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1. An Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic $\pi_1(1600)$

Author: Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arrigo, S., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Barton, D., Baturin, V., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Cao, S., Chudakov, E., Chung, G., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Edo, M., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Glazier, D., Gleason, C., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hernandez, J., Hernandez, K., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jing, M., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, R., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orešić, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Septian, N., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Sikes, J., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The spin-exotic hybrid meson $\pi_{1}(1600)$ is predicted to have a large decay rate to the $\omega\pi\pi$ final state. Using 76.6~pb$^{-1}$ of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions $\gamma p \to \omega \pi^+ \pi^- p$, $\gamma p \to \omega \pi^0 \pi^0 p$, and $\gamma p\to\omega\pi^-\pi^0\Delta^{++}$ in the range $E_\gamma =$ 8-10 GeV. Using isospin conservation, we set the first upper limits on the photoproduction cross sections of the $\pi^{0}_{1}(1600)$ and $\pi^{-}_{1}(1600)$. We combine these limits with lattice calculations of decay widths and find that photoproduction of $\eta'\pi$ is the most sensitive two-body system to search for the $\pi_1(1600)$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures plus supplemental materials
Published: 2024

2. Measurement of Spin-Density Matrix Elements in $\Delta^{++}(1232)$ photoproduction

Author: Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arrigo, S., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Barton, D., Baturin, V., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Cao, S., Chudakov, E., Chung, G., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Edo, M., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hernandez, J., Hernandez, K., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jing, M., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, R., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orešić, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Septian, N., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Sikes, J., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We measure the spin-density matrix elements (SDMEs) of the $\Delta^{++}(1232)$ in the photoproduction reaction $\gamma p \to \pi^-\Delta^{++}(1232)$ with the GlueX experiment in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The measurement uses a linearly--polarized photon beam with energies from $8.2$ to $8.8$~GeV and the statistical precision of the SDMEs exceeds the previous measurement by three orders of magnitude for the momentum transfer squared region below $1.4$ GeV$^2$. The data are sensitive to the previously undetermined relative sign between couplings in existing Regge-exchange models. Linear combinations of the extracted SDMEs allow for a decomposition into natural and unnatural--exchange amplitudes. We find that the unnatural exchange plays an important role in the low momentum transfer region.
Published: 2024

3. Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M., Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, L., Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z.-F., D’Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., de Paula, W., de Téramond, G. F., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J., Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G.-P., Girod, F.-X., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F.-K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J.-O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Hiller Blin, A. N., Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E., Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, D. J., Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C.-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D., Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H.-W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L., Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z.-E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J.-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S.-X., Qiu, J.-W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J.-M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M., Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C., Seay, D. A., Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S., Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A.-S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X.-B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S.-S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C.-P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., and Zihlmann, B.
Published: 2024
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4. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author: Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures
Published: 2023

5. Cellulose, graphene and graphene-cellulose composite aerogels and their application in water treatment: a review

Author: Sekwele, Karabo G., Tichapondwa, Shepherd M., and Mhike, Washington
Published: 2024
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6. Measurement of Spin-Density Matrix Elements in $\rho(770)$ Production with a Linearly Polarized Photon Beam at $E_\gamma = 8.2\,-\,8.8\,\text{GeV}$

Author: GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Byer, D., Chudakov, E., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Edo, M., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Ma, R., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orešić, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab studies photoproduction of mesons using linearly polarized $8.5\,\text{GeV}$ photons impinging on a hydrogen target which is contained within a detector with near-complete coverage for charged and neutral particles. We present measurements of spin-density matrix elements for the photoproduction of the vector meson $\rho$(770). The statistical precision achieved exceeds that of previous experiments for polarized photoproduction in this energy range by orders of magnitude. We confirm a high degree of $s$-channel helicity conservation at small squared four-momentum transfer $t$ and are able to extract the $t$-dependence of natural and unnatural-parity exchange contributions to the production process in detail. We confirm the dominance of natural-parity exchange over the full $t$ range. We also find that helicity amplitudes in which the helicity of the incident photon and the photoproduced $\rho(770)$ differ by two units are negligible for $-t<0.5\,\text{GeV}^{2}/c^{2}$., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2023
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7. Measurement of the J/$\psi $ photoproduction cross section over the full near-threshold kinematic region

Author: GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Afzal, F., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Amaryan, M., Arroyave, V., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Byer, D., Chudakov, E., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Darulis, D., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Eugenio, P., Fabrizi, A., Fanelli, C., Fang, S., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gardner, A., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Grube, B., Guo, J., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hornidge, D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hurley, A., Imoehl, W., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jeske, T., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Martel, P. P., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Ng, L., Nissen, E., Orei, S., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Prather, E., Rakshit, S., Reinhold, J., Remington, A., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Scheuer, K., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, S., Somov, A., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Wunderlich, Y., Yu, B., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, X., Zhou, J., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the total and differential cross sections for $J/\psi$ photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2~GeV up to 11.44~GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum transfer squared, $t$. Such coverage facilitates the extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the forward ($t = 0$) point beyond the physical region. The forward cross section is used by many theoretical models and plays an important role in understanding $J/\psi$ photoproduction and its relation to the $J/\psi-$proton interaction. These measurements of $J/\psi$ photoproduction near threshold are also crucial inputs to theoretical models that are used to study important aspects of the gluon structure of the proton, such as the gluon Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) of the proton, the mass radius of the proton, and the trace anomaly contribution to the proton mass. We observe possible structures in the total cross section energy dependence and find evidence for contributions beyond gluon exchange in the differential cross section close to threshold, both of which are consistent with contributions from open-charm intermediate states., Comment: 15 pages 18 figures
Published: 2023
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8. The Present and Future of QCD

Author: Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research., Comment: QCD Town Meeting White Paper, as submitted to 2023 NSAC LRP committee on Feb. 28, 2023
Published: 2023
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9. Cellulose, graphene and graphene-cellulose composite aerogels and their application in water treatment: a review

Author: Karabo G. Sekwele, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Washington Mhike
Subjects: Cellulose aerogels, Graphene oxide aerogels, Composite aerogels, Water treatment, Waste water, Removal of heavy metals, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Abstract Due to their unique properties such as outstanding specific surface areas, aerogels can potentially offer a cost-effective and efficient water and wastewater treatment solution thereby solving the worldwide ever-growing water pollution conundrum. This review explores the developments and progress in the application of cellulose, graphene, and cellulose-graphene composite aerogels in addressing water treatment challenges. The objective of this study was to critically review the state-of-the-art with respect to synthesis methods and properties of cellulose, graphene, and cellulose-graphene composite aerogels and their application, effectiveness and performance in water and wastewater treatment. It is evident from the review that cost-effective aerogel production methods that can be scaled up easily still need to be developed to enable commercial viability of aerogels in water treatment. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of aerogels, particularly stiffness and strength, are a hinderance to expanding their utility. The potential for functionalization of the aerogels through fabrication of aerogel nanocomposites or incorporation of functional groups was recognized as a viable method to enhance their properties and effectiveness in water treatment and other advanced industrial-scale applications. Graphene-cellulose composite aerogels have enhanced properties, removal capacities and efficiencies for pollutants from water compared to aerogels prepared from the individual materials. The regeneration ability and reusability of the composite aerogels make them an attractive option for practical applications. Although the potential of cellulose, graphene, and cellulose-graphene composite aerogels in water treatment applications is apparent, the impact of their production, utilization and subsequent disposal on sustainability and the environmental is yet to be fully studied.
Published: 2024
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10. Identification of an Appropriate Grass Which Can Be Used for Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetland

Author: Magezi K. Mabaso, Evans M.N. Chirwa, and Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Aging and poor maintenance of wastewater treatment works affect the wastewater quality and quantity. The focus of this experimental study was to identify appropriate grass which can be used for wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides), Lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpurreum) were planted separately and exposed to influent for a period of twenty weeks. Growth measurements were recorded weekly and the quality of the effluents from each of these grasses were assessed using standard methods to determine their treatment efficiency. The study demonstrates that different grass species can be used in constructed wetlands to treat wastewater effectively. Vetiver grass showed promising results in terms of treatment efficiency, meeting WHO standards for various water quality parameters. Further research and monitoring may be needed to confirm the long-term sustainability and performance of these grasses in wastewater treatment applications.
Published: 2024
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11. Morphological Evaluation of a Multispecies Biofilm on A106 Gb Industry-finished Steel Used from Heat Exchangers

Author: Alicia Prithiraj, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, Jackie M. Nel, and Evans M.N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Biofouling in heat exchangers is a challenge in industry leading to efficiency and maintenance losses. A 3.4 % of the global gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013, estimated the global cost of corrosion to be US$ 2.5 x 1012. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stages of multispecies biofilm formation on finished steel surfaces with emphasis on bacterial cell attachment at early stages. Although many studies have been conducted regarding bacterial attachment to metallic surfaces, little is known about the impact of the conditions and mechanisms of attachment in the early stages. It is not known which type of bacterial strains will selectively attach in this environment. Third-generation sequencing was conducted to give insight on the abundant species at the surface, and it was observed that Firmicutes attached to the rough and smooth surfaces and Pseudomonas sp. was prevalent on the rough surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to count the abundant rod-shaped bacteria in colony sites on smooth surfaces on day 3 only. However, on rougher surfaces bacteria could not be easily detected due to biofilm fully covering the sites. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to quantify surface roughness on the bacterial biofilm. Roughness values from the AFM on the smooth surface showed a significant increase as compared to the rough surface, indicating bacterial attachment. Mature and complex structures started forming at later growth stages. Smooth finished surfaces showed reduced biofilm formation and selective attachment of Pseudomonas sp. on rough surfaces is known to aid in steel corrosion and subsequent failures.
Published: 2024
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12. Performance Enhancement of an Air-cathode Microbial Fuel Cell with Subsequent Carbon Source Removal

Author: Khanyisile B. Malunga-Makatu, Sadaf A. Rahimi, Evans M.N. Chirwa, and Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology holds great promise for sustainability by simultaneously producing energy, recycling water, and degrading organic compounds. This study aimed to enhance MFC performance by introducing a biogenic air-cathode and marine bacteria. Marine bacteria were cultivated from estuarine seawater samples collected in Cape Town, South Africa, under optimal conditions (30 °C, pH 7). Additionally, the air-cathode was modified with biogenic palladium (bio-Pd(0)) as a catalyst to improve MFC performance. The open-loop cell potential was monitored every 24 h, and a maximum open-loop cell potential of 524.8 mV was recorded for the biogenic air-cathode compared to a value of 504.3mV for the control. The performance analysis of the MFC, which included recording closed-loop cell potential and assessing performance at various resistances, revealed that the biogenic cathode outperformed the control by reaching a peak power density of 4.94 mW/ m 3 . Performance analysis of the MFC at different concentrations of naphthalene (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm) also revealed improved MFC performance with increasing naphthalene concentration up to 10 ppm but exhibited inhibitory effects at 20 ppm. Carbon source removal, assessed through chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, coincided with peak cell potential output. These findings highlighted the potential of MFC technology for wastewater treatment and energy generation.
Published: 2024
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13. Biological Nitrate Removal in Household Slow Sand Filters Using Mixed Culture and Carbon Source Loading

Author: Mahabe S. Mojela, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M.N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of pond bacteria paired with acetate and sawdust as viable inoculums for facilitating heterotrophic denitrification in household slow sand filters. This was achieved through culturing pond sediment bacteria and pairing it with both carbon sources in nitrate contaminated batch and filter column experiments. The inoculum culture tested positive for denitrifying bacteria including those of the Bacillus, Paraclostridium and Clostridium genera. Batch experiments conducted over 17 h with the acetate carbon source achieved complete denitrification for the C/N ratios of 2 and 5 at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/L of nitrate. Incomplete denitrification was attained at C/N ratio of 0.5. Sawdust batches loaded with 1 g sawdust under similar concentration, volume, and time loading achieved incomplete denitrification with nitrite accumulation of up to 100 mg/L. In inoculated filter column experiments fed with 2 L of contaminated feed daily, the acetate carbon source fed filters achieved complete denitrification at feed concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/L nitrate, while sand/sawdust mixed columns only achieved complete denitrification for the 200 mg/L nitrate feed. 400 mg/L nitrate feed was reduced to 237 mg/L. No significant nitrite accumulation was observed in the filters. TOC readings in the control, sawdust and acetate filters were 7.072, 13.702 and 11.764 mg/L carbon at the 200 mg/L nitrate feed and 5.984, 6.630, and 7.142 mg/L carbon at the 400 mg/L nitrate feed.
Published: 2024
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14. Initial performance of the GlueX DIRC detector

Author: Ali, A., Barbosa, F., Bessuille, J., Chudakov, E., Dzhygadlo, R., Fanelli, C., Frye, J., Hardin, J., Hurley, A., Ihloff, E., Kalicy, G., Kelsey, J., Li, W. B., Patsyuk, M., Schwiening, J., Shepherd, M., Stevens, J. R., Whitlatch, T., Williams, M., and Yang, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Laboratory aims to perform quantitative tests of non-perturbative QCD by studying the spectrum of light-quark mesons and baryons. A Detector of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) was installed to enhance the particle identification (PID) capability of the GlueX experiment by providing clean $\pi$/K separation up to 3.7 GeV/$c$ momentum in the forward region ($\theta<11^{\circ}$), which will allow the study of hybrid mesons decaying into kaon final states with significantly higher efficiency and purity. The new PID system is constructed with radiators from the decommissioned BaBar DIRC counter, combined with new compact photon cameras based on the SuperB FDIRC concept. The full system was successfully installed and commissioned with beam during 2019/2020. The initial PID performance of the system was evaluated and compared to one from Geant4 simulation., Comment: International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2021, 5 pages
Published: 2022
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15. A comparative study of metal-sulphide/ZnO for visible-light-induced photocatalysis and the six-flux photon absorption model of an external lamp photoreactor

Author: Ichipi, Emmanuel O., Mugumo, Rachel, Tichapondwa, Shepherd M., and Chirwa, Evans M.N.
Published: 2024
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16. Influence of wastewater matrix on the visible light degradation of phenol using AgCl/Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst

Author: Adenuga, Dorcas O., Tichapondwa, Shepherd M., and Chirwa, Evans M. N.
Published: 2023
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17. Search for photoproduction of axion-like particles at GlueX

Author: GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Ebersole, D., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hagen, M., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lorenti, L., Luckas, K., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Yang, Y., Yoon, S., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a search for axion-like particles, $a$, produced in photon-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of approximately 4 GeV, focusing on the scenario where the $a$-gluon coupling is dominant. The search uses $a\to\gamma\gamma$ and $a\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ decays, and a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 168 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the GlueX detector. The search for $a\to\gamma\gamma$ decays is performed in the mass range of $180 < m_a < 480$ MeV, while the search for $a\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ decays explores the $600 < m_a < 720$ MeV region. No evidence for a signal is found, and 90% confidence-level exclusion limits are placed on the $a$-gluon coupling strength. These constraints are the most stringent to date over much of the mass ranges considered., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; updated to published version
Published: 2021
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18. Self-assembled micro and nano rod-shaped porphyrin@Bi12O17Cl2 composite as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of organic contaminants

Author: Ogbeifun, Osemeikhian, Tichapondwa, Shepherd M., and Chirwa, Evans M. N.
Published: 2023
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19. Measurement of Spin Density Matrix Elements in $\Lambda(1520)$ Photoproduction at 8.2-8.8 GeV

Author: GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Albrecht, M., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cole, P. L., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hagen, M., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Hernandez, J., Hoffman, N. D., Hou, G., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Luckas, K., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mahmood, A., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Saldana, K., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Schick, A., Schmidt, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Sharp, P., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Viducic, T., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, X., Zhou, Q., Zihlmann, B., Glazier, D. I., and Mathieu, V.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the measurement of spin density matrix elements of the $\Lambda(1520)$ in the photoproduction reaction $\gamma p\rightarrow \Lambda(1520)K^+$, via its subsequent decay to $K^{-}p$. The measurement was performed as part of the GlueX experimental program in Hall D at Jefferson Lab using a linearly polarized photon beam with $E_\gamma =$ 8.2-8.8 GeV. These are the first such measurements in this photon energy range. Results are presented in bins of momentum transfer squared, $-(t-t_\text{0})$. We compare the results with a Reggeon exchange model and determine that natural exchange amplitudes are dominant in $\Lambda(1520)$ photoproduction., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted version
Published: 2021
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20. Self-assembled micro and nano rod-shaped porphyrin@Bi12O17Cl2 composite as an efficient photocatalyst for degradation of organic contaminants

Author: Osemeikhian Ogbeifun, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Bi12O17Cl2, Photosensitizer, Charge recombination, Heterostructure, Rod-shaped aggregated porphyrin, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Abstract Bi12O17Cl2 is a potential photocatalyst in practical applications due to its excellent photostability, visible light activity, and competitive bandgap energy. However, the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers makes it impractical for pollution mitigation. Recently, aggregated porphyrins have emerged as photosensitizers in light-dependent applications such as photocatalysis. Although Bi12O17Cl2 and porphyrin can function as separate photocatalysts, their photocatalytic properties in terms of visible light adsorption, charge separation and transport, can be improved when they are combined to form heterostructure. In this study, rod-shaped aggregated 5,10,15, 20-Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin was synthesized by CTAB-assisted, self-assembly strategy and Bi12O17Cl2 by a facile microwave method. The porphyrin and Bi12O17Cl2 were combined to generate a series of x %Porphyrin@Bi12O17Cl2 having 0.02% wt., 0.1% wt., 0.4% wt., 1% wt. and 10% wt. as compositions of porphyrin. The materials’ photocatalytic degradation efficiency was tested on Rhodamine B dye as a representative pollutant. The best and worst performances were reported for 1%Porphyrin@Bi12O17Cl2 and 10%Porphyrin@Bi12O17Cl2, respectively, which are 3.1 and 0.5 times increases in efficiency compared to pure Bi12O17Cl2. From the radical trapping experiment, electrons and superoxide were the dominant reactive species in the degradation process. The enhanced photocatalytic capability of the materials was attributed to the photosensitizing property of porphyrin and the heterojunction formation, which promotes the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. A plausible step-scheme (S-scheme) was proposed for the photocatalytic degradation mechanism. The S-scheme provided the high redox potential of the photogenerated charge carriers. The findings herein offer a new option for improving the photocatalytic performance of Bi12O17Cl2 for environmental applications through the photosensitization strategy. Graphical abstract
Published: 2023
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21. Application of carbon additives to reduce nitrogen leaching from cattle urine patches on pasture

Author: Shepherd, M.
Published: 2010

22. Measurement of beam asymmetry for $\pi^-\Delta^{++}$ photoproduction on the proton at $E_\gamma$=8.5 GeV

Author: GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Baldwin, Z., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fitches, J., Foda, A. M., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gao, H., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Khachatryan, V., Khatchatryan, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., LaDuke, A., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W. B., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Luckas, K., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mizutani, K., Neelamana, V., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pooser, E., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Rodriguez, G., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Schadmand, S., Schertz, A. M., Schick, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, A., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Sumner, B., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report a measurement of the $\pi^-$ photoproduction beam asymmetry for the reaction $\vec{\gamma} p \rightarrow \pi^- \Delta^{++}$ using data from the GlueX experiment in the photon beam energy range 8.2--8.8 GeV. The asymmetry $\Sigma$ is measured as a function of four-momentum transfer $t$ to the $\Delta^{++}$ and compared to phenomenological models. We find that $\Sigma$ varies as a function of $t$: negative at smaller values and positive at higher values of $|t|$. The reaction can be described theoretically by $t$-channel particle exchange requiring pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor intermediaries. In particular, this reaction requires charge exchange, allowing us to probe pion exchange and the significance of higher-order corrections to one-pion exchange at low momentum transfer. Constraining production mechanisms of conventional mesons may aid in the search for and study of unconventional mesons. This is the first measurement of the process at this energy., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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23. The GlueX Beamline and Detector

Author: Adhikari, S., Akondi, C. S., Ghoul, H. Al, Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Anassontzis, E. G., Austregesilo, A., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barnes, A., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Benesch, J., Berdnikov, V. V., Biallas, G., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Brindza, P., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brock, J., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Carlin, C., Carman, D. S., Carstens, T., Cao, N., Chernyshov, O., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crahen, W. D., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dickover, C., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Dzierba, A., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Foda, A. M., Foote, J., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gerasimov, A., Gevorgyan, N., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, A. Goncalves V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Hardin, J., Henschel, C. L., Huber, G. M., Hutton, C., Hurley, A., Ioannou, P., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Katsaganis, S., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Keith, C. D., Klein, F. J., Kliemt, R., Kolybaba, D., Kourkoumelis, C., Krueger, S. T., Kuleshov, S., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Leckey, J. P., Lersch, D. I., Leverington, B. D., Levine, W. I., Li, W., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Mattione, P. T., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., McIntyre, J., Meekins, D., Mendez, R., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mokaya, F., Moriya, K., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ni, H., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pierce, J., Pooser, E., Popov, V., Pratt, B., Qiang, Y., Qin, N., Razmyslovich, V., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Ritman, J., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Sandoval, N., Satogata, T., Schertz, A. M., Schadmand, S., Schick, A., Schumacher, R. A., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenova, I. A., Seth, K. K., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Sparks, N., Staib, M. J., Stanislav, C., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, J., Strakovsky, I. I., Summner, B. C. L., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teigrob, L. A., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Tolstukhin, I., Tomaradze, A., Toro, A., Tsaris, A., Van Haarlem, Y., Vasileiadis, G., Vega, I., Visser, G., Voulgaris, G., Walford, N. K., Werthmüller, D., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Wolin, E., Xiao, T., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been designed to study photoproduction reactions with a 9-GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The energy and arrival time of beam photons are tagged using a scintillator hodoscope and a scintillating fiber array. The photon flux is determined using a pair spectrometer, while the linear polarization of the photon beam is determined using a polarimeter based on triplet photoproduction. Charged-particle tracks from interactions in the central target are analyzed in a solenoidal field using a central straw-tube drift chamber and six packages of planar chambers with cathode strips and drift wires. Electromagnetic showers are reconstructed in a cylindrical scintillating fiber calorimeter inside the magnet and a lead-glass array downstream. Charged particle identification is achieved by measuring energy loss in the wire chambers and using the flight time of particles between the target and detectors outside the magnet. The signals from all detectors are recorded with flash ADCs and/or pipeline TDCs into memories allowing trigger decisions with a latency of 3.3 $\mu$s. The detector operates routinely at trigger rates of 40 kHz and data rates of 600 megabytes per second. We describe the photon beam, the GlueX detector components, electronics, data-acquisition and monitoring systems, and the performance of the experiment during the first three years of operation., Comment: Accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, 78 pages, 54 figures
Published: 2020
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24. Installation and Commissioning of the GlueX DIRC

Author: Ali, A., Barbosa, F., Bessuille, J., Chudakov, E., Dzhygadlo, R., Fanelli, C., Frye, J., Hardin, J., Hurley, A., Ihloff, E., Kalicy, G., Kelsey, J., Li, W. B., Patsyuk, M., Schwiening, J., Shepherd, M., Stevens, J. R., Whitlatch, T., Williams, M., and Yang, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GlueX experiment takes place in experimental Hall D at Jefferson Lab (JLab). With a linearly polarized photon beam of up to 12 GeV energy, GlueX is a dedicated experiment to search for hybrid mesons via photoproduction reactions. The low-intensity (Phase I) of GlueX was recently completed; the high-intensity (Phase II) started in 2020 including an upgraded particle identification system, known as the DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light), utilizing components from the decommissioned BaBar experiment. The identification and separation of the kaon final states will significantly enhance the GlueX physics program, by adding the capability of accessing the strange quark flavor content of conventional (and potentially hybrid) mesons. In these proceedings, we report that the installation and commissioning of the DIRC detector has been successfully completed.
Published: 2020

25. Measurement of the Photon Beam Asymmetry in $\vec{\gamma} p\to K^+\Sigma^0$ at $E_{\gamma} = 8.5$ GeV

Author: The GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Austregesilo, A., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Cao, N., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Foda, A. M., Foote, J., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goncalves, A., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ni, H., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pooser, E., Qin, N., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Schertz, A. M., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Seth, K. K., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Xiao, T., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reaction $\vec{\gamma} p\to K^+\Sigma^0$(1193) using the GlueX spectrometer in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. Data were collected using a linearly polarized photon beam in the energy range of 8.2-8.8 GeV incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ was measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable $t$, and a single value of $\Sigma$ was extracted for events produced in the $u$-channel. These are the first exclusive measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reaction in this energy range. For the $t$-channel, the measured beam asymmetry is close to unity over the $t$-range studied, $-t=(0.1-1.4)~$(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$, with an average value of $\Sigma = 1.00\pm 0.05$. This agrees with theoretical models that describe the reaction via the natural-parity exchange of the $K^{*}$(892) Regge trajectory. A value of $\Sigma = 0.41 \pm 0.09$ is obtained for the $u$-channel integrated up to $-u=2.0$~(GeV/$c$)$^{2}$.
Published: 2020
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26. The GlueX DIRC Program

Author: Ali, A., Barbosa, F., Bessuille, J., Chudakov, E., Dzhygadlo, R., Fanelli, C., Frye, J., Hardin, J., Hurley, A., Kalicy, G., Kelsey, J., Li, W., Patsyuk, M., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Shepherd, M., Stevens, J. R., Whitlatch, T., Williams, M., and Yang, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GlueX experiment is located in experimental Hall D at Jefferson Lab (JLab) and provides a unique capability to search for hybrid mesons in high-energy photoproduction, utilizing a ~9 GeV linearly polarized photon beam. The initial, low-intensity phase of GlueX was recently completed and a high-intensity phase has begun in 2020 which includes an upgraded kaon identification system, known as the DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light), utilizing components from the decommissioned BaBar DIRC. The identification of kaon final states will significantly enhance the GlueX physics program, to aid in inferring the quark flavor content of conventional (and potentially hybrid) mesons. In these proceedings we describe the installation of the GlueX DIRC and the analysis of initial commissioning data
Published: 2020
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27. Bandgap Tailoring of ZnO Using Metallic Sulphides for Enhanced Visible-light-active Photocatalytic Water Treatment

Author: Rachel Mugumo, Emmanuel O. Ichipi, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: The combination of a wide bandgap Zinc oxide (ZnO ~3.4 eV) semiconductor photocatalyst with typical metallic sulphides, namely, silver sulphide (Ag2S), ferric sulphide (FeS) and nickel sulphide (NiS), all of a similar narrow bandgap (~0.90 eV), resulted in the red-shifting of photocatalytic activity towards the visible-light region. In this work, Ag2S/ZnO, FeS/ZnO and NiS/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesised via a facile combustion method. The physicochemical properties of the synthesised nanocomposites were characterised using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) techniques. Data obtained from the UV-vis DRS results were interpolated to estimate the bandgap energy of each nanocomposite using Tauc plots. The bandgap energy of ZnO was tailored from 3.30 eV to 2.15 eV, 1.91 eV and 1.85 eV for Ag2S/ZnO, FeS/ZnO and NiS/ZnO. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-synthesised nanocomposites at was investigated on the removal of 10 mgL-1 of methylene blue (MB) dye at 1 gL-1 catalyst loading. Results showed that Ag2S/ZnO, FeS/ZnO and NiS/ZnO achieved the removal of 99 %, 88 % and 81 % of MB dye after 120 min and a complete removal after 150 min of simulated visible light irradiation. The slope of the linear regression curve was calculated and found to follow a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with R2 values higher than 0.96. Finally, the results obtained from this study point to a way forward in the concept of bandgap engineering in photocatalysis as well as the efficient treatment method of dye-polluted effluent from the textile industry.
Published: 2023

28. Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater Using Microcrystalline Cellulose

Author: Washington Mhike, Lovejoy Dewa, and Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was utilised as an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the main characteristic infrared absorption bands of cellulose in the MCC. The MCC had a relatively low BET-specific surface area of 2.05 m2 g-1. SEM revealed that the MCC had a short-fibre, rod-shaped morphology. XRD analysis confirmed the MCC semi-crystalline structure. Batch adsorption studies showed that the optimal conditions for the removal of Cr(VI) from the wastewater using the MCC were an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg L-1, an adsorbent dosage of 20 g L-1 and a Cr(VI) solution pH of 1. The MCC required 96 h to reach equilibrium, and the equilibrium removal efficiency was 83 %. The point of zero charges of the MCC (pH 6.2) and occurrence of Cr(III) in solution during the adsorption process suggests that the Cr(VI) removal mechanism from the wastewater by the MCC was adsorption coupled by reduction. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model provided the best fit for the experimental kinetics data. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental equilibrium data. Compared to commercial adsorbents, the adsorption capacity of the MC was relatively low at 3.92 mg g-1.
Published: 2023

29. Fabrication and characterization of recyclable, magnetic (CoFe2O4)x/Ag2S-ZnO composites for visible-light-induced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Author: Ichipi, Emmanuel O., Mapossa, António B., Costa, Ana Cristina F.M., Chirwa, Evans M.N., and Tichapondwa, Shepherd M.
Published: 2023
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30. Beam Asymmetry $\mathbf{\Sigma}$ for the Photoproduction of $\mathbf{\eta}$ and $\mathbf{\eta^{\prime}}$ Mesons at $\mathbf{E_{\gamma}=8.8}$GeV

Author: The GlueX Collaboration, Adhikari, S., Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Austregesilo, A., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barnes, A., Barriga, E., Barsotti, R., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Cao, N., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Erbora, T., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Foda, A. M., Foote, J., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gevorgyan, N., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goncalves, A., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Mattione, P., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Paudel, C., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pooser, E., Qin, N., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Schertz, A. M., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenova, I. A., Seth, K. K., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Staib, M., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V. V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Xiao, T., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, G., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the measurement of the beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reactions $\vec{\gamma}p\rightarrow p\eta$ and $\vec{\gamma}p \rightarrow p\eta^{\prime}$ from the GlueX experiment, using an 8.2--8.8 GeV linearly polarized tagged photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. These measurements are made as a function of momentum transfer $-t$, with significantly higher statistical precision than our earlier $\eta$ measurements, and are the first measurements of $\eta^{\prime}$ in this energy range. We compare the results to theoretical predictions based on $t$--channel quasi-particle exchange. We also compare the ratio of $\Sigma_{\eta}$ to $\Sigma_{\eta^{\prime}}$ to these models, as this ratio is predicted to be sensitive to the amount of $s\bar{s}$ exchange in the production. We find that photoproduction of both $\eta$ and $\eta^{\prime}$ is dominated by natural parity exchange with little dependence on $-t$., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2019
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31. First measurement of near-threshold J/$\psi $ exclusive photoproduction off the proton

Author: The GlueX Collaboration, Ali, A., Amaryan, M., Anassontzis, E. G., Austregesilo, A., Baalouch, M., Barbosa, F., Barlow, J., Barnes, A., Barriga, E., Beattie, T. D., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Briscoe, W. J., Britton, T., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Cao, N., Chudakov, E., Cole, S., Cortes, O., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Daniels, T., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dotel, R., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Ernst, A., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Foda, A. M., Foote, J., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gauzshtein, V., Gevorgyan, N., Gleason, C., Goetzen, K., Goncalves, A., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hamdi, A., Han, S., Hardin, J., Huber, G. M., Hurley, A., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kalicy, G., Kamel, M., Kourkoumelis, C., Kuleshov, S., Kuznetsov, I., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Lersch, D. I., Li, H., Li, W., Liu, B., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Marukyan, H., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., McIntyre, J., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mokaya, F., Nerling, F., Ng, L., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Pauli, P., Pedroni, R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Phelps, W., Pooser, E., Qin, N., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Romero, C., Salgado, C., Schertz, A. M., Schumacher, R. A., Schwiening, J., Seth, K. K., Shen, X., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Suresh, K., Tarasov, V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Thiel, A., Vasileiadis, G., Werthmueller, D., Whitlatch, T., Wickramaarachchi, N., Williams, M., Xiao, T., Yang, Y., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, G., Zhou, Q., Zhou, X., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the measurement of the $\gamma p \rightarrow J/\psi p$ cross section from $E_\gamma = 11.8$ GeV down to the threshold at $8.2$ GeV using a tagged photon beam with the GlueX experiment. We find the total cross section falls toward the threshold less steeply than expected from two-gluon exchange models. The differential cross section $d\sigma /dt$ has an exponential slope of $1.67 \pm 0.39$ GeV$^{-2}$ at $10.7$ GeV average energy. The LHCb pentaquark candidates $P_c^+$ can be produced in the $s$-channel of this reaction. We see no evidence for them and set model-dependent upper limits on their branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(P_c^+ \rightarrow J/\psi p)$ and cross sections $\sigma(\gamma p \to P_c^+)\times\mathcal{B}(P_c^+ \to J/\psi p) $., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2019
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32. Wood Chips as a Carbon Source for Denitrification in Household Slow Sand Filters

Author: Mahabe S. Mojela, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M.N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of using woodchips as a carbon source for denitrification in intermittently operated household slow sand filters. This was accomplished through a series of batch and column experiments where fishpond bacteria were used to inoculate the reactors, and the resulting nitrate and nitrite concentrations observed over 24 h. Results from batch experiments in 100 mL serum bottles loaded with 0.5, 3 and 5 g of woodchip material, and 200 mg/L nitrate feed achieved 78%, 100% and 90% nitrate removal respectively. Nitrite concentrations in the batch reactors were 55, 0 and 98 mg/L after 24 h. A second set of batch experiments where 3 g of column sand was used as an inoculum showed a drop in nitrate from 200 mg/L to 182 mg/L. Three columns were constructed and fed intermittently with 3 L of nitrate contaminated water daily. The filter columns consisted of a woodchip only column, a sand only column and a mixed sand and woodchip column. After allowing them to stand for 24 h after being inoculated with denitrifying bacteria, the three columns were able to achieve complete denitrification within the 24 h filter run for a 50 mg/L nitrate feed. Nitrite production peaked at 2.4mg/L during this filter run. For a 200 mg/L nitrate feed, complete denitrification was achieved in the woodchip only column, effluent from the mixed and sand columns measured at 45 and 156 mg/L of nitrate, and 8 and 4 mg/L of nitrite respectively. A heterotrophic plate count gave counts of 9x103, 4.8x105, 9.9x104 and 3.3x105 cfu/mL for the feed, woodchip, sand, and mixed effluent filter streams at 200 mg/L nitrate feed.
Published: 2023
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33. Observation of $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow K\bar{K}J/\psi$ at center-of-mass energies from 4.189 to 4.600 GeV

Author: BESIII Collaboration, Ablikim, M., Achasov, M. N., Ahmed, S., Albrecht, M., Amoroso, A., An, F. F., An, Q., Bai, J. Z., Bakina, O., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Ban, Y., Bennett, D. W., Bennett, J. V., Berger, N., Bertani, M., Bettoni, D., Bian, J. M., Bianchi, F., Boger, E., Boyko, I., Briere, R. A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cakir, O., Calcaterra, A., Cao, G. F., Cetin, S. A., Chai, J., Chang, J. F., Chelkov, G., Chen, G., Chen, H. S., Chen, J. C., Chen, M. L., Chen, P. L., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. B., Chu, X. K., Cibinetto, G., Dai, H. L., Dai, J. P., Dbeyssi, A., Dedovich, D., Deng, Z. Y., Denig, A., Denysenko, I., Destefanis, M., De Mori, F., Ding, Y., Dong, C., Dong, J., Dong, L. Y., Dong, M. Y., Dou, Z. L., Du, S. X., Duan, P. F., Fang, J., Fang, S. S., Fang, X., Fang, Y., Farinelli, R., Fava, L., Fegan, S., Feldbauer, F., Felici, G., Feng, C. Q., Fioravanti, E., Fritsch, M., Fu, C. D., Gao, Q., Gao, X. L., Gao, Y., Gao, Y. G., Gao, Z., Garzia, I., Goetzen, K., Gong, L., Gong, W. X., Gradl, W., Greco, M., Gu, M. H., Gu, S., Gu, Y. T., Guo, A. Q., Guo, L. B., Guo, R. P., Guo, Y. P., Haddadi, Z., Han, S., Hao, X. Q., Harris, F. A., He, K. L., He, X. Q., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Heng, Y. K., Holtmann, T., Hou, Z. L., Hu, C., Hu, H. M., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Huang, G. S., Huang, J. S., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Z., Huang, Z. L., Hussain, T., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Ji, Q., Ji, Q. P., Ji, X. B., Ji, X. L., Jiang, X. S., Jiang, X. Y., Jiao, J. B., Jiao, Z., Jin, D. P., Jin, S., Johansson, T., Julin, A., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kang, X. L., Kang, X. S., Kavatsyuk, M., Ke, B. C., Khan, T., Kiese, P., Kliemt, R., Koch, L., Kolcu, O. B., Kopf, B., Kornicer, M., Kuemmel, M., Kuhlmann, M., Kupsc, A., Kühn, W., Lange, J. S., Lara, M., Larin, P., Lavezzi, L., Leiber, S., Leithoff, H., Leng, C., Li, C., Li, Cheng, Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, F. Y., Li, G., Li, H. B., Li, H. J., Li, J. C., Li, J. Q., Li, Jin, Li, Kang, Li, Ke, Li, Lei, Li, P. L., Li, P. R., Li, Q. Y., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. L., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. T., Liao, G. R., Lin, D. X., Liu, B., Liu, B. J., Liu, C. X., Liu, D., Liu, F. H., Liu, Fang, Liu, Feng, Liu, H. B., Liu, H. M., Liu, Huanhuan, Liu, Huihui, Liu, J. B., Liu, J. P., Liu, J. Y., Liu, K., Liu, K. Y., Liu, Ke, Liu, L. D., Liu, P. L., Liu, Q., Liu, S. B., Liu, X., Liu, Y. B., Liu, Z. A., Liu, Zhiqing, Long, Y. F., Lou, X. C., Lu, H. J., Lu, J. G., Lu, Y., Lu, Y. P., Luo, C. L., Luo, M. X., Luo, T., Luo, X. L., Lyu, X. R., Ma, F. C., Ma, H. L., Ma, L. L., Ma, M. M., Ma, Q. M., Ma, T., Ma, X. N., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. M., Maas, F. E., Maggiora, M., Malik, Q. A., Mao, Y. J., Mao, Z. P., Marcello, S., Messchendorp, J. G., Mezzadri, G., Min, J., Min, T. J., Mitchell, R. E., Mo, X. H., Mo, Y. J., Morales, C. Morales, Morello, G., Muchnoi, N. Yu., Muramatsu, H., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Nefedov, Y., Nerling, F., Nikolaev, I. B., Ning, Z., Nisar, S., Niu, S. L., Niu, X. Y., Olsen, S. L., Ouyang, Q., Pacetti, S., Pan, Y., Papenbrock, M., Patteri, P., Pelizaeus, M., Pellegrino, J., Peng, H. P., Peters, K., Pettersson, J., Ping, J. L., Ping, R. G., Poling, R., Prasad, V., Qi, H. R., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qiao, C. F., Qin, J. J., Qin, N., Qin, X. S., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, J. F., Rashid, K. H., Redmer, C. F., Richter, M., Ripka, M., Rong, G., Rosner, Ch., Ruan, X. D., Sarantsev, A., Savrié, M., Schnier, C., Schoenning, K., Shan, W., Shao, M., Shen, C. P., Shen, P. X., Shen, X. Y., Sheng, H. Y., Shepherd, M. R., Song, J. J., Song, W. M., Song, X. Y., Sosio, S., Sowa, C., Spataro, S., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. F., Sun, S. S., Sun, X. H., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Y. K, Sun, Y. Z., Sun, Z. J., Sun, Z. T., Tang, C. J., Tang, G. Y., Tang, X., Tapan, I., Tiemens, M., Tsednee, B., Uman, I., Varner, G. S., Wang, B., Wang, B. L., Wang, D., Wang, D. Y., Wang, Dan, Wang, K., Wang, L. L., Wang, L. S., Wang, M., Wang, Meng, Wang, P., Wang, P. L., Wang, W. P., Wang, X. F., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. G., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Zongyuan, Weber, T., Wei, D. H., Weidenkaff, P., Wen, S. P., Wiedner, U., Wolke, M., Wu, L. H., Wu, L. J., Wu, Z., Xia, L., Xia, X., Xia, Y., Xiao, D., Xiao, H., Xiao, Y. J., Xiao, Z. J., Xie, Y. G., Xie, Y. H., Xiong, X. A., Xiu, Q. L., Xu, G. F., Xu, J. J., Xu, L., Xu, Q. J., Xu, Q. N., Xu, X. P., Yan, L., Yan, W. B., Yan, W. C., Yan, Y. H., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. X., Yang, L., Yang, Y. H., Yang, Y. X., Yang, Yifan, Ye, M., Ye, M. H., Yin, J. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, B. X., Yu, C. X., Yu, J. S., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yuncu, A., Zafar, A. A., Zallo, A., Zeng, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. X., Zhang, B. Y., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. Q., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. T., Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yao, Zhang, Yu, Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, G., Zhao, J. W., Zhao, J. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Ling, Zhao, M. G., Zhao, Q., Zhao, S. J., Zhao, T. C., Zhao, Y. B., Zhao, Z. G., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, B., Zheng, J. P., Zheng, W. J., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, B., Zhou, L., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. K., Zhou, X. R., Zhou, X. Y., Zhou, Y. X., Zhu, J., Zhu, K., Zhu, K. J., Zhu, S., Zhu, S. H., Zhu, X. L., Zhu, Y. C., Zhu, Y. S., Zhu, Z. A., Zhuang, J., Zotti, L., Zou, B. S., and Zou, J. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We investigate the process $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow K\bar{K}J/\psi$ at center-of-mass energies from 4.189 to 4.600 GeV using 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross sections for the reactions $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}J/\psi$ and $K_{S}^{0} K_{S}^{0} J/\psi$ are measured as a function of center-of-mass energy. The energy dependence of the cross section for $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}J/\psi$ is shown to differ from that for $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}J/\psi$ in the region around the $Y(4260)$. In addition, there is evidence for a structure around 4.5 GeV in the $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}J/\psi$ cross section that is not present in $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}J/\psi$., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2018
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34. The Application of Bio-pd(0) as a Biogenic Cathode in a Microbial Fuel Cell

Author: Khanyisile B. Malunga-Makatu, Evans N. Chirwa, and Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: The increasing concerns of climate change, energy generation, storage, consumption, and water pollution are topics that are gaining attention within modern research fields. This has led to numerous researchers devoting their efforts to developing green technologies that will alleviate these challenges with technologies that are energy efficient, cost-effective, and have low to no carbon dioxide emission. One of the most promising emerging technologies is the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) as bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment is simultaneously achieved during microbial metabolism. However, MFCs are still incompatible with high energy demands due to practical limitations. The overall performance of an MFC depends on the microorganism, appropriate electrode materials, and suitable MFC designs. This work aims to improve the performance of an air-cathode MFC by optimizing the cathode electrode through the introduction of bio-Pd(0) as a catalyst. A consortium of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) isolated from a wastewater treatment plant and Pd(II) was used to fabricate the bio-Pd(0) catalyst through the reduction of Pd(II) by the consortium. The catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which revealed the presence of Pd(0) deposits on the cell surface of the bacteria. Following fabrication, the bio-Pd(0) catalyst was introduced to the cathode, and the MFC recorded a maximum power density of 0.044 mW m-3 and a peak voltage of 215.5 mV.
Published: 2023
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35. Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol using Visible light Activated Ag-AgBr-Hydrotalcite Composite

Author: Lehlogonolo S. Tabana and Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Water pollution is one of the persistent environmental challenges that continues to impact numerous communities worldwide. As such, several sustainable remediation technologies have been developed over the years to increase water supply through reuse. Visible light activated photocatalysis is one such technology that aptly remediates refractory organic pollutants from various water matrices. In this study, a composite Ag-AgBr-LDH photocatalyst was synthesized. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were elucidated using a range of characterization techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the material was tested on simulated phenol contaminated water, and degradation efficiencies as high as 92% were achieved at neutral pH and a catalyst loading of 2 g/L. The synthesized photocatalyst nanocomposite material proved to be a feasible catalyst for degradation of phenolic contaminants in water under visible light irradiation.
Published: 2023
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36. Evidence for $e^{+}e^{-} \to \gamma\eta_c(1S)$ at center-of-mass energies between 4.01 and 4.60 GeV

Author: BESIII Collaboration, Ablikim, M., Achasov, M. N., Ahmed, S., Albrecht, M., Alekseev, M., Amoroso, A., An, F. F., An, Q., Bai, J. Z., Bai, Y., Bakina, O., Ferroli, R. Baldini, Ban, Y., Bennett, D. W., Bennett, J. V., Berger, N., Bertani, M., Bettoni, D., Bian, J. M., Bianchi, F., Boger, E., Boyko, I., Briere, R. A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cakir, O., Calcaterra, A., Cao, G. F., Cetin, S. A., Chai, J., Chang, J. F., Chelkov, G., Chen, G., Chen, H. S., Chen, J. C., Chen, M. L., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. B., Chu, X. K., Cibinetto, G., Dai, H. L., Dai, J. P., Dbeyssi, A., Dedovich, D., Deng, Z. Y., Denig, A., Denysenko, I., Destefanis, M., De Mori, F., Ding, Y., Dong, C., Dong, J., Dong, L. Y., Dong, M. Y., Dorjkhaidav, O., Dou, Z. L., Du, S. X., Duan, P. F., Fang, J., Fang, S. S., Fang, X., Fang, Y., Farinelli, R., Fava, L., Fegan, S., Feldbauer, F., Felici, G., Feng, C. Q., Fioravanti, E., Fritsch, M., Fu, C. D., Gao, Q., Gao, X. L., Gao, Y., Gao, Y. G., Gao, Z., Garillon, B., Garzia, I., Goetzen, K., Gong, L., Gong, W. X., Gradl, W., Greco, M., Gu, M. H., Gu, S., Gu, Y. T., Guo, A. Q., Guo, L. B., Guo, R. P., Guo, Y. P., Haddadi, Z., Han, S., Hao, X. Q., Harris, F. A., He, K. L., He, X. Q., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Heng, Y. K., Holtmann, T., Hou, Z. L., Hu, C., Hu, H. M., Hu, T., Hu, Y., Huang, G. S., Huang, J. S., Huang, S. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. Z., Huang, Z. L., Hussain, T., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Ji, Q., Ji, Q. P., Ji, X. B., Ji, X. L., Jiang, X. S., Jiang, X. Y., Jiao, J. B., Jiao, Z., Jin, D. P., Jin, S., Jin, Y., Johansson, T., Julin, A., Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N., Kang, X. L., Kang, X. S., Kavatsyuk, M., Ke, B. C., Khan, T., Khoukaz, A., Kiese, P., Kliemt, R., Koch, L., Kolcu, O. B., Kopf, B., Kornicer, M., Kuemmel, M., Kuhlmann, M., Kupsc, A., Kühn, W., Lange, J. S., Lara, M., Larin, P., Lavezzi, L., Leithoff, H., Leng, C., Li, C., Li, Cheng, Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, F. Y., Li, G., Li, H. B., Li, H. J., Li, J. C., Li, Jin, Li, K., Li, K. J., Li, Lei, Li, P. L., Li, P. R., Li, Q. Y., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. L., Li, X. N., Li, X. Q., Li, Z. B., Liang, H., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. T., Liao, G. R., Lin, D. X., Liu, B., Liu, B. J., Liu, C. X., Liu, D., Liu, F. H., Liu, Fang, Liu, Feng, Liu, H. B., Liu, H. H., Liu, H. M., Liu, J. B., Liu, J. Y., Liu, K., Liu, K. Y., Liu, Ke, Liu, L. D., Liu, P. L., Liu, Q., Liu, S. B., Liu, X., Liu, Y. B., Liu, Z. A., Liu, Zhiqing, Long, Y. F., Lou, X. C., Lu, H. J., Lu, J. G., Lu, Y., Lu, Y. P., Luo, C. L., Luo, M. X., Luo, X. L., Lyu, X. R., Ma, F. C., Ma, H. L., Ma, L. L., Ma, M. M., Ma, Q. M., Ma, T., Ma, X. N., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. M., Maas, F. E., Maggiora, M., Malik, Q. A., Mao, Y. J., Mao, Z. P., Marcello, S., Meng, Z. X., Messchendorp, J. G., Mezzadri, G., Min, J., Min, T. J., Mitchell, R. E., Mo, X. H., Mo, Y. J., Morales, C. Morales, Morello, G., Muchnoi, N. Yu., Muramatsu, H., Mustafa, A., Nefedov, Y., Nerling, F., Nikolaev, I. B., Ning, Z., Nisar, S., Niu, S. L., Niu, X. Y., Olsen, S. L., Ouyang, Q., Pacetti, S., Pan, Y., Papenbrock, M., Patteri, P., Pelizaeus, M., Pellegrino, J., Peng, H. P., Peters, K., Pettersson, J., Ping, J. L., Ping, R. G., Pitka, A., Poling, R., Prasad, V., Qi, H. R., Qi, M., Qi, T. . Y., Qian, S., Qiao, C. F., Qin, N., Qin, X. S., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, J. F., Rashid, K. H., Redmer, C. F., Richter, M., Ripka, M., Rolo, M., Rong, G., Rosner, Ch., Sarantsev, A., Savrié, M., Schnier, C., Schoenning, K., Shan, W., Shao, M., Shen, C. P., Shen, P. X., Shen, X. Y., Sheng, H. Y., Shepherd, M. R., Song, J. J., Song, W. M., Song, X. Y., Sosio, S., Sowa, C., Spataro, S., Sun, G. X., Sun, J. F., Sun, L., Sun, S. S., Sun, X. H., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Y. K, Sun, Y. Z., Sun, Z. J., Sun, Z. T., Tang, C. J., Tang, G. Y., Tang, X., Tapan, I., Tiemens, M., Tsednee, B. T., Uman, I., Varner, G. S., Wang, B., Wang, B. L., Wang, D., Wang, D. Y., Wang, Dan, Wang, K., Wang, L. L., Wang, L. S., Wang, M., Wang, P., Wang, P. L., Wang, W. P., Wang, X. F., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. G., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. Y., Weber, T., Wei, D. H., Wei, J. H., Weidenkaff, P., Wen, S. P., Wiedner, U., Wolke, M., Wu, L. H., Wu, L. J., Wu, Z., Xia, L., Xia, Y., Xiao, D., Xiao, H., Xiao, Y. J., Xiao, Z. J., Xie, X. H., Xie, Y. G., Xie, Y. H., Xiong, X. A., Xiu, Q. L., Xu, G. F., Xu, J. J., Xu, L., Xu, Q. J., Xu, Q. N., Xu, X. P., Yan, L., Yan, W. B., Yan, W. C., Yan, Y. H., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. X., Yang, L., Yang, Y. H., Yang, Y. X., Ye, M., Ye, M. H., Yin, J. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, B. X., Yu, C. X., Yu, J. S., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yuncu, A., Zafar, A. A., Zeng, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. X., Zhang, B. Y., Zhang, C. C., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. Q., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. Z., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. T., Zhang, Yu, Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, G., Zhao, J. W., Zhao, J. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Ling, Zhao, M. G., Zhao, Q., Zhao, S. J., Zhao, T. C., Zhao, Y. B., Zhao, Z. G., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, B., Zheng, J. P., Zheng, W. J., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, B., Zhou, L., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. K., Zhou, X. R., Zhou, X. Y., Zhu, J., Zhu, K., Zhu, K. J., Zhu, S., Zhu, S. H., Zhu, X. L., Zhu, Y. C., Zhu, Y. S., Zhu, Z. A., Zhuang, J., Zou, B. S., and Zou, J. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present first evidence for the process $e^+e^-\to \gamma\eta_c(1S)$ at six center-of-mass energies between 4.01 and 4.60~GeV using data collected by the BESIII experiment operating at BEPCII. These data sets correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 4.6~fb$^{-1}$. We measure the Born cross section at each energy using a combination of twelve $\eta_c(1S)$ decay channels. Because the significance of the signal is marginal at each energy ($\le3.0\sigma$), we also combine all six energies under various assumptions for the energy-dependence of the cross section. If the process is assumed to proceed via the $Y(4260)$, we measure a peak Born cross section $\sigma_{\mathrm{ peak}}(e^+e^-\to\gamma\eta_c(1S)) = 2.11 \pm 0.49 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.36 (\mathrm{syst.})$~pb with a statistical significance of 4.2$\sigma$., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2017
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37. Measurement of the beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ photoproduction on the proton at $E_\gamma = 9$ GeV

Author: GlueX Collaboration, Ghoul, H. Al, Anassontzis, E. G., Austregesilo, A., Barbosa, F., Barnes, A., Beattie, T. D., Bennett, D. W., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Briscoe, W. J., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B. E., Chernyshov, O., Chudakov, E., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dugger, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Egiyan, H., Eugenio, P., Fanelli, C., Foda, A. M., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gerasimov, A., Gevorgyan, N., Goetzen, K., Goryachev, V. S., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hardin, J., Henderson, A., Huber, G. M., Ireland, D. G., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kamel, M., Klein, F. J., Kliemt, R., Kourkoumeli, C., Kuleshov, S., Kuznetsov, I., Lara, M., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Levine, W. I., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Lyubovitskij, V., Mack, D., Mattione, P. T., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McCracken, M., McGinley, W., McIntyre, J., Mendez, R., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mokaya, F., Moriya, K., Nerling, F., Nigmatkulov, G., Ochoa, N., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Patsyuk, M., Pedroni, R., Pennington, M. R., Pentchev, L., Peters, K. J., Pooser, E., Pratt, B., Qiang, Y., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenova, I. A., Seth, K. K., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Sparks, N., Staib, M. J., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Subedi, A., Tarasov, V., Taylor, S., Teymurazyan, A., Tolstukhin, I., Tomaradze, A., Toro, A., Tsaris, A., Vasileiadis, G., Vega, I., Walford, N. K., Werthmuller, D., Whitlatch, T., Williams, M., Wolin, E., Xiao, T., Zarling, J., Zhang, Z., Zihlmann, B., Mathieu, V., and Nys, J.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of the photon beam asymmetry $\Sigma$ for the reactions $\vec{\gamma}p\to p\pi^0$ and $\vec{\gamma}p\to p\eta $ from the GlueX experiment using a 9 GeV linearly-polarized, tagged photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target in Jefferson Lab's Hall D. The asymmetries, measured as a function of the proton momentum transfer, possess greater precision than previous $\pi^0$ measurements and are the first $\eta$ measurements in this energy regime. The results are compared with theoretical predictions based on $t$-channel, quasi-particle exchange and constrain the axial-vector component of the neutral meson production mechanism in these models., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, Published in Physical Review C: Rapid Communication
Published: 2017
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38. The Present and Future of QCD: QCD Town Meeting White Paper -- An INput to the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author: Achenbach, P, primary, Adhikari, D, additional, Afanasev, A, additional, Afzal, F, additional, Aidala, C, additional, Al-bataineh, A, additional, Almaaloi, D, additional, Amaryan, M, additional, Androic, D, additional, Armstrong, W, additional, Arriatia, M, additional, Arrington, J, additional, Asaturyan, A, additional, Aschenauer, E, additional, Atac, H, additional, Avakian, H, additional, Averett, T, additional, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, additional, Bai, X, additional, Barish, K, additional, Barnea, N, additional, Basar, G, additional, Battaglieri, M, additional, Baty, A, additional, Bautista, I, additional, Bazilevsky, A, additional, Beattie, C, additional, Behera, S, additional, Bellini, V, additional, Bellwied, R, additional, Benesch, J, additional, Benmokhtar, F, additional, Bernardes, C, additional, Bernauer, J, additional, Bhatt, H, additional, Bhatta, S, additional, Boer, M, additional, Boettcher, T, additional, Bogacz, S, additional, Bossi, H, additional, Brandenburg, J, additional, Brash, E, additional, Briceno, R, additional, Briscoe, W, additional, Brodsky, S, additional, Brown, D, additional, Burkert, V, additional, Caines, H, additional, Cali, I, additional, Camsonne, A, additional, Carman, D, additional, Caylor, J, additional, Cerci, S, additional, Chamizo Llatas, M, additional, Chen, J, additional, Chen, Y, additional, Chien, Y, additional, Chou, P, additional, Chu, X, additional, Chudakov, E, additional, Cline, E, additional, Cloet, I, additional, Cole, P, additional, Conners, M, additional, Constantinou, M, additional, Cosyn, W, additional, Covrig Dusa, S, additional, Cruz-Torres, R, additional, D'Alesio, U, additional, da Silva, C, additional, Davoudi, Z, additional, Dean, C, additional, Dean, D, additional, Demarteau, M, additional, Deshpande, A, additional, Detmold, W, additional, Deur, A, additional, Devkota, B, additional, Dhital, S, additional, Diefenthaler, M, additional, Dobbs, S, additional, Doring, M, additional, Dong, X, additional, Dotel, R, additional, Dow, K, additional, Downie, E, additional, Drachenberg, J, additional, Dumitru, A, additional, Dunlop, J, additional, Dupre, R, additional, Durham, J, additional, Dutta, D, additional, Edwards, R, additional, Ehlers, R, additional, El Fassi, L, additional, Elaasar, M, additional, Elouadrhiri, L, additional, Engelhardt, M, additional, Ent, R, additional, Esumi, S, additional, Evdokimov, O, additional, Eyser, O, additional, Fanelli, C, additional, Fatemi, R, additional, Fernando, I, additional, Flor, F, additional, Fomin, N, additional, Frawley, A, additional, Federico, T, additional, Fries, R, additional, Gal, C, additional, Gamage, B, additional, Gamberg, L, additional, Gao, H, additional, Gaskell, D, additional, Geurts, F, additional, Ghandilyan, Y, additional, Gilman, R, additional, Gleason, C, additional, Gnanvo, K, additional, Gothe, R, additional, Greene, S, additional, Griesshammer, H, additional, Grossberndt, S, additional, Grube, B, additional, Hackett, D, additional, Hague, T, additional, Hakobyan, H, additional, Hansen, J, additional, Hatta, Y, additional, Hattawy, M, additional, Havener, L, additional, Hen, O, additional, Henry, W, additional, Higinbotham, D, additional, Hobbs, T, additional, Hodges, A, additional, Holmstrom, T, additional, Hong, B, additional, Horn, T, additional, Howell, C, additional, Huang, H, additional, Huang, M, additional, Huang, S, additional, Huber, G, additional, Hyde, C, additional, Isupov, E, additional, Jacobs, P, additional, Jalilian-Marian, J, additional, Jentsch, A, additional, Jheng, H, additional, Ji, C, additional, Ji, X, additional, Jia, J, additional, Jones, D, additional, Jones, M, additional, Kalantarians, N, additional, Kalicy, G, additional, Kang, Z, additional, Karthein, J, additional, Keller, D, additional, Keppel, C, additional, Khachartryan, V, additional, Kharzeev, D, additional, Kim, M, additional, Kim, Y, additional, King, P, additional, Kinney, E, additional, Klein, S, additional, Ko, H, additional, Koch, V, additional, Kohl, M, additional, Kovchegov, Y, additional, Krintiras, G, additional, Kubarovsky, V, additional, Kuhn, S, additional, Kumar, K, additional, Kutz, T, additional, Lajoie, J, additional, Lauret, J, additional, Lavrukhin, I, additional, Lawrence, D, additional, Lee, J, additional, Lee, K, additional, Lee, S, additional, Lee, Y, additional, Li, S, additional, Li, W, additional, Li, X, additional, Liao, J, additional, Lin, H, additional, Lisa, M, additional, Liu, K, additional, Liu, M, additional, Liu, T, additional, Liuti, S, additional, Liyanage, N, additional, Llope, W, additional, Loizides, C, additional, Longo, R, additional, Lorenzon, W, additional, Luo, X, additional, Ma, R, additional, McKinnon, B, additional, Meekins, D, additional, Mehtar-Tani, Y, additional, Melnitchouk, W, additional, Metz, A, additional, Meyer, C, additional, Meziani, Z, additional, Michaels, R, additional, Milner, R, additional, Mkrtchyan, H, additional, Mohanmurthy, P, additional, Mohanty, B, additional, Mokeev, V, additional, Mooney, I, additional, Morningstar, C, additional, Morrison, D, additional, Muller, B, additional, Mukherjee, S, additional, Mulligan, J, additional, Munoz Camacho, C, additional, Murillo Quijada, J, additional, Murray, M, additional, Nadeeshani, S, additional, Nadel-Turonski, P, additional, Nam, J, additional, Nattrass, C, additional, Nijs, G, additional, Norohna, J, additional, Noronha-Hostler, J, additional, Novitzky, N, additional, Nycz, M, additional, Olness, F, additional, Osborn, J, additional, Pak, R, additional, Pandey, B, additional, Paolone, M, additional, Papandreou, Z, additional, Paquet, J, additional, Park, S, additional, Paschke, K, additional, Pasquini, B, additional, Pasyuk, E, additional, Patel, T, additional, Patton, A, additional, Paudel, C, additional, Peng, C, additional, Peng, J, additional, Pereira Da Costa, H, additional, Perepelitsa, D, additional, Peters, M, additional, Petreczky, P, additional, Pisarski, R, additional, Pitonyak, D, additional, Ploskon, M, additional, Posik, M, additional, Poudel, J, additional, Pradhan, R, additional, Prokudin, A, additional, Pruneau, C, additional, Putschke, J, additional, Pybus, J, additional, Qiu, J, additional, Rajagopal, K, additional, Ratti, C, additional, Read, K, additional, Reed, R, additional, Richards, D, additional, Riedl, C, additional, Ringer, F, additional, Rinn, T, additional, Rittenhouse West, J, additional, Roche, J, additional, Rodas, A, additional, Roland, G, additional, Romero-Lopez, F, additional, Rossi, P, additional, Rostomyan, T, additional, Ruan, L, additional, Ruimi, O, additional, Saha, N, additional, Sahoo, N, additional, Sakaguchi, T, additional, Salazar, F, additional, Salgado, C, additional, Salme, G, additional, Salur, S, additional, Santiesteban, S, additional, Sargsian, M, additional, Sarsour, M, additional, Sato, N, additional, Satogata, T, additional, Sawada, S, additional, Schafer, T, additional, Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B, additional, Schenke, B, additional, Schindler, S, additional, Schmidt, A, additional, Seidl, R, additional, Sabestari, M, additional, Shanahan, P, additional, Shen, C, additional, Sheng, T, additional, Shepherd, M, additional, M Sickles, A, additional, Sievert, M, additional, Smith, K, additional, Song, Y, additional, Sorensen, A, additional, Souder, P, additional, Spareveris, N, additional, Srednyak, S, additional, Stahl Leiton, A, additional, Stasto, A, additional, Steinberg, P, additional, Stepanyan, S, additional, Stephanov, M, additional, Stevens, J, additional, Stewart, D, additional, Stewart, I, additional, Stojanovic, M, additional, Strakovsky, I, additional, Strauch, S, additional, Strickland, M, additional, Sunar Cerci, D, additional, Suresh, M, additional, Surrow, B, additional, Syritsyn, S, additional, Szczepaniak, A, additional, Tadepalli, A, additional, H Tang, A, additional, Tapia Takaki, J, additional, Tarnowsky, T, additional, Tawfik, A, additional, Taylor, M, additional, Tennant, C, additional, Thiel, A, additional, Thomas, D, additional, Tian, Y, additional, Timmins, A, additional, Tribedy, P, additional, Tu, Z, additional, Tuo, S, additional, Ullrich, T, additional, Umaka, E, additional, Ghimire, N, additional, Vary, J, additional, Velkovska, J, additional, Venugopalan, R, additional, Vijayakumar, A, additional, Vitev, I, additional, Vogelsang, W, additional, Vogt, R, additional, Vossen, A, additional, Voutier, E, additional, Vovchenko, V, additional, Walker-Loud, A, additional, Wang, F, additional, Wang, J, additional, Wang, X, additional, Weinstein, L, additional, Wenaus, T, additional, Weyhmiller, S, additional, Wissink, S, additional, Wojtsekhowski, B, additional, Wong, C, additional, Wood, M, additional, Wunderlich, Y, additional, Wyslouch, B, additional, Xiao, B, additional, Xie, W, additional, Xiong, W, additional, Xu, N, additional, Xu, Q, additional, Xu, Z, additional, Yaari, D, additional, Yao, X, additional, Ye, Z, additional, Yero, C, additional, Yuan, F, additional, Zajc, W, additional, Zhang, C, additional, Zhang, J, additional, Zhao, F, additional, Zhao, Y, additional, Zhao, Z, additional, Zheng, X, additional, and Zhou, J, additional
Published: 2023
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39. Improved performance and cost efficiency by surface area optimization of granular activated carbon in air-cathode microbial fuel cell

Author: Matsena, Mpumelelo T., Mabuse, Mziwenene, Tichapondwa, Shepherd M., and Chirwa, Evans M.N.
Published: 2021
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40. Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Using Visible-light-driven Porous g- C3N4 Nanosheets Catalyst

Author: Nothando A. Phakathi, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Tetracycline is one of the most widely prevalent antibiotics, and it is used for both veterinary and human medical care purposes. Tetracycline is not fully absorbed in the digestive tract of humans and animals, and it is estimated that approximately 50% is excreted through urine and faeces and enters the environment as the parent compound of one of its metabolites. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have been shown to be inefficient in degrading tetracycline resulting in bioaccumulation of the compound. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) such as heterogeneous photocatalysis have been shown to be an efficient and eco-friendly technology for the removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater. This study investigates the use of graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for the degradation of tetracycline in wastewater. The catalyst was synthesized through pyrocondensation polymerization. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of the desired material. The efficacy of the synthesized material was investigated using a batch reactor set-up under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The control adsorption experiments showed 4.4 % tetracycline removal after 2 h, while visible light photolysis resulted in 21.9 % degradation in the same period. These results were markedly lower than the 76.7 % degradation observed under visible light activated photocatalysis conditions. Process parameter optimization experiments revealed that a catalyst loading of 1 gL-1 and pH of 7.00 resulted in 77 % tetracycline degradation after 2 h of visible light irradiation.
Published: 2022
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41. Eco-friendly Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Medium Using Low Cost Sawdust-biochar Adsorbent

Author: Emmanuel Ichipi O., Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: This study reports on the facile synthesis and viability of sawdust-derived-biochar adsorbent for the effective removal of methylene blue dye pollutant from aqueous medium. The crystallinity, morphology and surface functional groups of the synthesised materials were determined using XRD, SEM and FTIR characterisation techniques. The adsorption efficiency of sawdust biochar was investigated by observing the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from an aqueous system while varying process parameters like the adsorbent loading and initial concentration. Results showed that the sawdust biochar achieved remarkable removal of 98.7 % MB in 90 minutes and a complete removal after 120 minutes. The adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-first-order kinetics model and had a R2 value higher than 0.97. Additionally, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, which points to monolayer adsorption, fit the results best and showed the material to have an adsorption capacity of 151.3 mg/g. Finally, the results obtained from this study depicts the efficiency of sawdust biochar in the removal of organic dye and points a way forward in achieving zero pollution and a toxic-free environment.
Published: 2022
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42. Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using CuS-doped ZnS Under Visible Light Irradiation

Author: Rachel Mugumo, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: This study investigates the photocatalytic activity of CuS/ZnS in the degradation of Rhodamine B, an azo dye in textile wastewater generated through processing operations in textile industries which provides significant socioeconomic benefits. Nanoporous nanocomposites were synthesised via a one-pot thermal decomposition method which exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity. The microstructure and composition of the prepared catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The degradation results showed that coupling pristine ZnS with the highly photosensitive CuS improved the photocatalytic degradation efficiency from 67 % to 88 % in 4 h under solar irradiation. This result clearly depicts the degradation efficacy improvement of ZnS when doped with CuS in rhodamine B degradation using visible light irradiation.
Published: 2022
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43. Palladium Phytoremediation and Phytomining Potential of Vetiver Grass (chrysopogon Zizanioides)

Author: Farai Masinire, Dorcas O. Adenuga, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Levels of palladium in the environment are on the rise due to anthropogenic activities. There is a need to remediate contaminated environments, while also recovering the precious metal (Pd(II)) in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner. The leading contributor of Pd and other catalytic metal pollution in the environment is the automotive industry where platinum group metals (PGMs) are used in catalytic converters. Recently, there is renewed interest in platinum and other PGMs due to their use in the cathode of fuel cells for hydrogen generation. In this study, the phytomining and phytoremediation potential of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) was investigated by assessing its removal and accumulation of Pd, and its tolerance towards elevated Pd concentrations. Vetiver grass was grown in Pd solutions with concentrations ranging from 10 – 120 ppm. The grass was harvested after a period of 20 d and separated into roots and shoots. The removal efficiency of Pd ranged from 80 % at 10 ppm initial concentration to 20 % at 120 ppm. The removal of Pd from the solution and accumulation in the plant was influenced by the initial Pd concentration. The highest accumulation achieved was 0.4 mg g-1 dry weight (DW) in the roots at 120 ppm. Low translocation factors
Published: 2022
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44. Effects of Initial pH and CuS/ZnS Loading in Rhodamine B Photodegradation Under Visible Light Irradiation

Author: Rachel Mugumo, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Copper sulphide doped zinc sulphide (CuS/ZnS) microporous aggregate nanocomposites were synthesised through one-step solid phase thermal decomposition method. This work focused on the effect of initial solution pH and catalyst loading on the degradation of rhodamine B dye using a CuS/ZnS photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Rhodamine B is a dye widely applied in the textile industry during the colouring process; however, its minute traces in water antagonistically affect the environment and all life forms. The physical and optical properties of the synthesised catalyst were characterised using techniques namely, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Optimum rhodamine B dye removal measured 97 % efficiency at 10 gL-1 loading after 2.5 h and complete mineralisation (100 % efficiency) at a pH of 1 after 4 h under visible irradiation. This study reports a promising CuS/ZnS heterogeneous photocatalyst in rhodamine B removal from wastewater.
Published: 2022
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45. Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Using WO3-based Particles

Author: Nompumelelo Z. Mzimela, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. N. Chirwa
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Bioaccumulation of synthetic organic dyes in wastewater as a result of industrial effluents is a growing concern. These dyes are known to be resistant to conventional biological water treatment processes. This has compelled the search for more effective and sustainable water treatment procedures. This work investigates the use of visible light active WO3-based photocatalysis as a possible technology for the removal of these dyes. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile chemical precipitation method. These particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) to confirm the crystallinity, elemental composition, structural morphology, and specific surface area. X-ray diffraction characterization revealed that the nature of the material was biphasic (WO3/WO3.0.5H2O). BET surface area analysis showed that upon calcination, the surface area increased from 0.1611 to 25.4 m2/g. Preliminary experiments showed that the degradation of Rhodamine B using WO3-based particles was highly pH dependent, with rapid degradation occurring under alkaline conditions. A pH of 9.5 was chosen for this study. A 96.1 % degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B was achieved at an optimum catalyst loading of 5 g/L after 4 h of irradiation.
Published: 2022
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46. First Results from The GlueX Experiment

Author: The GlueX Collaboration, Ghoul, H. Al, Anassontzis, E. G., Barbosa, F., Barnes, A., Beattie, T. D., Bennett, D. W., Berdnikov, V. V., Black, T., Boeglin, W., Brooks, W. K., Cannon, B., Chernyshov, O., Chudakov, E., Crede, V., Dalton, M. M., Deur, A., Dobbs, S., Dolgolenko, A., Dugger, M., Egiyan, H., Eugenio, P., Foda, A. M., Frye, J., Furletov, S., Gan, L., Gasparian, A., Gerasimov, A., Gevorgyan, N., Goryachev, V. S., Guegan, B., Guo, L., Hakobyan, H., Hakobyan2, H., Hardin, J., Huber, G. M., Ireland, D., Ito, M. M., Jarvis, N. S., Jones, R. T., Kakoyan, V., Kamel, M., Klein, F. J., Kourkoumeli, C., Kuleshov, S., Lara, M., Larin, I., Lawrence, D., Leckey, J., Levine, W. I., Livingston, K., Lolos, G. J., Mack, D., Mattione, P. T., Matveev, V., McCaughan, M., McGinley, W., McIntyre, J., Mendez, R., Meyer, C. A., Miskimen, R., Mitchell, R. E., Mokaya, F., Moriya, K., Nigmatkulov, G., Ochoa, N., Ostrovidov, A. I., Papandreou, Z., Pedroni, R., Pennington, M., Pentchev, L., Ponosov, A., Pooser, E., Pratt, B., Qiang, Y., Reinhold, J., Ritchie, B. G., Robison, L., Romanov, D., Salgado, C., Schumacher, R. A., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenova, I. A., Senderovich, I., Seth, K. K., Shepherd, M. R., Smith, E. S., Sober, D. I., Somov, A., Somov, S., Soto, O., Sparks, N., Staib, M. J., Stevens, J. R., Subedi, A., Tarasov, V., Taylor, S., Tolstukhin, I., Tomaradze, A., Toro, A., Tsaris, A., Vasileiadis, G., Vega, I., Voulgaris, G., Walford, N. K., Whitlatch, T., Williams, M., Wolin, E., Xiao, T., Zarling, J., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab ran with its first commissioning beam in late 2014 and the spring of 2015. Data were collected on both plastic and liquid hydrogen targets, and much of the detector has been commissioned. All of the detector systems are now performing at or near design specifications and events are being fully reconstructed, including exclusive production of $\pi^{0}$, $\eta$ and $\omega$ mesons. Linearly-polarized photons were successfully produced through coherent bremsstrahlung and polarization transfer to the $\rho$ has been observed., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Invited contribution to the Hadron 2015 Conference, Newport News VA, September 2015
Published: 2015
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47. Adsorption of phenol and chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using exfoliated graphite: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Author: Tshemese, Siyabulela J., Mhike, Washington, and Tichapondwa, Shepherd M.
Published: 2021
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48. Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye Using a CuS/ZnS p-n Heterojunction Nanocomposite under Visible-Light Irradiation

Author: Rachel Mugumo, Emmanuel Ichipi, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, and Evans M. Nkhalambayausi Chirwa
Subjects: CuS/ZnS, photocatalytic degradation, p-n heterojunction, thermal decomposition, one-pot combustion, rhodamine B dye, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate a new, simple, one-pot combustion synthesis technique for creating sulphur-based CuS/ZnS p-n heterojunction nanocomposite photocatalysts. This study examined the photocatalytic activity and reusability of these nanocomposites in removing rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible-light irradiation. Various methods of characterisation were employed to determine the properties of the materials, including particle morphology, crystalline phases, and bandgap energy. The intrinsic reaction parameters, such as catalyst loading, the pH level of the solution, and initial pollutant concentration, were varied to establish the optimal photodegradation conditions. The results showed that a binary CuS/ZnS catalyst with a 10 g L−1 loading, at pH 5, degraded 97% of 5 ppm RhB dye after 270 min of visible light irradiation. Additionally, this composite catalyst exhibited excellent chemical stability and reusability, achieving 83% RhB dye removal after five recycling runs. Scavenger tests identified the photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide free radicals (•O2) as the primary reactive species responsible for degradation. This study provides valuable insight into the design of highly efficient nanomaterials for removing organic pollutants in wastewater, and a possible reaction mechanism is proposed.
Published: 2023
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49. Improved chromium (VI) reduction performance by bacteria in a biogenic palladium nanoparticle enhanced microbial fuel cell

Author: Matsena, Mpumelelo T., Tichapondwa, Shepherd M., and Chirwa, Evans M.N.
Published: 2021
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50. Issues and Opportunities in Exotic Hadrons

Author: Briceno, R. A., Cohen, T. D., Coito, S., Dudek, J. J., Eichten, E., Fischer, C. S., Fritsch, M., Gradl, W., Jackura, A., Kornicer, M., Krein, G., Lebed, R. F., Machado, F. A., Mitchell, R. E., Morningstar, C. J., Peardon, M., Pennington, M. R., Peters, K., Richard, J. -M., Shen, C. -P., Shepherd, M. R., Skwarnicki, T., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P., and Yuan, C. -Z.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract: The last few years have been witness to a proliferation of new results concerning heavy exotic hadrons. Experimentally, many new signals have been discovered that could be pointing towards the existence of tetraquarks, pentaquarks, and other exotic configurations of quarks and gluons. Theoretically, advances in lattice field theory techniques place us at the cusp of understanding complex coupled-channel phenomena, modelling grows more sophisticated, and effective field theories are being applied to an ever greater range of situations. It is thus an opportune time to evaluate the status of the field. In the following, a series of high priority experimental and theoretical issues concerning heavy exotic hadrons is presented., Comment: White paper from INT workshop, "Modern Exotic Hadrons". References added. Version to appear in Chinese Physics C
Published: 2015
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