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Introduction. The growth of the domestic economy significantly depends on the level of entrepreneurial activity, which should be aimed at solving social problems. The active development of social entrepreneurship in the regions makes it possible to solve not only social problems, but also to fully influence national economic system by creating new jobs. Goal. To reveal the problems and prospects of the development of social entrepreneurship in Russia at the present stage. Materials and methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of information on the state of development and stimulation of social business in Russia as a whole and in individual regions, as well as a systematic analysis of the process of formation and support of this type of business. Results and discussion. In the course of the work, the existing models of social entrepreneurship development in Russia are revealed, a graphical representation of its most common directions is given and the main incentive mechanisms at the federal and regional levels are identified, global problems preventing its accelerated formation are identified. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that social entrepreneurship, as a direction of the state economic policy, if successfully implemented, will not only be able to effectively solve the problems of society, but also create the foundation for a broader formation of the middle class.

Introduction. With the increasing number of electrical loads with non-linear volt-ampere characteristic, there are problems with distortion of the shape of the supply voltage and current curve. These distortions can lead to undesirable effects such as network overload, harmonic distortion, unacceptable voltage and current ripple, etc. Goal. To investigate non-sinusoidal modes of operation of electrical equipment in the power supply system to predict the quality of electrical energy and develop measures to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of electrical equipment in power supply systems. Materials and methods. The simulation model developed in MATLAB/Simulink software complex allows to analyze the operation of the power supply system with semiconductor converters under different conditions and predict its behaviour under different loads and external influences. Results and discussion. In the course of work it was found that in the absence of reactive power compensation devices, the levels of the total coefficient of higher harmonic components of voltage KU(n), in the power supply system with 12-pulse converter exceed the permissible values during 95% of the measurement interval time in accordance with GOST 32144-2013 (in the connection points of 6 kV). The values of the coefficient of the n-th harmonic component of voltage at 11, 13, 23, 25, 35 37 harmonics in some cases exceed the permissible values during 100% of the measurement interval time. When using compensation means (batteries of static capacitors, resonant filter), the values of the total coefficients of voltage harmonic components do not exceed the permissible values. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it is clear that the widespread use of rectifier devices leads to a significant distortion of the voltage curve. However, it should be noted that the existing GOST regulates only the value of harmonic components of voltage and does not take into account the harmonic components of current, which in turn also have a detrimental effect on the elements of the electrical network.

Currently, the agricultural market offers a wide range of winter wheat varieties of domestic breeding. However, due to climate warming and the increasing frequency of arid years, it is urgent to develop varieties with wide adaptability, large productivity potential and grain quality. The purpose of the current study was to identify new genetic sources of winter common wheat with a complex of favorable gene alleles that control grain quality traits. In 2022–2023 there was studied the collection of 26 winter common wheat varieties from breeding institutions of the Rostov region and Krasnodar region using generally accepted breeding techniques. There was carried out an analysis of technological quality traits and identification of loci associated with these traits using KASP-markers developed at the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (Kazakhstan). The varieties developed by the Federal Rostov ARC generated the largest productivity (341 g/m2) with less accumulation of protein and gluten (14.2 and 29.5 %), and, on the contrary, the varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” and the National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko were characterized by higher percentage of protein and gluten (15.5–15.7 and 33.2–34.4 %), but lower productivity (244–276 g/m2). The varieties ‘Donskoy Mayak’, ‘Konkurent’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Rostovchanka 7’, ‘Duplet’ and the line ‘K 18918’ were distinguished by the best technological traits of grain (protein >15 %, gluten > 30 %, gluten index > 85 % and sedimentation ≥ 53 %) and many favorable alleles of SNP loci associated with these features. The varieties ‘Donna’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Donskaya Lira’ exceeded the standard ‘Omskaya 4’ (368–378 g/m2) in productivity, but their allelic variants of the identified markers were lower. There have been identified the varieties ‘Donna’, ‘Zolushka’, ‘Donskaya Lira’ (Federal Rostov ARC), ‘Donskoy Mayak’, ‘Konkurent’, ‘Nakhodka’, ‘Rostovchanka 7’ (ARC “Donskoy”), ‘Duplet’, ‘line K 18918’ (“National Grain Center named after P. P. Lukyanenko”) with the maximum number of favorable alleles (10–11), associated with technological quality traits, recommended for improving winter wheat varieties in terms of grain quality.

Objective This study compared the costs and nursing time associated with the delivery of continuous infusion of antibiotics via elastomeric infusion pumps (EIP) versus conventional intermittent infusion (CII) across different care pathways.Design Retrospective real-world data informed a cost comparison analysis that compared costs and nursing hours between infusion of antibiotics via EIP versus CII across eight care pathways in inpatient or outpatient care during infection episodes. Real-world data were obtained from patients treated within a year with parenteral antimicrobial therapy in Päijät-Häme Region, Finland.Setting Inpatient care with hospital admission and outpatient care at hospital at home in Päijät-Häme Region in Finland.Participants 3778 patients with a total of 4214 infection episodes treated with intravenous antimicrobial therapy.Interventions Eight treatment strategies with various combinations of EIP and CII administered in inpatient or outpatient care.Primary and secondary outcome measures Direct costs and nursing time.Results Skin and soft tissue infections accounted for the highest number of episodes treated with EIP overall (30.8%; 74 out of 240 episodes) and in outpatient care specifically (53.3%; 128 out of 240 episodes). Compared with inpatient care costs with CII (€4590 per episode), treating skin and soft tissue infections in outpatient care with EIP or CII incurred only 24% (€1104) and 35% (€1620) of the costs, respectively. Across all treatment strategies and infections studied, the use of EIP consistently required less nursing time. The highest nursing time in the outpatient care was observed in sepsis episodes treated with CII (37 hours with CII vs 7 hours with EIP per episode).Conclusion Delivery of antimicrobial therapy using continuous infusions with EIP instead of CII can significantly decrease the nursing time and cost in both inpatient and outpatient care. For skin and soft tissue infections and sepsis, the utilisation of EIP is a cost-saving option in outpatient care compared with the use of CII.

The paper presents the results of a numerical simulation for sodium fluid dynamics and mixing in the tubing system of an air-cooled heat exchanger (AHX), which is a part of the emergency cooldown system (ECS) of sodium fast reactors (SFRs). Non-uniform sodium flows in the AHX tubing system may lead to the mixing of different-temperature sodium flows, temperature fluctuations and tube breaks. It was found in the course of investigating accidents involving breaks in the PFR and Phénix reactor AHX tubing systems that the failure was caused by the metal temperature fluctuations (Cruickshank and Judd 2005). The numerical simulation used three- and one-dimensional computer codes. It has been found that the calculations of the AHX sodium flow rate distribution with a practically acceptable accuracy can be performed using a one-dimensional code. The factors that influence the non-uniform distribution of sodium flows in the AHX tubing system have been analyzed. Calculations have been performed for the AHX sodium flow distributions and for the mixing of different-temperature sodium flows in the AHX outlet header. The results are presented from calculating the amplitude of sodium fluctuations near the AHX header walls. The effect from shutting down several modules on the non-uniform flow distribution and temperature fluctuations in the AHX has been investigated. Approximations of numerical solutions have been obtained for the sodium flow distribution as a function of the number of the modules shut down.

This study investigated an alternative mechanism of transcription termination that occurs independently of polyadenylation. We focused on a non-canonical transcription terminator (NTT) identified in the mod(mdg4) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Using a developed model system, we demonstrated that the minimal functional unit of the NTT consists of 79 nucleotides that form a specific secondary RNA structure. Our results indicate that transcripts generated from the NTT exhibit reduced stability and are hindered in their export to the cytoplasm. An NTT from the distantly related species D. willistoni could function as a transcription terminator in D. melanogaster cells, highlighting the importance of conserved motifs for NTT functionality. At the same time, the NTT did not function in human cells, suggesting that the interaction of the NTT with specific protein factors is required to terminate transcription.

Due to the increasing world population and consumer desire for sustainable and nutritious protein sources, the food industry is currently experiencing tremendous pressure to develop innovative, sensorially acceptable, health-promoting plant-based products. Plant proteins, specifically pulse proteins arise as a healthy and sustainable protein source for food applications. However, the use of pulse protein is challenged by its intrinsic undesirable aroma often described as beany, grassy, and green. These off notes can be inherent, i.e. generated from plant metabolism, or produced during processing and/or storage and encompass a broad variety of chemical classes. Since aroma plays a major role in consumer acceptance and eating habits and due to its chemical complexity, proper analytical methods must be used for its assessment. Considering that the effectiveness of an analytical method is significantly influenced by its sample preparation step, this review focuses on sample preparation techniques for monitoring the volatile profile of pulse proteins, their advantages, and disadvantages, while concurrently highlighting the potential of novel technologies for advancing this critical application.

The technology is based on recording the focal activity (FA) of the olfactory bulb (OB) of rats upon the exposure rats to trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapors in the concentration 4.7 x 10.sup.-15 g/cm.sup.3, separately and in a mixture with saturated vapors of a complex interference composed of spices. The focal activity of the rat olfactory bulb was recorded using an array of 16 special electrodes implanted in the dorsal part of the rat olfactory bulb. The setup contained a box with a rat, sources of vapors (odorants), a multichannel digital system for recording electrical signals from an electrode array, and software performing algorithms for recognizing and classifying odorants presented to the rat. One source of TNT vapors was a device for batch volumetric preparation with a concentration of about 10.sup.-15 g/cm.sup.3, and another source was a source with a concentration of 4.7 x 10.sup.-15 g/cm.sup.3 in an air flow presented to rats. Data from 25 tests showed a 100% probability of detecting TNT vapors of the specified concentrations in pure air and also in the presence of a complex odor interference in the form of vapors from a mixture of red pepper, coriander, tobacco, etc., which, as a rule, mask the smell of TNT for animals., Author(s): V. N. Kiroy [sup.1] , P. O. Kosenko [sup.1] , I. E. Shepelev [sup.1] , I. V. Shcherban [sup.1] , A. B. Smolikov [sup.1] , F. V. Arsenyev [sup.2] [...]

The paper proposes applying a precise and low-cost internal combustion engine (ICE) diagnostic method based on acceleration and rundown characteristics. We developed an engine test stand based on and selected diagnostic tools to record acceleration-rundown parameters: a DBD-4 gasoline engine loader and USB Autoscope 4. We established that the injector feed rate significantly affects acceleration time, while the wear of the cylinder-piston group (CPG) significantly affects the acceleration time of the ICE crankshaft. When CPG wear was 28%, acceleration time increased to 15 s, and when the wear was 5% - to 3s. The rundown time significantly depends on the outlet resistance and increases with an increase in the degree of CPG wear. Applying the developed method reduced the fuel consumption of the test engine by 21%.

Objective. Development of practical recommendations for creating an effective information security incident response system. Method. The article includes an analysis of existing methods and tools for detecting and analyzing information security incidents, as well as a study of the consequences of such incidents and their impact on the work of a company or organization. Result. Development of a set of practical recommendations aimed at creating an effective information security incident response system. During the analysis of existing methods and tools for the detection and analysis of information security incidents, the most effective and adapted approaches were identified. These methods include both technical means of detection and rapid incident response processes. The recommendations were created taking into account the characteristics of companies and organizations of various industries and are also intended for use by persons who do not have deep knowledge in the field of information security. The recommendations include clear step-by-step instructions, resources and tips that will allow companies to easily implement the proposed measures in their practice. Conclusion. The development of an effective information security incident response system is critically important for companies and organizations, as they face an increasing number of cyber-attacks and threats to information security. Creating an effective information security incident response system is an integral part of a successful business strategy. The developed practical recommendations have the potential to significantly reduce the risks and damage associated with information security, even for companies and organizations without prior experience in this field. These recommendations focus not only on technical aspects, but also on organizational measures to ensure timely detection, analysis and response to incidents.

Background. Improving the grain quality of modern spring bread wheat cultivars is a highly relevant task of breeding. To solve this problem, old and local wheat varieties (landraces) are of considerable interest. A rich collection of them is available among the plant genetic resources preserved at VIR. With this in view, the aim of this research was to identify sources of high protein, gluten, macro- and micronutrient content out of the landraces from the VIR collection for improvement of wheat grain quality through breeding.Materials and methods. Field and laboratory research were conducted in the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2020–2021. Sowing was carried out on fallow on conventional sowing dates. Mineral composition in the grain of the studied landraces was analyzed at the Kurchatov Genomic Center, Novosibirsk, using atomic absorption spectrometry techniques.Results. The research results showed that landraces from different regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan were characterized by high levels of protein (18.4–18.8%) and gluten (35.9–36.0%) in grain. Landraces from Kazakhstan had low Zn content (on average 38.3 mg/kg), while those from Kyrgyzstan, on the contrary, had high content of Zn (41.9 mg/kg) and Fe (55.1 mg/kg), and landraces from Tajikistan had high K content (3820 mg/kg). A positive relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn was found in the grain of wheat landraces.Conclusion. Wheat landraces are of interest as genetic resources for the development of high-protein cultivars with improved nutritional value of grain for the milling and breadmaking industries.

The article analyzes technological development of the oil and gas industry in Russian Federation under international sanctions, as well as the directions of technology development and equipment production. The article purpose is to identify ways to achieve technological sovereignty in the industry. Patent statistics and construction of patent landscapes is considered as a method of choosing the direction of technological development. The study object is Russian oil and gas companies, while the main attention is paid to companies producing and distributing liquefied natural gas. The study subject is application of patent statistics for identifying trends and directions of technological development of the industry. The study result is determination of industry leaders, and the most promising areas of research in the field of means and methods of liquefied natural gas transportation, methods of its liquefaction or curing, as well as storage equipment. The article draws conclusions about the most promising technologies and patent trends, such as the creation of mobile plants for production of liquefied natural gas , including the construction of its own fleet of gas carriers and floating plants for the gas liquefaction to provide access to the infrastructure of offshore fields. In addition, for rapid development of new markets, the use of floating terminals for regasification is proposed. Approaches to assessing the innovation activity and competitiveness of companies have been considered.

Existing human genome assemblies have almost entirely excluded repetitive sequences within and near centromeres, limiting our understanding of their organization, evolution, and functions, which include facilitating proper chromosome segregation. Now, a complete, telomere-to-telomere human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13) has enabled us to comprehensively characterize pericentromeric and centromeric repeats, which constitute 6.2% of the genome (189.9 megabases). Detailed maps of these regions revealed multimegabase structural rearrangements, including in active centromeric repeat arrays. Analysis of centromere-associated sequences uncovered a strong relationship between the position of the centromere and the evolution of the surrounding DNA through layered repeat expansions. Furthermore, comparisons of chromosome X centromeres across a diverse panel of individuals illuminated high degrees of structural, epigenetic, and sequence variation in these complex and rapidly evolving regions.

Peptides from heptad repeat (HR1 and HR2) regions of gp41 are effective inhibitors of HIV-1 entry that block the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, but the generation of antibodies highly specific for these peptides is challenging. We have previously described a mouse hybridoma that recognizes MT-C34-related peptides derived from HR2. It was used for the selection of HIV-1-resistant CD4 lymphocytes engineered to express the MT-C34 peptide via a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in into the CXCR4 locus. In this study, we cloned variable domains of this antibody and generated a recombinant chimeric antibody (chAb) by combining it with the constant regions of the humanized antibody Trastuzumab. The new chAb displayed a high specificity and two-fold higher level of affinity than the parental mouse monoclonal antibody. In addition, chAb mediated up to 27–43% of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity towards cells expressing MT-C34 on their surface. The anti-MT-C34 chAb can be easily generated using plasmids available for the research community and can serve as a valuable tool for the detection, purification, and even subsequent elimination of HIV-1-resistant CD4 cells or CAR cells engineered to fight HIV-1 infection.