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1. Offline data processing system of the BESIII experiment

Author

Jiaheng Zou, Weidong Li, Qiumei Ma, Zhengyun You, Shengsen Sun, Ziyan Deng, Xiaobin Ji, Alexy Zhemchugov, Wenxing Fang, Chengdong Fu, Kanglin He, Xingtao Huang, Tao Lin, Chunxiu Liu, Huaimin Liu, Zepu Mao, Jinfa Qiu, Yongzhao Sun, Shuopin Wen, Linghui Wu, Liangliang Wang, Ye Yuan, Yao Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, and Guang Zhao

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The BESIII experiment has been operating since 2009 and has received several upgrades, to study the $$\tau $$ τ -charm physics utilizing the BEPCII accelerator. The BEPCII is a double-ring multi-bunch collider with a luminosity of $$1 \times 10^{33} \, {\text {cm}}^{-2} \, {\text {s}}^{-1}$$ 1 × 10 33 cm - 2 s - 1 optimized at a center-of-mass (cms) energy of $$2 \times 1.89$$ 2 × 1.89 GeV. The rich physics topics, long lifetime and the large volume of data present challenges to offline data processing. This paper describes the design and implementation of the offline software system to meet the requirements and challenges of BESIII, including offline software architecture, geometry management, database management, event data model and tag-based analysis.

Published
2024
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2. Performance Study of a New Cluster Splitting Algorithm for the Reconstruction of PANDA EMC Data

Author

Ziyu Zhang, Guang Zhao, Shengsen Sun, Qing Pu, Chunxiu Liu, Chunxu Yu, Dong Liu, Hang Qi, Guangshun Huang, Tobias Stockmanns, Beijiang Liu, Fei Wang, Yitong Zhang, and Xiaoyan Shen

Subjects
calorimeter, energy reconstruction, cluster splitting algorithm, Physics, QC1-999, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

For high-energy π0 mesons, the angle between the two final-state photons decreases with the increase in the energy of the π0, which enhances the probability of overlapping electromagnetic showers. The performance of the cluster splitting algorithm in the EMC reconstruction is crucial for the mass resolution measurement of π0 with high energy. The cluster splitting algorithm is based on the theoretical lateral distribution of the electromagnetic showers. A simple implementation of the lateral distribution can be described as a (multi-)exponential function. In a realistic electromagnetic calorimeter, considering the granularity of the detector, the measured energy in a cell is actually the integral of the theoretical energy deposition, which deviates from the exponential function. Based on the simulation of the barrel EMC in the P¯ANDA experiment, a cluster splitting algorithm with a new lateral energy development function is developed. The energy resolution of overlapping showers with high energy has been improved.

Published
2022
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3. Digitization modeling of a CGEM detector based on Garfield++ simulation

Author

Shengsen Sun, Nan-Nan Miao, Zhen Huang, Huai-Min Liu, Liang-Liang Wang, Xin-Chou Lou, Tong Sun, Wei-Guo Li, Ryan E. Mitchell, Ling-Hui Wu, Yao Zhang, Ye Yuan, and Jing-Yi Zhao

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Lorentz transformation, Detector, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Ansys software, symbols, Gas electron multiplier, Multiplication, Software system, Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, Digitization
Abstract

Background The Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) is one of the candidates for the replacement of the current BESIII inner drift chamber, which has developed serious aging effects due to beam-related backgrounds. Purpose To build a full digitization model, it is necessary to understand the electron drift behavior and signal induction. Methods A simulation study based on Garfield++ and ANSYS software has been performed. Results Parameters describing the Lorentz angle, diffusion effect, drift time, multiplication, and induction are obtained from the Garfield++ simulation. Based on these results, a preliminary digitization model is implemented in the BESIII offline software system.

Published
2020

4. Search for intermediate resonances and dark gauge bosons in J/ψ→γπ0η′

Author

Kun Zhang, M. Richter, Xinying Song, M. Bertani, B. J. Liu, L. Yang, T. Holtmann, Hai-Bo Li, C. L. Luo, Yuanbo Chen, Marcel Rump, B. Zhong, Ryan Mitchell, Lei Li, Ulrich Wiedner, Andreas Pitka, Viktor Rodin, Qiao Zhou, L. J. Wu, H. J. Lu, Jiawen Zhang, C.-H. Rosner, Gang Chen, Tao Hu, M. X. Luo, D. V. Dedovich, Z. Y. Wang, Qian Liu, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, Yajun Mao, J. F. Chang, Y. S. Zhu, I. Garzia, Johannes Bloms, Chengwei Wang, Khurelbaatar Begzsuren, F. Feldbauer, X. K. Zhou, R. Kliemt, Kai Zhu, K. Goetzen, M. Maggiora, Ling Zhao, Sebastian Jaeger, Chang-Zheng Yuan, Y. J. Mo, V. Prasad, S. H. Zhu, Gang Li, Yubin Zhao, Fang Liu, L. L. Wang, X. W. Tang, Zongyuan Wang, Tao Yu, Yongjie Sun, Houbing Jiang, Thomas Lenz, X.S. Li, H. X. Yang, Bo Zheng, Viktor Thorén, Iman Keshk, Feng Liu, J. C. Chen, Sifan Zhang, X. A. Xiong, M. Rolo, Zhenyu Zhang, Xiang Liu, Jacek Biernat, M. Kuemmel, Ming Qi, W. Gradl, Fengcai Ma, Y. Bai, Xuan Zhang, Zhenjun Xiao, A. Mangoni, Xianglei Zhu, Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Xinyu Shan, Lingyun Liu, I. Denysenko, Yang Gao, X. S. Jiang, P. Weidenkaff, Jie Yu, H. R. Qi, Mengzhen Wang, Hailong Ma, Will Imoehl, Lei Zhao, P. Kiese, Bing Liu, X. Y. Jiang, Xiao Cai, A. A. Zafar, M. J. Chen, Zhonghua Qin, Q. Ouyang, Bin Wang, Huihui Liu, Yi Fang, Jianbin Jiao, I. B. Nikolaev, Bing-Song Zou, Jiaheng Zou, Mathew Glenn Kurth, G. A. Chelkov, Alexander Gilman, J. H. Yin, R. A. Briere, Yunpeng Lu, Tong Liu, Yongzhao Sun, S. S. Fang, O. Bakina, P. R. Li, X. S. Qin, M. Albrecht, T. J. Min, Jingwen Li, Y. B. Liu, H. Y. Sheng, Jens Soeren Lange, Suyu Xiao, Y. T. Gu, Serkant Ali Cetin, Q. An, G. Y. Tang, Q. J. Li, Li Zhou, Z. L. Hou, F. H. Heinsius, Yasemin Schelhaas, Xiaodong Shi, G. S. Huang, K. H. Rashid, Z.Q. Zhang, J. G. Messchendorp, X. R. Zhou, Xingtao Huang, Hao Cai, Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli, Muzaffar Irshad, J. P. Dai, Stephen Lars Olsen, Xiongfei Wang, Xuan Wang, H. S. Chen, Michela Greco, J. W. Zhao, C. B. Zhang, Weishuai Cheng, Huanhuan Liu, Y. Pan, Tobias Weber, D. X. Lin, A. Sarantsev, Klaus Peters, D. H. Wei, Jing Chen, Jing Dong, J. Chai, Meng Wang, Cheng Li, Xin Shi, J. J. Xu, Longzhou Liao, Ming Shao, Y. Z. Sun, Sneha Malde, Thomas Held, Jian Zhuang, Yuehong Xie, J. V. Bennett, Xiaokang Zhou, L. G. Xia, F. Cossio, Fengfei Sui, Jialun Ping, C. F. Liu, Yingchun Zhu, Qingqing Song, Y. J. Zhang, Evelina Gersabeck, Alexey Zhemchugov, M. H. Ye, Xiaoqing Yuan, B. T. Tsednee, Dapeng Jin, H. Y. Zhang, Wanling Chang, Z. Jiao, Fu-Hu Liu, Shuang Han, P. X. Shen, Jingzhi Zhang, K. J. Zhu, Peirong Li, Fabrizio Bianchi, Zhigang Wang, Mathilde Himmelreich, Bingxin Zhang, X. Y. Shen, Yanjia Xiao, Xinchou Lou, Yingrui Hou, Jingwei Zhao, Cui Li, Zhenghao Zhang, L. Y. Dong, Weiping Wang, Yifan Yang, Liang Liu, C. Sowa, Dahua Zhang, Jianbei Liu, M. Y. Dong, S. P. Wen, Xiaoyan Ma, Xinchen Dai, Y. X. Yang, Ning Cao, Duanyou Chen, Y. Nefedov, R. P. Guo, Y. H. Xie, Q. P. Ji, Yun Zeng, S. Gu, Cong-Feng Qiao, Zhibing Li, F. A. Harris, X. B. Ji, L. Koch, A. Khoukaz, Jiada Lu, H. Leithoff, S. Ahmed, J. Min, Kanglin He, F. Nerling, Boxiang Yu, W. Shan, S. Liu, A. Q. Guo, P. L. Wang, Y.Y. Zhang, Francesca De Mori, X. L. Luo, Krishnakumar Ravindran, Aonan Zhu, N. Y.-U. Muchnoi, Y. H. Zheng, B. Kopf, Stefano Lusso, X. S. Kang, Lipeng Zhou, Zhiqing Liu, Y. Q. Wang, Qiang Zhao, S. Nisar, Y. Hu, Pengwei Luo, Kai Liu, Liang Sun, Stefano Spataro, Magnus Wolke, Junfeng Sun, G. Cibinetto, Zhengguo Zhao, X. Q. Hao, Wenjing Zhu, Yong Ban, Rongxing Yang, C. Dong, S. Sosio, J. L. Hu, L. Yan, Haijun Yang, Shuangli Yang, P. Larin, T. Hussain, D. Y. Wang, Hongbang Liu, Junguang Lu, Yangheng Zheng, Y. Guo, J. F. Qiu, X. P. Xu, Z. L. Dou, Dianyu Liu, Q. J. Xu, Yong Ding, G. R. Liao, Yu Lu, J. M. Zhang, Ziyuan Li, Zhaoxia Meng, B. Q. Wang, M. H. Gu, L. H. Wu, Yuqing Wang, W. X. Gong, J. Li, S. Marcello, Xiaofei Cui, Ye Yuan, Dong Liu, L. L. Ma, Y. F. Liang, L. Gong, Libo Guo, O. B. Kolcu, L. Z. Wang, J. Liu, M. Ye, X. H. Mo, L. Fava, Shengsen Sun, P. Patteri, Limin Gu, Ying Fu, Sen Qian, Ronggang Ping, Chuangxin Lin, Wolfgang Kuehn Kühn, Joachim Pettersson, Changjian Tang, Shan Jin, Simon Nakhoul, G. X. Sun, H. H. Li, A. Amoroso, L. Lavezzi, Fang Yan, F. E. Maas, Haiping Peng, Shuaiying Li, Xiaolu Ji, Tianchi Zhao, Meike Kuessner, Sanqiang Qu, Y.N. Gao, Z. A. Zhu, Yan Zhang, Xiaoping Qin, Yao Zhang, Tao Luo, Tianyu Xing, Achim Denig, H. M. Hu, Z. Gao, Alexey Guskov, Tingting Han, Yuekun Heng, F. Y. Li, Y. G. Gao, M. G. Zhao, N. Qin, Sai-Juan Chen, Maxim Alekseev, Longke Li, W. B. Yan, D. Bettoni, Y. F. Long, Yanchu Wang, Guang Zhao, Patrik Adlarson, C. D. Fu, M. N. Achasov, A. Dbeyssi, Ryuta Kiuchi, C. Q. Feng, Rosa Kappert, R. Poling, C. S. Yu, Xiang Pan, Xiaozhong Huang, Wei Xu, Jianping Zheng, Jingzhou Zhao, Alperen Yuncu, X. Y. Gao, Z. Y. Deng, Yanjian Lin, Giulietto Felici, Zhenan Liu, Youhua Yang, S. Pacetti, Shujun Zhao, J. G. Zhang, S. X. Du, H. L. Dai, Igor Boyko, K. Y. Liu, Xuhong Li, Angelo Rivetti, Yi Zhang, Y. T. Liang, Walter Ikegami Andersson, Z. Y. You, Guy Wilkinson, Frederik Weidner, M. Destefanis, J. J. Song, Y. Jin, Ke Li, H. H. Liu, Tord Johansson, Tianjiao Zhang, Z. Wu, R. Farinelli, C. Morales, Andrzej Kupsc, C. F. Redmer, G. F. Cao, Jingzhou Fan, Jiang Zhu, Q. M. Ma, A. Mustafa, Mingming Ma, Yaxing Tan, X. N. Li, D. M. Li, M. Fritsch, Xuyang Liu, Yu Zhang, C. P. Shen, Xiaolong Wang, J. Zhang, M. Kavatsyuk, Y. D. Wang, H. Muramatsu, Hongwei Wen, J. W. Zhang, M. Pelizaeus, Wei Li, B. X. Zhang, Michael Papenbrock, I. Uman, C. Schnier, Lei Zhang, Tianyu Qi, B. C. Ke, Nils Huesken, Stephan Maldaner, M. Ablikim, G. Rong, Z. P. Mao, H. Liang, W. D. Li, Xinxin Ma, A. Calcaterra, Ke Wang, Ke Liu, Q. A. Malik, G. Mezzadri, W. C. Yan, Guofa Xu, Y. M. Ma, J. Fang, Zhe Ning, X. B. Ma, J. Libby, Xiao-Rui Lyu, Ilaria Balossino, K. Schoenning, and Niklaus Berger

Subjects
Physics, Gauge boson, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, 0103 physical sciences, Pi, CP violation, Gauge (firearms), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Prime (order theory)
Abstract

We report on an analysis of the decay J/ψ→γπ0η′ using a sample of (1310.6±7.0)×106J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector. We search for the CP-violating process ηc→π0η′ and a dark gauge boso ...

Published
2020

5. Quality control and batch testing of MRPC modules for BESIII ETOF upgrade

Author

X. L. Wang, Shengsen Sun, C-Q. Li, Rong Yang, T.X. Chen, Hongliang Dai, Ming Shao, Xuejiao Li, Yuekun Heng, Zhi Wu, Z. Liu, Zebo Tang, and Y. J. Sun

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, Resistive plate chamber, Time resolution, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Instrumentation
Abstract

The end-cap time-of-flight (ETOF) system for the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) has been upgraded using the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) technology (Williams et al., 1999; Li et al., 2001; Blanco et al., 2003; Fonte et al., 2013, [1–4] ). A set of quality-assurance procedures has been developed to guarantee the performances of the 72 mass-produced MRPC modules installed. The cosmic ray batch testing show that the average detection efficiency of the MRPC modules is about 95%. Two different calibration methods indicate that MRPCs’ time resolution can reach 60 ps in the cosmic ray test.

Published
2017

7. Alignment of the BESIII end cap TOF system

Author

Shengsen Sun and Shuo Pin Wen

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The end cap time-of-flight (ETOF) at Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) was upgraded with multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology in order to improve the particle identification capability. The accurate knowledge of the detector real misalignment is important for getting close to the designed time resolution and the expected reconstruction efficiency of the end cap time-of-flight system. The incident position of charged track is extrapolated from multilayer drift chamber to the end cap time-of-flight detector based on the ideal geometry. The raw measured time difference between the two readout channels of one strip could be used to derive an incident position of the charged track using the transmission velocity of the signal in the readout strip, this position is obtained from the response of the detector, without any geometric hypothesis. A software is developed using the comparison between these two positions to provide the spatial position difference between the real detector and the ideal location. The procedure developed towards the alignment and the geometry is updated based on the result of the alignment. The time resolution and reconstruction achieved in recent years are also described in this talk.

Published
2019
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8. The offline data quality monitoring of the BESIII end cap TOF system

Author

Zhi Wu, Ming-Ming Ma, Jing-Yi Liu, Shengsen Sun, Hongliang Dai, Huai-Min Liu, Yong-Zhao Sun, Chun-Xiu Liu, Zi-Yan Deng, Shuo-Pin Wen, Yuekun Heng, and Ye Yuan

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time of flight, Data processing, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Spectrometer, Data quality, media_common.quotation_subject, Real-time computing, Detector, Quality (business), Monitoring tool, Particle identification, media_common
Abstract

The end cap time of flight (TOF) at Beijing spectrometer was upgraded with multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology in order to improve the particle identification capability in 2015. The offline data quality monitoring is a critical aspect of the data processing chain aiming at providing data with good quality for physics analyses. An offline data quality monitoring tool for upgraded end cap TOF has been developed to provide feedback about the functioning and performance of detector hardware and data processing chain. Detector information and reconstructed time-of- flight characteristics of charged tracks are filled into plots using full Bhabha events reconstruction results, and then, these plots are used to assess the operational conditions of the detector and the quality of the data by the experts. This paper is describing the design and the content of performance of the offline data quality monitoring of end cap TOF and the data quality performance achieved during last 2 years’ physical data taking.

Published
2019

9. Charm Mixing and D Dalitz Analysis at BESIII

Author

Shengsen Sun

Subjects
Phase difference, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Electron–positron annihilation, Dalitz plot, 01 natural sciences, the BESIII detector, Near threshold, 0103 physical sciences, Dalitz analysis, yCP, 010306 general physics, D0−D‾0 oscillation, strong phase difference
Abstract

We study D 0 D ‾ 0 pairs produced in e + e − collisions at s = 3.773 GeV using a data sample of 2.92 f b − 1 collected with the BESIII detector. Using world-average values of external parameters, we obtain cos δ K π = 1.02 ± 0.11 ± 0.06 ± 0.01 , δ K π is the strong phase difference between the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed process D ‾ 0 → K − π + and the Cabibbo-favored process D 0 → K − π + . A measurement of the parameter y CP in D 0 − D ‾ 0 oscillations is performed by taking advantage of quantum coherence between pair-produced D 0 and D ‾ 0 mesons near threshold, the preliminary result is y C P = ( − 1.6 ± 1.3 ± 0.6 ) % . An analysis of the D + → K S 0 π + π 0 Dalitz plot is performed, the Dalitz plot is found to be well presented by a combination of six quasi-two-body decay channels [ K S 0 ρ + , K S 0 ρ ( 1450 ) + , K ‾ ⁎ 0 π + , K ‾ 0 ( 1430 ) 0 π + , K ‾ ( 1680 ) 0 π + , κ ‾ 0 π + ] plus a small nonresonant component. Using the fit fractions from this analysis, partial branching ratios are updated with higher precision than previous measurements.

Published
2016
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10. Digitization of Cylindrical GEM Detector

Author

Shengsen Sun, Liang-Liang Wang, Wei-Guo Li, Xin-Chou Lou, Nan-Nan Miao, Ling-Hui Wu, Huai-Min Liu, Ye Yuan, Yao Zhang, Ryan E. Mitchell, Zhen Huang, Tong Sun, and Jing-Yi Zhao

Subjects
Physics, History, Optics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, business, Digitization, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The BESIII inner drift chamber is suffering from aging effect. Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) is considered as one of the upgrade candidates. A simulation study with Garfield++ program has been performed to understand the drift behaviour and to build a full digitization model. Parameters related to Lorentz angle, diffusion effect, drift time, multiplication and induction are obtained from the Garfield++ simulation. A preliminary digitization model is implemented in the BESIII Offline Software System (BOSS) based on those parameters.

Published
2020

11. Design and construction of the new BESIII endcap Time-of-Flight system with MRPC Technology

Author

C-Q. Li, Min Chen, Y. J. Sun, X. S. Jiang, Xiao-Dong Luo, Z. Liu, Hongliang Dai, H. F. Chen, Shengsen Sun, Miaofu Xu, Shenye Liu, Mei Ye, R. X. Yang, X. L. Wang, Zebo Tang, Junqiang Zhang, Yuekun Heng, X. Y. Ma, Jianbing Zhao, Y. H. Zhang, Zhi Wu, Xiaolu Ji, M. Shao, Xuejiao Li, and Ping Cao

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Time resolution, STRIPS, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, law.invention, Time of flight, law, 0103 physical sciences, Shielded cable, Calibration, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

In order to improve the particle identification capability, the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) collaboration has upgraded the End-cap Time-Of-Flight detector (ETOF) based on Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) technology. In this paper, the design and engineering development of each part of the project are reported. There are 72 MRPC modules, forming 2 rings. Adjacent modules are staggered placed to avoid dead regions. Each MRPC module contains 12-layer thin gaps to get fast signals with high efficiency and 12 strips to readout the induced signals from two ends, effectively reducing the timing uncertainties from the scattering and positioning. Also, the analog–digital conversion is done near the MRPC and only the digital signals are transferred through thin coax cables, ensuring good signal-to-noise ratio. The complex electromagnetic noises in the BESIII colliding area are well shielded to protect the tiny signals from the MRPC. After careful correction and calibration, the total time resolution of upgraded ETOF system is 65ps.

Published
2020

12. Observation of the doubly radiative decay η′→γγπ0

Author

X. K. Chu, Y. D. Wang, Stephen Lars Olsen, Wei Li, Zhenjun Xiao, G. A. Chelkov, L. L. Ma, L. Gong, Dahua Zhang, Jianbei Liu, W. Shan, Dan Bennett, Z. Y. Wang, Francesca De Mori, Libo Guo, A. Amoroso, Michael Papenbrock, I. Uman, I. Garzia, Shi Chen, H. X. Yang, Bo Zheng, Q. A. Malik, G. Mezzadri, W. C. Yan, Bingxin Zhang, A. Dbeyssi, B. J. Liu, Gang Chen, Tao Hu, B. C. Ke, I. Tapan, Peilian Liu, S. Liu, Z. Wang, G. Cibinetto, Qiang Zhao, S. Nisar, Z. P. Mao, H. Liang, L. Yan, Manuel Lara, Michela Greco, J. W. Zhao, C. B. Zhang, J. H. Liu, Ming Qi, Q. J. Xu, X. Sun, Ronggang Ping, Huihui Liu, J. G. Messchendorp, Mauro Savrié Savri 'e, Guofa Xu, Ed Thorndike, Y. M. Ma, Haiping Peng, J. Fang, Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Yang Gao, D. X. Lin, Alexey Zhemchugov, M. Kornicer, Z. L. Dou, Peirong Li, L. Zotti, Xuan Zhang, L. J. Wu, T. Hussain, W. X. Gong, J. Li, H. Y. Zhang, L. H. Wu, Shengsen Sun, Xiaolu Ji, P. L. Wang, X. L. Luo, J. B. Liu, Dapeng Jin, Xiaozhong Huang, Fabrizio Bianchi, Chang-Zheng Yuan, Y. J. Mo, H. Xiao, W. D. Li, J. L. Hu, A. Julin, Y. Hu, Kai Liu, Xin Fang, G. S. Varner, R. P. Guo, Y. H. Xie, Andrzej Kupsc, J. Z. Bai, P. F. Duan, F. H. Heinsius, Fenfen An, Z. Gao, S. L. Niu, F. Y. Li, X. D. Ruan, Zhenghao Zhang, Tao Luo, Achim Denig, Wei Wang, Xinying Song, S. Marcello, Dong Wang, L. Y. Liu, Fang Liu, Alperen Yuncu, Jin Li, X. Y. Gao, Yuanyuan Liu, Shujun Zhao, J. P. Dai, Ligang Xia, Zhe Ning, Zhengguo Zhao, M. L. Chen, X. N. Li, Y. F. Wang, P. Wang, Ming Shao, L. G. Xia, Y. X. Xia, S. H. Zhu, Fengcai Ma, Zhiqing Liu, D. J. Ambrose, X. W. Tang, Zongyuan Wang, H. R. Qi, H. J. Lu, Jiawen Zhang, Hailong Ma, G. X. Sun, Yuekun Heng, D. Xiao, Bing-Song Zou, Q. Ouyang, Bin Wang, H. S. Chen, H. L. Dai, Igor Boyko, Xiaocong Ai, A. Q. Guo, N. Y.-U. Muchnoi, X. B. Ma, Yongzhao Sun, S. S. Fang, Xiao-Rui Lyu, O. Bakina, K. J. Zhu, Y. B. Liu, Jingzhou Fan, X. Q. Hao, Z. L. Hou, M. Ye, L. Fava, M. H. Gu, A. A. Zafar, Huanhuan Liu, Yongjie Sun Sun, M. Albrecht, Jingwei Zhao, Haijun Yang, Zhonghua Qin, C.-H. Rosner, Serkant Ali Cetin, P. X. Shen, Q. M. Ma, Zhigang Wang, H. Q. Zhang, Z. J. Sun, Mingming Ma, P. Larin, Magnus Wolke, Cui Li, O. B. Kolcu, L. Z. Wang, Ye Yuan, K. H. Rashid, X. H. Mo, Y. F. Liang, W. B. Yan, M. N. Achasov, Giulietto Felici, Zhenan Liu, Q. P. Ji, Chen Hu, X. Y. Niu, K. Schoenning, Y. H. Guan, Yang Zhang, Klaus Peters, Niklaus Berger, Y. S. Zhu, M. Maggiora, G. R. Liao, Yu Lu, J. Liu, Stefano Spataro, Zhibing Li, Q. L. Xiu, Gang Li, D. Y. Wang, Hongbang Liu, D. Bettoni, F. E. Maas, Tianchi Zhao, Junguang Lu, A. Calcaterra, X. P. Xu, M. Tiemens, Yong Ban, C. Leng, J. F. Qiu, Yong Ding, Yu Zhang, Tord Johansson, M. G. Zhao, Zhenyu Zhang, Orhan Cakir, Lei Zhao, N. Qin, Kun Zhang, P. Kiese, C. S. Yu, S. Pacetti, Jialun Ping, C. F. Liu, Yingchun Zhu, Ke Wang, Zhe Zeng, Z. A. Zhu, Jing Dong, Sen Qian, Meng Wang, X. K. Zhou, Dong Liu, P. Patteri, J. W. Zhang, H. Y. Sheng, B. Q. Wang, Xiaokang Zhou, R. A. Briere, Jian Zhuang, G. S. Huang, Hao Cai, Jingzhou Zhao, P. Musiol, Walter Ikegami Andersson, R. Kliemt, Ke Li, C. Schnier, J. F. Chang, F. A. Harris, H. Leithoff, Z. Y. You, V. Prasad, Y. Q. Wang, H. H. Liu, Li Zhou, Lei Zhang, Jie Yu, Xianglei Zhu, G. F. Cao, E. Boger, Y. Nefedov, P. Weidenkaff, Y. S. Zhang, Bing Liu, Xinchou Lou, M. Ablikim, G. Rong, C. F. Redmer, L. L. Jiang, Shuang Han, H. M. Hu, Yue Guo, C. P. Shen, I. Denysenko, Wolfgang Kuehn K \\'uhn, X. S. Jiang, Yunpeng Lu, X. S. Qin, Zahra Haddadi, X. R. Zhou, Y.L. Li, Yun Zeng, X. D. Chen, Cheng Li, Changjian Tang, Shan Jin, Yao Zhang, Tian Ma, Z.Q. Zhang, Sai-Juan Chen, Y. Pan, Yanchu Wang, Guang Zhao, Tobias Weber, C. D. Fu, C. Q. Feng, J. J. Xu, J. Chai, J. V. Bennett, Z. Y. Deng, M. Ripka, Z. Jiao, Fu-Hu Liu, M. Y. Dong, Y.Y. Zhang, Junfeng Sun, Yangheng Zheng, Jianbin Jiao, Weimin Song, Xiongfei Wang, H. H. Li, Y. X. Yang, M. H. Ye, L. Y. Dong, F. Feldbauer, Weiping Wang, Kai Zhu, Z. L. Huang, Feng Liu, J. C. Chen, Xiang Liu, W. J. Zheng, X. Y. Jiang, Xiao Cai, Jiaheng Zou, F. Nerling, Boxiang Yu, Yi Fang, T. J. Min, I. B. Nikolaev, J. H. Yin, Y. T. Liang, C. Morales, Y. T. Gu, Xingyu Zhou, Q. J. Li, R. Poling, E. Fioravanti, Jianping Zheng, M. Fritsch, X. L. Kang, A. Sarantsev, D. H. Wei, S. Zhu, J. Zhang, M. Kavatsyuk, J. G. Zhang, S. X. Du, K. Y. Liu, Lei Xu, B. X. Zhang, M. Destefanis, L. L. Wang, C. Dong, S. Sosio, Joachim Pettersson, Xingtao Huang, B. Kloss, Hai-Bo Li, C. L. Luo, Yuanbo Chen, Jianming Bian, Thomas Held, B. Zhong, Ryan Mitchell, Lei Li, J. S. Huang, Ulrich Wiedner, Qingnian Xu, Xiaoyan Ma, Y. H. Yan, K. Goetzen, M. X. Luo, D. V. Dedovich, Y. Guo, Xue-Qian Li, Qian Liu, L. Q. Qin, Yajun Mao, Teng Li, Rinaldo Baldini Ferroli, Y. J. Zhang, Jingzhi Zhang, Yubin Zhao, J. Min, Kanglin He, Ling Zhao, B. Kopf, Cong-Feng Qiao, O. Albayrak, H. Loehner, J. M. Zhang, X. S. Kang, Xin Chen, X.S. Li, Jens Soeren Lange, X. Y. Shen, M. Bertani, L. Yang, W. Gradl, T. Holtmann, Q. Gao, Q. An, J. Y. Zhang, Yuehong Xie, S. P. Wen, X. B. Ji, Z. Wu, R. Farinelli, D. M. Li, H. Muramatsu, M. Pelizaeus, S. Ahmed, Kang Li, S. Q. Zhang, A. Hafner, and Q. Zhao

Subjects
Physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, Radiative decay, 01 natural sciences, Omega, Gamma gamma, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Pi, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Based on a sample of 1.31 billion J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector, we report the study of the doubly radiative decay eta' -> gamma gamma pi(0) for the first time, where the eta' meson is produced via the J/psi -> gamma eta' decay. The branching fraction of eta' -> gamma gamma pi(0) inclusive decay is measured to be B(eta' -> gamma gamma pi(0))(Incl) = (3.20 +/- 0.07(stat) +/- 0.23(sys)) x 10(-3), while the branching fractions of the dominant process eta' -> gamma omega and the non-resonant component are determined to be B(eta' -> gamma omega) x B(omega -> gamma pi(0)) = (23.7 +/- 1.4(stat) +/- 1.8(sys)) x 10(-4) and B(eta' -> gamma gamma pi(0))(NR) = (6.16 +/- 0.64(stat) +/- 0.67(sys)) x 10(-4), respectively. In addition, the M-gamma gamma(2)-dependent partial widths of the inclusive decay are also presented.

Published
2017

13. The study of time calibration for upgraded end cap TOF of BESIII

Author

Yuekun Heng, Cheng Li, Wei Guo Li, Hongliang Dai, Shengsen Sun, Ming Zhou, Zi-Yan Deng, Fen-Fen An, Ying-Xiao Guo, Huai-Min Liu, R. X. Yang, and Zhi Wu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Charged particle, Momentum, Time of flight, Pion, Amplitude, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, business, Simulation
Abstract

The end cap time of flight at Beijing Spectrometer is upgraded with multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology in order to improve the charged particle identification capability. The time-over-threshold is used for the time slewing correction instead of the signal amplitude. The correlation of the multi-peak time-over-threshold and the hit position along the strip of the charged particle is investigated. Implementation of the off-line data calibration method is discussed in detail. The overall time resolution for pions with momentum around 0.8 GeV/c is about 65 ps.

Published
2017

14. Study of MRPC technology for BESIII endcap-TOF upgrade

Author

Zebo Tang, Yuekun Heng, Zhi Wu, Shengsen Sun, Mingming Chen, Kejun Zhu, Hongliang Dai, Xiaoshan Jiang, Meihang Xu, Cheng Li, Yongjie Sun, R. X. Yang, X. L. Wang, Ping Cao, Ming Shao, Xiaolan Luo, Weijia Sun, Zhen Liu, Siyu Wang, Shubing Liu, and Xin Li

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Resistive plate chamber, Time resolution, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, Overall performance, 010306 general physics
Abstract

In order to improve the charged particle identification capability, end-cap time-of-flight (ETOF) detector of the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) has been upgraded with multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) technology, aiming at an overall time resolution of 80 ps for minimum-ionization particles to extend the K/ $$\pi $$ separation (2 $$\sigma $$ ) momentum range to 1.4 GeV/c. The previous version of ETOF in BESIII consisted of plastic scintillators. The multi-hit events distort both shape and amplitude of the output signals. MRPC technique was chosen for the BESIII ETOF upgrade as it provides high time resolution and high detection efficiency, is of relatively low cost and is insensitive to neutral particles. Most importantly, the fine segmentation of the MRPC readout stripes can suppress multi-hit events effectively. The final design of MRPC module for ETOF is characterized by double-stack (2 $$\times $$ 6) structure, dual-end readout mode and precision electronics. To batch-produce and test these MRPC modules, a series of tools and production procedures as well as related performance simulation and test methods were developed. Results showed that each MRPC module’s intrinsic time resolution (including the electronics contribution) is around 50 ps and the efficiency is better than 97%. The overall performance of the upgraded ETOF is better than the designed index. The new ETOF has been successfully installed at BESIII and run in 2016.

Published
2017

15. A study of aging effects of barrel Time-Of-Flight system in the BESIII experiment

Author

Shengsen Sun, Ming Zhou, Huai-Min Liu, Shuangshi Fang, Zhi Wu, Huan-Huan Liu, Yuekun Heng, Zi-Yan Deng, and Hongliang Dai

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation, Detector, Attenuation length, Barrel (horology), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, law.invention, 010309 optics, Nuclear physics, Time of flight, law, 0103 physical sciences, Scintillation counter, Collider, Instrumentation
Abstract

The Time-Of-Flight system consisting of plastic scintillation counters plays an important role for particle identification in the BESIII experiment at the BEPCII double ring $e^+e^-$ collider. Degradation of the detection efficiency of the barrel TOF system has been observed since the start of physical data taking and this effect has triggered intensive and systematic studies about aging effects of the detector. The aging rates of the attenuation lengths and relative gains are obtained based on the data acquired in past several years. This study is essential for ensuring an extended operation of the barrel TOF system in optimal conditions., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Published
2017
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16. Monte-Carlo study of the MRPC prototype for the upgrade of BESIII

Author

Zi-Yan Deng, Wei Li, Jie Liu, F.F. An, Shengsen Sun, Hongbo Liu, R. X. Yang, and Huai-Min Liu

Subjects
Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, High voltage, Time resolution, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Time of flight, Upgrade, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Simulation
Abstract

A GEANT4-based simulation is developed for the endcap time of flight (ETOF) upgrade based on multi-gap resistive plate chambers (MRPC) for the BESIII experiment. The MRPC prototype and the simulation method are described. Using a full Monte-Carlo simulation, the influence of high voltage and threshold on time resolution and detection efficiency are investigated. The preliminary results from simulation are presented and are compared with the experimental data taken with the prototype MRPC modules., 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2016

17. A GEANT4-based simulation model for the BESIII endcap time-of-flight system

Author

Xuantong Zhang, H.L. Tian, Shengsen Sun, Yanchu Wang, Huai-Min Liu, Z. Y. Deng, Chun Zhao, and Yong’an Liu

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time of flight, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Optical photon, Scintillation counter, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Scintillator, Instrumentation
Abstract

A GEANT4-based full Monte-Carlo model is developed to simulate the performance of the endcap time-of-flight (TOF) system of the BESIII detector with high accuracy and sufficient speed. Experimental data of e(+)e(-) collisions collected at BESIII are used to test this model, which can also be applied to other cases for precisely simulating optical photons propagating in scintillators with an irregular geometry. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2011

18. BES III Time-of-Flight Readout System

Author

Qi An, Yuekun Heng, Shengsen Sun, Shubin Liu, and Changqing Feng

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Preamplifier, business.industry, Dynamic range, Detector, Electrical engineering, Noise (electronics), Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear Experiment, business
Abstract

A time-of-flight (TOF) readout system has been developed for a Beijing Spectrometer (BES III). This paper will present an overview of the entire TOF readout system design and its performance in the operation. In a BES III TOF detector, a total of 448 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been installed in barrel and end-cap sections. The corresponding 448 channels' readout electronics aimed precisely to measure the arrival time of PMT signals from the TOF detector is mainly housed in two VME64xP crates, each crate containing 14 FEE modules, 14 FEE_rear modules, one Fast Control module (FastCtrl), one Clock module, and one Power-PC interface module. Due to the structure of the spectrometer, the two VME crates with 448 channels of readout electronics are placed in two locations; each is 18 m away from the TOF detector. In order to increase the capability of noise immunization and achieve better signal-to-noise ratio, each channel has a preamplifier equipped to PMT base. The preamplifier drives the differential signals over 18 m of shielded twisted-pair cables to the VME crates. The readout system achieved a timing resolution of 25 ps after time-walk and INL corrections. The amplitude-dependent time-walk correction is accomplished by measuring corresponding pulse height. Achieved pulse-height resolution is better than 10 mV in a dynamic range 180-5000 mV. The whole TOF readout system was installed in the spectrometer and has been in operation steadily since then, with the performance well meeting the requirements of the physics experiments.

Published
2010

19. Lagrange multiplier method used in BESIII kinematic fitting

Author

F. P. Ning, Min Xu, Rang Lin He, Jianming Bian, Liang Yan, Bin Huang, Cheng Dong Fu, Wei Guo Li, Jian Yong Zhang, Yong Sheng Zhu, Ying Liu, Shengsen Sun, and Qi Wen Lü

Subjects
Computer Science::Robotics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, symbols.namesake, Classical mechanics, Lagrange multiplier, symbols, Applied mathematics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kinematics, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper,the kinematic fitting with the Lagrange multiplier method has been studied for BESⅢ experiment.First we introduce the Lagrange multiplier method and implement kinematic constraints.Then we present the performance of the kinematic fitting algorithm.With the kinematic fitting,we can impr...

Published
2010

20. Absolute photon energy calibration for the BESIII EMC

Author

Weimin Li, T. Hu, L. T. Yan, Qi-Wen Lü, B. Huang, Shengsen Sun, CD Fu, F. P. Ning, Min Xu, WB Song, Jie Yan, Y Liu, K. L. He, and JM Bian

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Hadron, Calibration, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photon energy, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The absolute energy calibration with photons from pi(0,)s for the BESIII EMC is discussed. Using 3 million hadronic events, the preliminary results are presented. Precision of about 1% in the photon energy measurement is obtained from crossing check using photons in psi(2S) -> gamma chi(c1,2)(1P).

Published
2010

21. Decay vertex reconstruction and 3-dimensional lifetime determination at BESIII

Author

Shao Qing Han, Lei Zhang, Weidong Li, Hai-Bo Li, Chun Xiu Liu, Min Xu, Yu Tie Liang, Ze Pu Mao, Bin Huang, Yi Fang Wang, Y. G. Xie, Ye Yuan, Yong Liu, Wen Bo Song, Cheng Dong Fu, Huai Min Liu, Qiu Mei Ma, Jie Yan, Liang Yan, Jian Ming Bian, Miao He, Jifeng Hu, Shuo Pin Wen, Yao Zhang, Zi Ping Zhang, Zhi Wu, Zi Yan Deng, Jian Yao, Jian Yong Zhang, Ling Hui Wu, Liang Liang Wang, Shengsen Sun, Rong Gang Ping, F. P. Ning, Yong Zhao Sun, Chang Chun Zhang, Lei Han, Xue Xiang Cao, Xiao Hu Mo, Ying Liu, Y. N. Gao, Hao Lai Tian, Ya Jun Mao, Xiao Bin Ji, Kang Lin He, Tao Luo, Xiang Ma, Guofu Cao, Chang Zheng Yuan, Jin Fa Qiu, X. T. Huang, Shen Jian Chen, Qi Wen Lü, Yong Sheng Zhu, Ji Ke Wang, Xiao Dong Sun, Jia Heng Zou, Lu Kui Jia, X. W. Hu, Xue Yao Zhang, and Yang Heng Zheng

Subjects
Systematic error, Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fitting algorithm, Monte Carlo method, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kinematics, Instrumentation, Resonance (particle physics), Computational physics, Vertex (geometry)
Abstract

This paper focuses mainly on the vertex reconstruction of resonance particles with a relatively long lifetime such as K0S, Λ, as well as on lifetime measurements using a 3-dimensional fit. The kinematic constraints between the production and decay vertices and the decay vertex fitting algorithm based on the least squares method are both presented. Reconstruction efficiencies including experimental resolutions are discussed. The results and systematic errors are calculated based on a Monte Carlo simulation.

Published
2009

22. Chapter 3 Analysis Tools

Author

Beijiang Liu, Han-Qing Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Huang, C. D. Fu, Shengsen Sun, Rong-Gang Ping, K. L. He, Min Xu, Ning Wu, G. Qin, X. H. Mo, Xiaoming Zhang, J. F. Hu, and David M. Asner

Subjects
Hybrid Monte Carlo, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Monte Carlo method, Dynamic Monte Carlo method, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Monte Carlo method in statistical physics, Monte Carlo integration, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Statistical physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle identification, Monte Carlo molecular modeling
Abstract

The following sections are included: Monte Carlo Generators Luminosity Measurements at BES-III Particle Identification Kinematic Fitting Partial Wave Analysis Dalitz-Plot Analysis Formalism

Published
2009

23. Chapter 21 Charm Production and D Tagging

Author

Shengsen Sun, Kang-Lin He, Da-Yong Zhang, and Ming Yang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Production (economics), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Charm (quantum number), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The following sections are included: Charmed Particle Production Cross Sections D-Meson Tagging

Published
2009

24. Multi-peak pattern in Multi-gap RPC time-over-threshold distributions and an offline calibration method

Author

Yuekun Heng, X. L. Wang, F.F. An, C-Q. Li, R. X. Yang, Y. J. Sun, Z. Liu, Zhi Wu, Shengsen Sun, and Hongliang Dai

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, STRIPS, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Signal, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) has just updated its end-cap Time-of-Flight (ETOF) system, using the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) to replace the current scintillator detectors. These MRPCs shows multi-peak phenomena in their time-over-threshold (TOT) distribution, which was also observed in the Long-strip MRPC built for the RHIC-STAR Muon Telescope Detector (MTD). After carefully investigated the correlation between the multi-peak distribution and incident hit positions along the strips, we find out that it can be semi-quantitatively explained by the signal reflections on the ends of the readout strips. Therefore a new offline calibration method was implemented on the MRPC ETOF data in BESIII, making T-TOT correlation significantly improved to evaluate the time resolution.

Published
2017

25. First results of the new endcap TOF commissioning at BESIII

Author

X. Ma, Yonggang Wang, Shengsen Sun, Zhenan Liu, Hongliang Dai, J. Zhao, M. Xu, F. An, Qi An, J. Zhang, Z. Wu, Z. Liu, Y. Qiu, W. Gong, Y. J. Sun, M. Chen, X. Jiang, S. Wang, W. Sun, C-Q. Li, K. Zhu, Ping Cao, Xiaolian Wang, X. Ji, R.X. Yang, J. Li, M. Ye, Shenye Liu, X. Luo, and Y. Heng

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Resistive plate chamber, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Upgrade, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The upgrade of the current BESIII Endcap TOF (ETOF) is carried out with the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) technology. The installation of the new ETOF has been finished in October 2015. The first results of the MRPCs commissioning at BESIII are reported in this paper., Comment: 7 pages,8 figures,conference

Published
2016

26. BESII Detector Simulation

Author

Gongru Lu, Cheng-Kui Li, X. H. Mo, S. P. Chi, J. F. Chang, Guangzhao Zhou, T. Hu, XZ（蔡翔舟） Cai, S. L. Zang, H. S. Chen, J. M. Yuan, B.S. Cheng, J. B. Zhao, S.L. Olsen, Wei Li, F. C. Ma, Shengsen Sun, G. W. Yu, Lianyou Shan, Q. J. Li, Z.Z. Du, F.J. Lu, X. Y. Shen, Zhe Wang, X. C. Zhong, Bo Xin, Y. B. Chen, Hangxu Li, Y. Z. Sun, J. Chen, G. F. Xu, H.B. Liao, Yuekun Heng, J. Z. Bai, Y. Jin, Y. Q. Guo, J. F. Qiu, P. L. Wang, Y.X. Yang, Y.N. Gao, Bingxin Zhang, R. Y. Li, Yudan Wang, Nan Zhou, Y. P. Chu, Yao Zhu, M. Wang, J. Fang, Junguang Lu, X. B. Ji, Li Zhou, H. M. Hu, H. F. Chen, J. Nie, Y. Guo, Y. B. Zhao, X. J. Zhao, C. D. Qian, Q. M. Ma, H. H. Liu, Xiru Huang, Y.L. Li, Shang Lunlin, Jiehao Zhang, Z. A. Zhu, J. H. Liu, X. Q. Li, Junqiang Zhang, X. L. Luo, G. Li, H. Y. Sheng, X. B. Ma, Xuai Zhuang, Zhangli Liu, Dixin Zhao, L. H. Yi, Jianwei Sun, Yingchun Zhu, Y. M. Wu, X.L. Li, M. Ye, Y. Yuan, Juan Zhang, Yuezhao Zhang, C. D. Fu, G. S. Huang, C. Z. Yuan, C. C. Zhang, J. Z. Wang, D.L. Shen, Z. Y. Deng, Zhen Wang, Qiyang Zhang, Huai-Min Liu, H. Qin, D.H. Wei, L. Y. Dong, Weiping Wang, G.L. Tong, Hong Sun, J. W. Zhao, Y. S. Dai, J.G. Bian, J. Yang, G. S. Varner, Hangkun Xu, P. Wang, Cuishan Gao, H. Y. Fu, Y. C. Zhu, Lifang Zheng, Y. F. Liang, Y. Zeng, Xingtao Huang, Jinxing Zheng, Cunfeng Wei, S. Gu, N. Wu, C. L. Luo, D. P. Jin, Q. F. Dong, Yiyun Zhang, Yi Jin, Jun Chen, M. He, Houbing Lu, Xunchao Zhang, M. L. Chen, Jun-Bing Ma, Nongjian Tao, Xuan Zhang, L. S. Wang, F. A. Harris, C. X. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Y. Ma, W. X. Gong, J. Li, Y. X. Ye, L. L. Ma, Z.Q. Zhang, L. X. Luo, D. H. Zhang, M. G. Zhao, Yu Zeng, C. S. Yu, X. S. Jiang, Zhengguo Zhao, Y.F. Lai, X. Shi, Zheng Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, B. X. Zhang, He Kai, K. J. Zhu, Zong-Ping Zheng, M. H. Ye, M. Ablikim, Fang Liu, Z. J. Sun, M. Y. Gong, Huajian Zhang, J. C. Li, Y. Ban, S.X. Du, He-Run Yang, P.P. Zhao, Haiping Peng, N.D. Qi, W.R. Zhao, B.A. Zhuang, Kelin Wang, F. Y. Li, Z. D. Nie, J. P. Liu, Jiang Changhui, H. L. Dai, Bin Zhou, Z. P. Mao, X. H. He, H.Q. Zheng, X.M. Xia, X. X. Xie, Z.J. Guo, Qiangqiang Zhu, S. Z. Wang, X. W. Tang, Hailong Ma, Jin Chen, S. S. Fang, J. Liu, Bing-Song Zou, Z. Y. Yi, F. Liu, S. M. Li, Fan Yang, Shi-Lun Jin, S. Q. Zhang, L. L. Wang, S.T. Xue, D. Y. Wang, R.G. Liu, Z. Y. Ren, G. Rong, Xingzhu Cui, Yang Tian, M. L. Yan, and Feng Shi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Computer Science::Programming Languages, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Instrumentation, Computational science
Abstract

A Monte Carlo program based on Geant3 has been developed for BESII detector simulation. The organization of the program is outlined, and the digitization procedure for simulating the response of various sub-detectors is described. Comparisons with data show that the performance of the program is generally satisfactory., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, uses elsart.cls, to be submitted to NIMA

Published
2005
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27. Monte Carlo tuning for the BESIII time-of-flight system

Author

Yanchu Wang, Shengsen Sun, Zi-Yan Deng, Yong Liu, Xiao-Jie Zhang, and Huai-Min Liu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Experimental data, Readout electronics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Time resolution, Computational physics, Time of flight, System parameters, Scintillation counter, Instrumentation, Pulse height
Abstract

Using experimental data, Monte Carlo tuning is implemented for performance parameters associated with the scintillation counters and readout electronics of the BESIII time-of-flight (TOF) system, as part of the full simulation model. The implementation of the tuning is described for simulations designed to reproduce the performance of a number of TOP system parameters, including pulse height, hit efficiency, time resolution, dead channels and background. In addition, comparisons with experimental data are presented.

Published
2014

29. BES III Time-of-Flight Readout System.

Author

Shubin Liu, Changqing Feng, Qi An, Yuekun Heng, and Shengsen Sun

Subjects
TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry, ENGINEERING instruments, DETECTORS, INFORMATION measurement, SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
Abstract

A time-of-flight (TOF) readout system has been developed for a Beijing Spectrometer (BES III). This paper will present an overview of the entire TOF readout system design and its performance in the operation. In a BES III TOF detector, a total of 448 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been installed in barrel and end-cap sections. The corresponding 448 channels' readout electronics aimed precisely to measure the arrival time of PMT signals from the TOF detector is mainly housed in two VME64xP crates, each crate containing 14 FEE modules, 14 FEE rear modules, one Fast Control module (FastCtrl), one Clock module, and one Power-PC interface module. Due to the structure of the spectrometer, the two VME crates with 448 channels of readout electronics are placed in two locations; each is 18 m away from the TOF detector. In order to increase the capability of noise immunization and achieve better signal-to-noise ratio, each channel has a preamplifier equipped to PMT base. The preamplifier drives the differential signals over 18 m of shielded twisted-pair cables to the VME crates. The readout system achieved a timing resolution of 25 ps after time-walk and INL corrections. The amplitude-dependent time-walk correction is accomplished by measuring corresponding pulse height. Achieved pulse-height resolution is better than 10 mV in a dynamic range 180-5000 mV. The whole TOF readout system was installed in the spectrometer and has been in operation steadily since then, with the performance well meeting the requirements of the physics experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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30. The cosmic ray test of MRPCs for the BESIII ETOF upgrade

Author

Mei Ye, Kejun Zhu, X. L. Wang, Xiaoyan Ma, Meihang Xu, Wenxuan Gong, Shengsen Sun, Xiaolu Ji, Weijia Sun, Yuekun Heng, Zhenan Liu, Jie Zhang, Yun Wang, Mingming Chen, Xiaoshan Jiang, Xiaolan Luo, Cheng Li, R. X. Yang, Hongliang Dai, Ping Cao, Yongjie Sun, Zhi Wu, Siyu Wang, Zhen Liu, and Jinzhou Zhao

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Spectrometer, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Particle detector, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Upgrade, 0103 physical sciences, Measuring instrument, 010306 general physics, business, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

In order to improve the particle identification capability of endcap time-of-flight (ETOF) at Beijing Spectrometer III, it is proposed to upgrade current ETOF detector with multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) technology aiming at extending ETOF overall time resolution to be 80–100 ps for $$\pi $$ ’s. The new ETOF system including MRPC detectors, front end electronics, CLOCK module, fast control boards and time-to-digital conversion modules, was built up and underwent 3-month cosmic ray test. The main purposes of the cosmic ray test are examining the construction quality of the system, testing the joint operation of all instruments and guaranteeing the system performance. The results show that MRPC time resolution is better than 80 ps, average efficiency is about 98.5 % and the noise rate of strip is 0.2 Hz/ $$\mathrm{cm}^{2}$$ at the threshold range for normal operation. These results indicate that the entire ETOF system would work well and satisfy the requirements of upgrade.

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