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The Avesta and the Rig Veda, our earliest sources for the Indo-Iranian religious tradition, contain ideas and elements with both aniconic and iconic potential. The cultic iconography in Western and Eastern Iran developed in a remarkably different manner. While the Achaemenian and Sasanian cults were aniconic, Eastern Iranian people, like the Kushans and the Sogdians, not only made use of portrayals of their gods in human form, but also venerated their man-made representations in temples. This article suggests that the reason for this sharp distinction in the nature of the cult between Western and Eastern Iran is the impact of acculturated Greek religious practices, which was much stronger in the East than in the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the presence of Jewish Diaspora in the pre-Islamic Iran and in Central Asia based on the inscription found in an ossuary that is believed to contain the bones of a woman brought from abroad for burial in Jerusalem by her son called Artaka. Topics include the inscription as the archaeological evidence associated with the Parthian Diaspora and its pilgrimages to Jerusalem, the presence of Jewish community in pre-Islamic Iran, and the widespread ossuaries in Central Asia.