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This work proposes a material selection decision-making method for multi-material lightweight body driven by performance to achieve that the right materials are used for the correct positions of the automotive body. The internal relationship between performance and mass, cross-sectional shape, wall thickness parameters, and material properties of a thin-walled structure is studied. The lightweight material indices driven by performance are then established. The lightweight material indices and material price are taken as the decision-making criteria for the material selection of automotive body components. A hybrid weighting method integrated with the analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, and quality function deployment is proposed. The difficulty of quantitatively evaluating the performance requirements of different components of the body is solved using the proposed weighting method combined with the numerical analytical results of the component performance under multiple operating conditions of the automotive body. Then, the weight of the decision-making criteria for material selection is calculated. Grey relational analysis is used to make multicriteria decision-making on a variety of candidate materials to select the best material for body components. After the lightweight material selection of the front longitudinal beam of the automotive body, the frontal collision safety performance of the body is effectively improved, and the mass of the front longitudinal beam is reduced by 45%. Material selection result of the front longitudinal beam indicates that the proposed material selection decision-making method can effectively achieve the fast material selection of components in different positions of the body.

This study proposes a hybrid optimisation method integrating contribution analysis, Entropy weight Technique for Ordering Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (E-TOPSIS), design of experimen...

To collaboratively improve the lightweight and frontal collision safety performance of the automobile body, the material–structure–performance integrated multi-objective optimization design of the front-end structure was implemented in this study. The hybrid weight–grey relational analysis (HW–GRA) method was proposed to address the problem that the Pareto optimal compromise solution of multi-objective optimization cannot be easily selected. The design variables of the material and structural parameters were recorded through material type coding and model parameterization. To satisfy the basic static–dynamic performance constraints of the body, the RSM–Kriging surrogate model, design of experiments, and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm were used to optimize the material and structural parameters to improve the lightweight and crashworthiness of the body. The Pareto optimal compromise solution was determined using the HW–GRA method. The decision result of the proposed method was more robust and rational than those of single weighting techniques combined with GRA and hybrid weighting approach combined with TOPSIS. After the multi-objective optimization and decision-making, the basic static–dynamic performance of the body demonstrated a change of less than 2.0%, which satisfied the constraint requirements. The mass of the body was reduced by 2.4 kg, and the frontal collision safety performance of the body was significantly improved.

Discriminative detection of invasive and noninvasive breast cancers is crucial for their effective treatment and prognosis. However, activatable probes able to do so in vivo are rare. Herein, we report an activatable polymeric reporter (P-Dex) that specifically turns on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent and photoacoustic (PA) signals in response to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) overexpressed in invasive breast cancer. P-Dex has a renal-clearable dextran backbone that is linked with a NIR dye caged with an uPA-cleavable peptide substrate. Such a molecular design allows P-Dex to passively target tumors, activate NIR fluorescence and PA signals to effectively distinguish invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer from noninvasive MCF-7 breast cancer, and ultimately undergo renal clearance to minimize the toxicity potential. Thus, this polymeric reporter holds great promise for the early detection of malignant breast cancer.

In vivo simultaneous visualization of multiple biomarkers is critical to accurately diagnose disease and decipher fundamental processes at a certain pathological evolution, which however is rarely exploited. Herein, a multimodal activatable imaging probe (P

Recovery of uranium from high-level liquid wastes (HLWs) is of vital importance for sustainable nuclear energy. However, inherent high acidity, strong radioactivity and massive nuclear fission products are the major challenges for efficient extraction of uranium from HLWs. In this work, a new approach is reported for potential uranium extraction from HLWs using conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) bearing ethylphosphate ligands (CMP-EP) as sorbents. CMP-EP with a BET surface area of 58.2 m2 g−1 is prepared by the Suzuki coupling reaction of 1,3,5-tris(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzene and 2,7-dibromo-9,9′-bis(diethyl propylphosphonate)fluorene. HRTEM and SEM characterization shows that CMP-EP sheets possess an overlapping flaky morphology. The uranium sorption arises inside the pores of the material as confirmed by depth-profiling XPS of CMP-EP before and after adsorption. CMP-EP exhibits excellent binding selectivity for uranium(VI) ions with a high sorption capability of 73 mg U per g in 6 M HNO3 solutions, and outstanding reusability for adsorption when regenerated with alkaline solutions. Thanks to its rigid π-conjugated skeleton, the CMP-EP after γ-ray irradiation of 1000 kGy in 6 M HNO3 shows no dramatic changes in structure, sorption capacity and selectivity. The sorption mechanism is studied by XPS and FTIR measurements revealing that uranyl ions tend to form complexes such as UO2(NO3)2 in 6 M HNO3, and then bind to PO groups of phosphonate ligands. This work represents the first example for effective recovery of uranium from HLWs using functional CMPs as sorbents.

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging agents detect disease tissues and biomarkers with increased penetration depth and enhanced spatial resolution relative to traditional optical imaging, and thus hold great promise for clinical applications. However, existing PA imaging agents often encounter the issues of slow body excretion and low-signal specificity, which compromise their capability for in vivo detection. Herein, a fluoro-photoacoustic polymeric renal reporter (FPRR) is synthesized for real-time imaging of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). FPRR simultaneously turns on both near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and PA signals in response to an AKI biomarker (γ-glutamyl transferase) with high sensitivity and specificity. In association with its high renal clearance efficiency (78% at 24 h post-injection), FPRR can detect cisplatin-induced AKI at 24 h post-drug treatment through both real-time imaging and optical urinalysis, which is 48 h earlier than serum biomarker elevation and histological changes. More importantly, the deep-tissue penetration capability of PA imaging results in a signal-to-background ratio that is 2.3-fold higher than NIRF imaging. Thus, the study not only demonstrates the first activatable PA probe for real-time sensitive imaging of kidney function at molecular level, but also highlights the polymeric probe structure with high renal clearance. Ministry of Education (MOE) Nanyang Technological University K.P. thanks Nanyang Technological University (Start-Up grant: M4081627), Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (2017-T1-002-134, RG147/17; 2019-T1-002-045, RG125/19), and Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (MOE2018-T2-2-042) for the financial support. Q.M. thanks National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81901803), Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professorship, and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190811).

ARIA is a new block cipher designed as the block cipher standard of South Korea. The current version is 1.0, which is an improvement of version 0.8 with the security using four kinds of S -boxes instead of two and an additional two rounds of encryptions. These improvements are designed to prevent the dedicated linear attack on ARIA version 0.8 by the four different kinds of S -boxes. This paper presents 12 linear approximations of a single round function that succeeds in attacking ARIA version 1.0 on 7, 9, or 9 rounds for key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits using any of these approximations. The corresponding data complexities are 2 87 , 2 119 , and 2 119 , the counting complexities are 1.5×2 88 , 2 119 , and 2 119 , the memory required for each attack on all three key versions is 2 64 bits and there are 12 weak key classes. These results are similar to the dedicated linear attack on ARIA version 0.8 and show that the improved version can also not effectively resist this type of attack.

Both eyes of flatfishes are located on one side of the body due to asymmetrical eye migration. The molecular mechanisms underlying such asymmetry is poorly understood. As an initial step, we have adopted suppression subtractive hybridization for the identification of upregulated genes during metamorphosis involving eye migration in Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olicaceus. One of the upregulated genes was identified as the splicing factor arginine/serine rich-3 (SFRS3). Sequence analysis of SFRS3 revealed that it encodes a protein of 168 amino acids containing the typical eukaryotic RNA recognition motif (RRM) and an arginine/serine-rich region. The overall amino acid sequences of the Japanese flounder SFRS3 was highly conserved with that of other organisms. The expression of flounder SFRS3 gene increased sharply from the beginning of metamorphosis and reached a high level of expression at stage H of metamorphosis 43 days after hatching. The SFRS3 gene upregulation was mainly limited to the head region, particularly in the rapidly proliferative tissues, the lateral ethmoid and "skin thickness" on blind side, which are thought as two proliferative tissues to push the eye movement. In spite of the upregulated expression of SFRS3 during metamorphosis, its role in metamorphosis involving eye migration requires further studies.

MPEG-7 standard describes visual descriptors and performance metrics for image classification. Amongst all image features, color and texture are more visually expressive and hence are attractive for visual descriptors. Further, combination of features makes image classification more relevant and robust. This paper proposes efficient methods for image classification using 3 MPEG-7 descriptors to represent color and texture features. Additionally, we apply Support Vector Machine and Fuzzy algorithm to extract linguistic fuzzy rules, in order to bridge the "semantic gap" between the lower-lever descriptors and the high-level semantic of an image. The Support Vector Machine Fuzzy Network was evaluated using images from the aceMedia Repository and more specifically in a beach/urban scenes classification problem.

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is a method recovering secret key by getting rid of the keys that satisfy impossible differential relations. This cryptanalysis has been used to attack AES and many good results were gotten. For the new block cipher ARIA is similar to AES in structure, it is necessary to research its security against impossible differential cryptanalysis. We find a new impossible differential property of the block cipher ARIA, and we propose an attack against ARIA reduced to six rounds based on this property. In our attack, 10 bytes of round keys are needed to be guessed instead of 12 bytes in the previous one, so the time complexity is reduced by 216 times. It needs 2120 chosen plaintexts and 296 encryptions in our attack.

Workflow Management System is used for supporting many day-to-day workflows in large organizations. But heterogeneous and distributed computing systems make security management of WFMS decentralized, thus its security must be noticed. In this paper, we propose a role-based secure workflow model which realizes the principle of separation of duties (SoD), the principle of least privilege, integrity, authorization and availability. We also portray the whole model as a multi-layered architecture with a multi- layered state graph for expressing and analyzing the flow of authorization. The layers are, respectively, role layer, task layer, control layer and data layer.