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Ätherische Öle sind als sehr interessant und leistungsfähige natürliche Produkte geworden, die einen großen medizinischen Wert haben. Deshalb haben viele Wissenschaftler vor kurzem die Aufmerksamkeit auf die potenzielle Rolle der Ätherische Öle in Pädiatrie und Geriatrie gemacht. In den letzten Jahren sind mehrere Präparate der Ätherische Öle bei den Kindertherapien angewandt worden als Hauptbestandteil, weil sie eine breite Palette von deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten haben, die auch gut dokumentiert und in der Volksmedizin bekannt sind. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit, in der die wissenschaftlichen Studien von 2000 bis 2015 zussamengefasst worden sind, liegt vor allem auf die Wirkungen verschiedener Ätherische Öle bei der Behandlung oder zumindest bei der Reduzierung der schweren Symptome von verschiedenen Kinderkrankheiten wie, akute Infektionen der Atemwege, Hirnhautentzündung, Durchfall und Magen-Darm-Infektionen, infantile Kolik, Husten und Bronchitis, Epilepsie, AufmerksamkeitsDefizit-hyperaktive Störung und akute Mittelohrentzündung. Aufgrund der minimalen Nebenwirkungen und begrenzten Wechselwirkungen der Ätherische Öle mit anderen Medikamenten gewinnen sie derzeit ein größes Intresse für ihre Anwendungen bei der Behandlung von älteren Patienten. In diesem Review bieten verschiedene Ätherische Öle den älteren Patienten eine mögliche Behandlung für verschiedene Krankheiten aufgrund deren unterschiedlichen biologischen Aktivitäten, wie Anti-Diabetes, Hyperlipidämie, Anti-osteoporotische, Anti-arthritische, Antihypertensive, Anti-atherogenen und Anti-thromobotic Aktivitäten. Zussamenfassend sind die medizinischen Verwendungen der Ätherische Öle in der Pharmazeutischen Industrie sehr populär geworden, daher werden sie in der Zukunft bei der Behandlung von verschiedenen Krankheiten in Pädiatrie und Geriatrie an Bedeutung gewinnen., Essential oils (EOs) are considered as very interesting and powerful natural products which have a great medicinal value. Therefore, many scientists have recently paid the total attention to the potential role of EOs in paediatry and geriatry. In the last few years, several preparations applied EOs as a principle ingredient in children therapies, due to a wide range of their uses which are also good documented and well-known in folk medicine. The focus of this review, which comprises the scientific studies mainly from 2000 up to 2015, is directed to show the effect of different EOs in treating or at least reducing the severity of the symptoms of various children’s diseases such as, acute respiratory tract infections, meningitis, diarrhea and gastrointestinal infections, infantile colic, cough and bronchitis, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactive disorder and acute otitis media. In addition, EOs attracted the attention to deal with older patients, due to their minimum side effects and limited drug interactions. In this review, various EOs offer a potential treatment for several diseases, due to their different biological activities, e.g. anti-diabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, anti-arthritic, antihypertensive, anti-atherogenic and anti-thromobotic activities. Collectively, the medicinal use of EOs in the pharmaceutical industry has become very popular. Therefore, they are gaining more importance in the future in the treatment of several diseases in paediatry and geriatry.

Pubic rami fractures are common. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These fractures are usually classified as stable injuries and traditionally receive limited orthopaedic input. Management typically involves hospital admission and early input from physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Early mobilisation is advocated as a central part of managing these patients, with emphasis on secondary prevention. We report a case diagnosed as minimally displaced inferior pubic ramus fracture in a patient with an ipsilateral total hip replacement (THR). The patient was mobilised early and despite analgesia continued to complain of groin pain. Repeat radiographs showed a fracture of the acetabulum with displacement of the acetabular component of the hip replacement. We advocate early orthopaedic input for all pubic rami fractures, particularly in patients with hip arthroplasty, and thorough investigation including a CT scan of the pelvis to exclude acetabular extension prior to mobilisation.

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008

This thesis considers wireless multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems in block flat-fading environments. It develops novel designs of transmission and reception schemes for single-user and multi-user systems. The designs are developed under different models for the information about the communication channel that is available at the transmitter. For single-user systems, the thesis studies the class of non-linear MIMO transceivers that implement sequential interference (pre-) subtraction, namely transceivers with Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) and transceivers with decision feedback equalization (DFE). For these transceivers a novel design framework is developed to unify the design of these two dual systems when channel state information (CSI) is available at both the transmitter and the receiver. The framework encompasses a broad range of performance criteria, and generates closed-form expressions for the optimal designs under these criteria. The framework reveals that a single transceiver design is optimal for a large subclass of these performance criteria and shows that this unique optimal design is (strictly) superior to the corresponding optimal linear transceiver for the same performance criterion. The framework also characterizes another class of design criteria for which the optimal non-linear transceiver reduces to the optimal linear transceiver for the same criterion. This novel design framework brings the design of non-linear MIMO transceivers to a level of maturity similar to the linear counterparts, and will impact the design of practical wireless communication systems that implement these interference subtraction schemes. The framework is then generalized to the case of DFE transceivers that satisfy an additional zero-forcing (ZF) constraint and operate in a "limited feedback" regime in which CSI is available only to the receiver and there is a limited rate feedback channel between the receiver and the transmitter. The proposed limited feedback system is the first that involves a "precoded" DFE transceiver. The multi-user part of the thesis develops multi-user transceivers that are robust to uncertainties in the available information about the users' channels. These uncertainties are inevitable in most practical multi-user communication systems, and can result in significant performance degradation. The first component of the multi-user part develops robust broadcast channel transceivers with quality of service (QoS) requirements for communication scenarios with bounded channel uncertainty at the transmitter. It formulates design problems for QoS requirements that can be expressed as constraints on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) of each user, or as constraints on the mean square error (MSE) each user's received signal. For both formulations, convex and efficiently solvable design approaches are proposed. These design approaches are used to derive solutions to other related design problems, such as robust counterparts of the fair broadcasting problem. The second component of the multi-user part develops robust designs for multiuser transceivers that minimize different MSE criteria subject to a power constraint. The designs are obtained for different models of channel uncertainty: stochastic uncertainty models and bounded uncertainty models. For each channel uncertainty model, the robust multi-user designs are developed for both linear and non-linear MIMO transceivers, for both broadcast channels (BC) and multiple access channels (MAC). Simulation studies demonstrate the impact of the proposed robust designs on the performance of multi-user systems, and show that by incorporating robustness in the design one can significantly reduce the sensitivity of these systems to channel uncertainty and mitigate its deleterious effects. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)