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Abstract A multipurpose antenna system that can handle a broad area of frequencies is crucial in the effort to build up widespread 5G Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. For fifth-generation Internet-of-things applications, this research introduces a new multi-band antenna that can operate in the sub-6 GHz band (2–7 GHz), Ku-band (13–17.5 GHz), and millimeter wave band (25–39 GHz). The antenna achieves a remarkable three-band operational bandwidth through cleverly integrated slots and parasitic components. Maximum realized gain of 4.3 dBi in the sub-6 GHz band, 5.5 dBi in the Ku-band, and 9.9 dBi in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) band for 3D MIMO setup is ensured. In addition, the machine learning prediction is used to verify the single element realized gain, and the results demonstrate that it performs admirably with an accuracy of more than 89% using the random forest regression model throughout the entire frequency spectrum. A 6-port, one-of-a-kind MIMO design with strong diversity performance is built from the single-element configuration. This 6-port MIMO system uses a new codesign technique to achieve 360-degree coverage in the elevation and azimuth planes, exceptional isolation (21 dB at sub-6 GHz band, 25 dB at the Ku-band, and 30 dB at mm-wave band), and pattern diversity. This MIMO antenna module is a shining example of the future, with the potential to completely alter the state of affairs in terms of 5G IoT connectivity in settings such as smart homes, offices, cities, vehicle-to-everything communications, and broadcast satellite service (BSS).

Abstract The current study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Willems, Cameriere’s and Greulich and Pyle method in age estimation among a sample of Egyptian children aged 8–16 years based on analysis of 140 panoramic dental X-ray and hand-wrist radiographs (70 girls and 70 boys). Using Willems method, the mean dental age underestimated chronological age by (0.20 ± 0.91 years) for boys and by (0.24 ± 1.33 year) for girls; these differences were not statistically significant. Also, Cameriere’s method underestimated chronological age in both sexes by mean difference of (1.10 ± 1.22 year) in boys and (1.13 ± 1.31 year) in girls; these differences were statistically significant. Regarding Greulich and Pyle atlas, the mean of skeletal age was overestimated when compared to the real age in boys with a mean difference (0.04 ± 0.86 year). In girls; the age was underestimated by a mean difference of (0.15 ± 1.32 years) when compared to chronological age; these differences were not statistically significant. Comparing the two dental methods, the mean absolute error using Willems method was less than one year (0.94 and 0.96 years) in boys and girls respectively, while in Cameriere’s method, it was more than one year in both groups. Moreover; the mean absolute error using Greulich and Pyle atlas was less than two years (1.02 and 1.38 years) in boys and girls respectively. Since Willems and the atlas methods were more accurate, the combination of both of them could be used for age estimation in the Egyptian population.

Abstract Lung cancer (LC) is a crucial rapidly developing disease. In Egypt, it is one of the five most frequent cancers. Little is known about the impact of deleted mismatch repair genes and its correlation to clinicopathological characteristics. This study evaluates immunohistochemical expression of the mismatch repair genes (PMS2), (MSH2), (MLH1) & (MSH6) & its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters & prognosis of LC. Age was higher with lost MLH1 & PMS2 but HTN was higher with lost four markers. Smoking was associated with expression of MLH1 & PMS2. A progressive course was associated with lost MSH2 & MSH6. Suprarenal metastasis was associated with lost all markers but bone metastasis was associated with lost MSH2 & MSH6. All the markers were significantly correlated with each other, with perfect correlations between MSH6 & MSH2 and between MLH & PMS2. Median overall survival among cases with lost markers was significantly lower than patients with preserved markers. We recommend evaluation of the four proteins as a biomarker that could guide LC therapy. In-depth biological research is imperative to elucidate the precise roles and mechanisms of these markers. This will advance management strategies and even guide immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for LC.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) ranks as the third most common parasitic parasite worldwide, and it is estimated that > 60% of the population is infected with T. gondii worldwide at some point in their lives. So. Therefore, it is highly curious that T. gondii could be a potential cause of idiopathic infertility that is incidental to male partners, who are responsible for nearly 50% of cases. Testicular histomorphometric analysis was developed to investigate fertility problems. The objective of this experimental study was to assess the impact of toxoplasmosis on spermatogenesis indicated by histomorphometric changes in rat testes and its correlation with the degree of infection in the brain. Ninety male Wistar albino rats were infected with T. gondii, and 30 male rats composed the control group. The studied parameters were investigated from the seventh week until the twelfth week postinfection by estimating the body weight, the weight of the testes, histopathological examination, and metric analysis of the testes. Each time, correlations were detected between the investigated parameters and the infection severity calculated by estimating the cyst burden in brain homogenates and brain lesion grading of stained histological sections.Our findings demonstrated a significant adverse impact of toxoplasmosis on absolute body weight, testis weight, and testis histomorphometry. The grading of brain lesions and the number of brain cysts paralleled each other. There was a reverse correlation between the gonado-somatic index and the number of brain cysts and brain lesion grade. There was a statistically significant correlation between the brain cyst count and the brain lesion grade and the indices 20 A, 20b, 250, and 200 of the testes metric analysis. Conclusion: Our results revealed that toxoplasmosis has an adverse impact on male rat spermatogenic cells, which in turn affects spermatogenesis and fertility. This impact is significantly correlated with the degree of latent infection in the brain.

Abstract Establishing an optimal datacenter selection policy within the cloud environment is paramount to maximize the performance of the cloud services. Service broker policy governs the selection of datacenters for user requests. In our research, we introduce an innovative approach incorporating the genetic algorithm with service broker policy to assist cloud services in identifying the most suitable datacenters for specific userbases. The effectiveness of our proposed genetic algorithm was rigorously evaluated through experiments conducted on CloudAnalyst platform. The results clearly indicate that our proposed algorithm surpasses existing service broker policies and previous research works done in this field in terms of reducing response time and data processing time. The results analysis validates its efficacy and potential for enhancing cloud service performance and reducing the cost of overall cloud infrastructure.

The inevitable diminutions of fossil fuel, declined energy efficiency, and sustainability considerations have sparked concerns about centralized generating facilities in traditional grids. Therefore, integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into system installations has emerged as a dependable option to meet growing energy requirements while maintaining acceptable quality and efficiency standards. Despite notable advancements in system characteristics post-DER integration, this decentralized layout has impacted the functioning patterns of the entire system, including protection schemes. Designing an effective protection strategy in DER-rich systems is challenging due to many hurdles, including variations in short-circuit values, sympathetic tripping, protection blindness, loss of coordination, and system instability post-faults. Thus, this paper evaluates the efficacy of overcurrent protection in addressing the challenges introduced by DERs in power grids. It investigates overcurrent relay coordination issues, clarifying relevant equations and formulations from literature. Moreover, it assesses overcurrent relay performance in various scenarios post-DER integration. This evaluation is performed on a modified IEEE 33-bus system, equipped with DERs. Simulation and analysis are conducted using DigSILENT and MATLAB to simulate the system, analyze network stability, and solve optimization problems.

IntroductionDecision-makers around the world are very concerned about contaminated soil since it has a direct effect on soil and food security. This study seeks to evaluate soil contamination by a chosen heavy metal, Ni, Mn, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Zn in the studied area located around the Kitchener drain in Egypt, its main source for irrigation water in the studied area and it extends 69 km and pass through Gharbia, Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakahlia Governorates, Egypt near).MethodologyPrincipal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, contamination factor (CF) and degree of contamination (DC) indices, which Quantified the level of contamination hazard supported by GIS, were used to determine the level of soil contamination in the area under study.ResultsThe spatial pattern of studied variables by kriging shows that The K-Bessel model is fitted for electrical conductivity (EC), Ni, and Cu, the exponential model is well-suited for pH, CaCO3%, and Fe in the soil, and the circular model fit for Mn. Stable model for silt, furthermore, a Gaussian model was fitted for Sand, Clay, and Cd and the hole Effect model for Co. As these models had low Mean Standardized Error (MSE) values (around zero) and Root-Mean-Square Standardized Error (RMSSE) values that were close to one. It indicates that the modals’ forecasts are roughly as precise as the baseline. The study area was divided into three zones based on the unconventional results of the integration of PCA and cluster analysis; each zone has a different heavy metal concentration and pattern. The results showed, that 0.82% of the studied area, the pollution was at a moderate level. Very high levels of heavy metal contamination were found throughout most of the area (79.24%); average concentrations of these metals were found to be 132.2+/-31.8,672.6 ± 125.4, 8.9 ± 5.1,103.8 ± 44.4, 25.5 ± 3.5,30.6 ± 10.3,223,021.4 ± 40484, and 246.5 ± 248.7 mg kg−1 for Ni, Mn, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Zn, respectively. On the other hand, 19.92% of the studied area is contaminated considerably. There are various sources of contamination; such as household goods and industrial trash, including those from the textile, paint, sewage, and leather tanning industries; agricultural wastes, particularly those that contain pesticides and superphosphate fertilisers; and sewage sludge.ConclusionOverall mapping soil contamination could help decision-makers create suitable heavy metal mitigation strategies. To lessen human harmful behaviors that create environmental contamination, the study suggests enacting farm management legislation. Future research will also concentrate on strategies for controlling and lessening the consequences of soil pollution.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurs as a result of a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is most frequently linked to a decline in cognitive function and memory. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups (n = 6); Group I was the negative control, Group II was the AlCl3-positive control, and Group III and Group IV were treated with 100 mg and 200 mg/kg of Portulaca oleracea methanolic extract, respectively. Aluminum chloride intoxication in Group II increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant parameters and affected interleukin-6 (IL-6), the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and amyloid beta (Aβ), which lead to the induction of AD through injuring brain cells of AD rats. Treating the AD rats in Group III (GIII) and Group IV (GIV) with P. oleracea ameliorated the altered parameters in the AD rats. It also increased folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. P. oleracea modulated the physiological, biochemical, and histological changes brought on by AlCl3 intoxication in rats via oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. The dose of P. oleracea in GIV successfully modified the behavioral changes brought on by AlCl3 in the AD rats more than that of GIII.

Microgrid protection has made significant strides in recent years, yet distribution system operators face substantial challenges. The advent of microgrid operation has revealed the limitations of existing protection devices, particularly in recognizing, classifying, and locating various types of faults when in islanded mode. The dynamic nature of microgrids complicates fault management. This paper presents a methodology for a central protection unit that includes fault detection and classification, fault location estimation, and faulty line isolation. The proposed method utilizes discrete wavelet transform and traveling wave techniques with a central protection unit. The central protection unit depends on the LoRaWAN communication technique to transmit data between the central protection unit and the system. A test system developed entirely in MATLAB/Simulink is used to demonstrate the accuracy of each feature of the protection algorithm applied in microgrids. The proposed method is tested and simulated on two systems: one is a ring system, and the other is an IEEE 13 bus system. Different types of faults at various locations have been tested and simulated. The results show the method’s effectiveness, indicating its potential to enhance the current protection system and pave the way for implementing a modern microgrid station protection system. The fault clearance time is within 11.5 ms for the IEEE system and 7 ms for the ring system.

Understanding the sorption process in natural zeolite and bentonite is necessary for effective utilization of these minerals as nutrient adsorbents and on the other side for controlling release of plant nutrients. This research was undertaken to characterize the ability of natural zeolite and bentonite minerals to adsorb and release zinc and manganese. The potentials for sorption of these ions were evaluated by applying the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results showed that Langmuir constant [maximum adsorption (b mmol kg-1)] of both Zn and Mn were for bentonite > zeolite While the [binding strength values (k in L.mmol-1)] for zeolite > bentonite Zn in case of zeolite showed the lowest desorbed percentage particularly at high levels of sorbed Zn. Only, 74.7 % is readily extractable by DTPA after three successive extractions leaving, 25.3 % Zn retained by the mineral. In case of bentonite, 82.26 % of sorbed Zn is readily extractable by DTPA after three successive extractions leaving, 17.74 % Zn retained by the mineral. In case of Mn, 84.63% of Mn sorbed by zeolite is readily extractable by DTPA after three successive extractions leaving, 15.37% Mn retained by the mineral. In case of bentonite, 89.79 % of adsorbed Mn is readily extractable by DTPA after three successive extractions leaving, 10.21 % Mn retained by the mineral. This finding may reflect clearly the possibility of using natural zeolite and bentonite as a slow release fertilizer for Zn and Mn and on the other hand preventing soil pollution with heavy metals.

Purpose: The repositioning of previously approved drugs is occupying the researchers’ plans. Baclofen (Bac) was our candidate for its established neuroprotective capacity, with a proposal of efficient drug delivery as non-ionic surfactant-based nanovesicles (NISNV) formulae against mild repetitive traumatic brain injury (mRTBI) in rats, thus reducing the number of orally or injected medications, especially in severely comatose patients or pediatrics. Methods: A (23 ) factorial design was implemented for confining Bac-loaded NISNV formulae, where a bunch of variables were inspected. An in-vivo experiment was done to test the prepared formula’s efficacy transdermally. The following parameters were measured: brain expression of gamma amino butyric acid B (GABAB), protein kinase C- α (PKC-α), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), TNF-α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and histopathology. Results: The particle size (PS) and entrapment efficiency percent (EE%) speckled from 60.40±0.28% to 88.02±0.01% for the former and 174.64±0.93 to 1174.50±3.54 nm for the latter. In vitro release% after 8 hours ranged from 63.25±5.47% to 84.79±3.75%. The optimized formula (F4) illustrated desirability=1, with 630.09±3.53 µg/cm2 of Bac permeated over 8 hours, which equates to 100% of Bac. Bac post-trauma treatment restored brain expression of GABAB and PKC-α, while decreasing FAK. Besides enhancing the histological findings, the anti-inflammatory effect was clear by decreasing TNF-α and NF-κB p65. Consequently, significant antioxidant sequelae were revealed herein by diminishing MDA levels and restoring SOD activity. Conclusion: Transdermal delivery of Bac-loaded niosomes confirmed neuroprotection and succeeded in surpassing skin-to-brain barriers, which makes it a promising therapeutic option for repeated traumas.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. While motor symptoms such as rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability are well-recognized, non-motor symptoms including cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety also significantly impact patients' quality of life. Preclinical research utilizing animal models has been instrumental in understanding PD pathophysiology and exploring therapeutic interventions. Various approaches, including genetic manipulations and toxin-induced insults, aim to recapitulate both motor and non-motor aspects of PD in animal models. However, no single model fully replicates the complex spectrum of PD symptoms. Behavioral assessments play a crucial role in evaluating motor impairments in PD animal models, focusing on the manifestation of Parkinsonian motor phenotype. These assessments encompass locomotor activities, motor behavior abnormalities, and induced rotational behavior. Similarly, non-motor features are assessed through tests evaluating behavioral alterations such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Although numerous animal models of PD have been developed, including non-human primates and both mammalian and non-mammalian species, this review focuses on motor and non-motor testing methodologies in rodent models, which are the most commonly used. Emphasizing genetic and toxin-induced PD models in mice and rats, we highlight key testing strategies and the significance of each method in addressing specific research questions and interpreting experimental data. By providing a comprehensive overview of these testing approaches, this review aims to advance understanding and foster progress in PD research.