3 results on '"Sherrill T. Phillips"'
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2. Clinical and subclinical effects of power brushing following experimental induction of biofilm overgrowth in subjects representing a spectrum of periodontal disease
- Author
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Marko de Jager, Marilyn Ward, Luis Mendoza, Sherrill T. Phillips, M. Aspiras, David A. Barrow, Steven Offenbacher, Kevin Moss, and Silvana P. Barros
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Toothbrushing ,Plaque index ,Electrical Equipment and Supplies ,Interleukin-1beta ,Bleeding on probing ,Dental Plaque ,Dentistry ,Dental plaque ,law.invention ,Lipocalin-2 ,Randomized controlled trial ,Periodontal disease ,law ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,medicine ,Humans ,Periodontal Pocket ,Single-Blind Method ,Saliva ,Periodontal Diseases ,Subclinical infection ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Interleukin-8 ,Biofilm ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ,Periodontium ,Microarray Analysis ,medicine.disease ,Gingivitis ,Lipocalins ,Matrix Metalloproteinases ,Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ,Biofilms ,Periodontics ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Gingival Hemorrhage ,business ,Biomarkers ,Acute-Phase Proteins - Abstract
Aim Investigate short-term effects of power brushing following experimental induction of biofilm overgrowth in periodontal disease states. Materials and Methods Overall, 175 subjects representing each of five biofilm–gingival interface (BGI) periodontal groups were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized study. After stent-induced biofilm overgrowth for 21 days subjects received either a manual or a power toothbrush to use during a 4 weeks resolution phase. At baseline and during induction and resolution, standard clinical parameters were measured. Subclinical parameters included multikine analysis of 13 salivary biomarkers and 16s Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) probe analysis of subgingival plaque samples. Results All groups exhibited significantly greater reductions in bleeding on probing (BOP) (p = 0.002), gingival index (GI) (p = 0.0007), pocket depth (PD) (p = 0.04) and plaque index (p = 0.001) with power brushing compared to manual. When BGI groups were combined to form a shallow PD (PD ≤ 3 mm) and a deep PD group (PD > 4 mm) power brushing reduced BOP and GI in subjects with both pocket depths. Power brushing significantly reduced IL-1β levels at resolution while changes in bacterial levels showed non-significant trends between both brushing modalities. Conclusions Short-term changes in select clinical parameters and subclinical salivary biomarkers may be useful in assessing efficacy of power brushing interventions in a spectrum of periodontal disease states.
- Published
- 2013
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3. Insulin Response Genes in Different Stages of Periodontal Disease
- Author
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Shaoping Zhang, Kevin Moss, Sherrill T. Phillips, Silvana P. Barros, Ning Yu, and S. Offenbacher
- Subjects
Adult ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gingiva ,Clinical Investigations ,Inflammation ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Biology ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ,Gingivitis ,Young Adult ,Insulin resistance ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Internal medicine ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Periodontal Pocket ,Obesity ,General Dentistry ,Cells, Cultured ,Periodontitis ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Epithelial Cells ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Chronic periodontitis ,Up-Regulation ,Endocrinology ,Glucose ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Chronic Periodontitis ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Insulin Resistance - Abstract
Bacterial infections are known to alter glucose metabolism within tissues via mechanisms of inflammation. We conducted this study to examine whether insulin response genes are differentially expressed in gingival tissues, comparing samples from experimental gingivitis and periodontitis subjects to those from healthy individuals. Total RNA was extracted from gingival biopsies from 26 participants: 8 periodontally healthy, 9 experimental gingivitis, and 9 periodontitis subjects. Gene expression patterns were evaluated with a polymerase chain reaction array panel to examine 84 candidate genes involved with glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and obesity. Array data were evaluated with a t test adjusted by the false discover rate ( P < 0.05), and ingenuity pathway analysis was performed for statistical testing of pathways. Although tissue samples were not sufficient to enable protein quantification, we confirmed the upregulation of the key gene using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary gingival epithelial cells by Western blot. The mRNA expression patterns of genes that are associated with insulin response and glucose metabolism are markedly different in experimental gingivitis subjects compared with healthy controls. Thirty-two genes are upregulated significantly by at least 2-fold, adjusted for false discover rate ( P < 0.05). Periodontitis subjects show similar but attenuated changes in gene expression patterns, and no genes meet the significance criteria. Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrates significant activation of the carbohydrate metabolism network in experimental gingivitis but not in periodontitis. G6PD protein increases in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation in primary gingival epithelial cells, which is in the same direction as upregulated mRNA in tissues. Acute gingival inflammation may be associated with tissue metabolism changes, but these changes are not evident in chronic periodontitis. This study suggests that acute gingival inflammation may induce localized changes that modify tissue insulin/glucose metabolism.
- Published
- 2015
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