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Chiral Au nanorods (c-Au NRs) with diverse architectures constitute an interesting nanospecies in the field of chiral nanophotonics. The numerous possible plasmonic behaviors of Au NRs can be coupled with chirality to initiate, tune, and amplify their chiroptical response. Interdisciplinary technologies have boosted the development of fabrication and applications of c-Au NRs. Herein, we have focused on the role of chirality in c-Au NRs which helps to manipulate the light-matter interaction in nontraditional ways. A broad overview on the chirality origin, chirality transfer, chiroptical activities, artificially synthetic methodologies, and circularly polarized applications of c-Au NRs will be summarized and discussed. A deeper understanding of light-matter interaction in c-Au NRs will help to manipulate the chirality at the nanoscale, reveal the natural evolution process taking place, and set up a series of circularly polarized applications.

This study aimed to explore the influence of gardenia yellow on in vitro wheat starch digestion.

From a geometrical perspective, a chiral object does not have mirror planes or inversion symmetry. It exhibits the same physical properties as its mirror image (enantiomer), except for the chiroptical activity, which is often the opposite. Recent advancements have identified particularly interesting implications of chirality on the optical properties of metal nanoparticles, which are intimately related to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena. Although such resonances are usually independent of the circular polarization of light, specific strategies have been applied to induce chirality, both in assemblies and at the single-particle level. In this tutorial review, we discuss the origin of plasmonic chirality, as well as theoretical models that have been proposed to explain it. We then summarise recent developments in the synthesis of discrete nanoparticles with plasmonic chirality by means of wet-chemistry methods. We conclude with a discussion of promising applications for discrete chiral nanoparticles. We expect this tutorial review to be of interest to researchers from a wide variety of disciplines where chiral plasmonics can be exploited at the nanoparticle level, such as chemical sensing, photocatalysis, photodynamic or photothermal therapies, etc.

Scope Phaseolus vulgaris L. is rich in alpha‐amylase inhibitor and has been used for reducing glycemia and calories absorption through preventing or delaying the digestion of complex carbohydrate. A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study was conducted on obese volunteers to evaluate the degree of significate weight loss by regular intake Phaseolus vulgaris cultivated from Southwestern region of China. Method The volunteers were divided into two groups, homogeneous for age, gender, and body weight. Phaseolus vulgaris extract or placebo was given 2,400 mg per day before each daily meal for 35 consecutive days. Each subject's body weight, fat mass, body mass index, blood biochemical parameters, skinfold fat thickness, and waist/hip circumferences were monitored and analyzed. Result and conclusion As a result, the average amount of weight lost by the Phaseolus vulgaris extract group was 2.24 kg (average of 0.448 kg per week), compared with a 0.29 kg weight loss (average of 0.058 kg per week) in placebo group after 35 days. The differences between groups were significant (p, A Phaseolus vulgaris extract produced from Southwestern region of China reduces body weight gain in obese subjects. There is no serious side effects report following consumption of Phaseolus vulgaris extract. Phaseolus vulgaris extract has the potential to induce weight loss caused by carbohydrates through its alpha‐amylase inhibiting activity.

This study aimed to explore the influence of gardenia yellow on

The controllability of size and morphology of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) makes such materials promising and reliable for their performance in a range of fields. In order to obtain well-defined metal NPs for the desired applications, careful control of the evolution of nucleation and growth process by adjusting the thermodynamics and kinetic conditions is necessary. Actually, proteins acting as a green type of reducing and capping agents can drive the shape evolution of metal NPs in a controllable and precise manner. Thanks to the diverse functional chemical groups inside the proteins, proteins will be able to act in both of the above-mentioned roles. In order to extensively understand the role of proteins and peptides as reducing and capping agents during the metal NP synthesis approaches, we have summarized the current status of this topic in this chapter. For instance, the synthetic methodologies of noble metal NPs with tunable and excellent properties have gained extensive attention because of the numerous advantages of protein-enabled approaches. Importantly, the role of sequence (binding motif, strength and specificity), conformation/configurations, pH values and concentrations of peptides and proteins on the synthesis of metal NPs has been explored. This chapter will help the readers to better understand the processes involved in the tailoring of the size and morphology of noble metal NPs via protein-enabled approaches.

The main phenol in mate and coffee, 5-caffeoylquinic-acid (5-CQA), and its relevant microbial metabolites, dihydrocaffeic (DHCA) and dihydroferulic (DHFA) acids, have shown oxidative-stress protective effects in HepG2 cells. To evaluate possible endothelial-protective effects of the extracts and compounds, endothelial EA.hy926 cells were pre-treated with yerba mate (YME) and green coffee bean (GCBE) phenolic extracts, 5-CQA, DHCA and DHFA and afterwards stressed with tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then oxidative-stress markers and endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase levels were studied. TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 24 h) depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) and eNOS levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activities, and protein oxidation (carbonyl groups, CG) in EA.hy926 cells. Pre-treatment with YME, GCBE, 5-CQA, DHCA at certain physiological concentrations, lowered ROS production, recovered depleted GSH, reduced GR and GPx activities, and CG levels, and enhanced eNOS concentration.. YME, GCBE and 5-CQA show antioxidant effects in endothelial cells playing DHCA an important role in such protection; moreover, the extracts, 5-CQA, DHCA and DHFA increased eNOS levels., This work was supported by projects AGL2010-18269 and AGL2015-69986-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, and project PIE-201670E061 funded by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC). Shenli Wang thanks the Chinese Government for her PhD Scholarship.

Red grape pomace (RGP) is a major winery by-product with interesting applications due to its high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Effects of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and storage on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of RGP were studied. RGP polyphenols were stable under stomach-mimicking conditions and more sensitive to small intestine conditions, reducing anthocyanins and flavonols. After 3- and 6-month storage, at either 4 or 25 °C, there were no changes in the total phenolic and condensed tannin content, or antioxidant capacity (evaluated by ABTS, FRAP, ORAC assays); however, after 9 months these parameters decreased. Contrarily, chromatic b* values were higher, thus the samples had more intense red color, which may be related to the increased condensed tannin content. Storage time or temperature induced no changes in microbiological load. RGP preserves high antioxidant capacity after storage and in vitro digestion and thus presents potential as a functional ingredient or nutraceutical., This research has been funded by Projects AGL2010-18269, CSD2010-00063 and INCOMES. S. W. would like to thank the Chinese Government for her PhD Scholarship and M. A-B. would like to thank the CSIC and European Social Funds for financing her JAEdoc contract in the period 2011–2014.

With summer time coming close, the heat exchanger fouling on air conditioning system of Chinese civil aircraft often causes air conditioning failure, which affects normal flight. And on-site cleaning is able to avoid the complexity of disassembly and installation while cleaning. In order to study the influence of the water-spraying atomization and detergent-spraying atomization on on-site cleaning, the transformation on the heat exchanger performance test stand is conducted, during which an atomizing cleaning system is added. This test stand compares the effectiveness of the two on-site cleaning methods, and obtains the application conditions of on-site cleaning by analyzing the mechanism of cleaning.

This work aimed at studying the effects of green coffee bean (GCBE) and yerba mate (YME) extracts, their main phenolic components (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA; 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-DCQA) and metabolites (ferulic acid, FA; caffeic acid, CA; dihydrocaffeic acid, DHCA; and dihydroferulic acid, DHFA) along with caffeine (CAF) on the viability and proliferation of different human cell lines. Extracts (10–1000 μg/mL) and standards (10–1000 μM) were assayed in colon (Caco-2), lung (A549), oesophageal (OE-33), urinary bladder (T24) human carcinoma cells, and a non-cancer cell line (CCD-18Co). YME significantly reduced viability of cancer cells at all assayed concentrations, the higher doses also reducing cell proliferation. GCBE effects on cell viability were more effective at 100 and 1000 μg/mL, showing modest effects on cell proliferation. The highest doses of 5-CQA and 3,5-DCQA reduced cell viability and proliferation in all cell lines, whereas FA, DHCA and DHFA had lower and variable effects. Caffeine had no effect. Dietary-attainable concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL) of YME were tested for cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generation, showing no cytotoxic effect. Low concentrations of all tested compounds were non-cytotoxic to CCD-18Co cells. [Conclusion]: YME and to a lower degree GCBE, their phenolic components and metabolites may decrease cancer cell viability and proliferation., This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO-FEDER), projects AGL2010-18269 and AGL2015-69986-R and by CSIC, project PIE-201670E061. M. A-B. thanks CSIC and European Social Funds for financing her JAEdoc contract in the period 2011–2014. S. W. thanks the China Scholarship Council for her PhD grant.