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Background Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the respiratory system in the world. According to the traditional histological classification, it can be divided into many subtypes. In recent years, the incidence rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has been rising rapidly. In this study, we identified the biomarkers related to the prognosis of LUAD through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and the "CancerSubtypes" software package in R, with a view to having a positive impact on the future treatment and new drug development. Method We obtained the relevant data needed for the study from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the GEO database. Through GSVA analysis, the gene expression matrix was further transformed into the gene set expression matrix for subsequent research. Then, we applied the package "CancerSubtypes" in R to transform the samples into different subtypes, and established a LUAD-related prognosis model based on the differential expression gene sets (DEGSs) among the subtypes. Finally, we performed functional and pathway enrichment analysis together with PPI network analysis of genes from prognosis related DEGSs. Results A total of 600 LUAD samples were obtained from TCGA database, including 541 tumor samples and 59 normal samples. We screened 507 tumor samples for further classification, including 166 cases of subtype 1, 138 cases of subtype 2, and 203 cases of subtype 3. Subsequently, we identified 63 DEGSs and constructed the prognostic characteristics of LUAD with 4 of them (“T_GSE24634_TREG_VS_TCONV_POST_DAY5_IL4_CONVERSION_UP” “T_GSE25088_WT_VS_STAT6_KO_MACROPHAGE_DN” “T_GSE45365_HEALTHY_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_CD11B_DC_DN” and “T_HALLMARK_MYC_TARGETS_V2”). Finally, we established the corresponding PPI network with 6 subnets, and identified 15 core proteins including CCNB2, KIF2C, TPX2, PES1, BRIX1, NIP7, PSMB4, PSMD12, PSMC3, MPHOSPH10, WDR43, POLA1, MCM4, PAICS and GART. Conclusions In this study, we identified four gene sets related to the prognosis of LUAD and obtained 15 core proteins. This study could provide relevant theoretical basis and guidance for the update of treatment methods and the development of new drugs, related to LUAD and other cancers.

Background: Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor, which is divided into many subtypes. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a most common subtype. More and more studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. In this paper, we studied the prognostic ferroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (FRLs) to build a LUAD-related prognosis model. Methods: We first downloaded the relevant data of 598 patients from the TCGA-LUAD dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and then randomly divided them into training group and testing group in a 1:1 ratio. After that, we used Pearson correlation analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis to determine the FRLs related to prognosis. Then, according to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, the risk model was constructed using the optimized prognostic FRLs subset. We further used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis to evaluate the performance of our model, meanwhile, Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk score (RS). Finally, we also carried out gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) , and differential analysis of immune-related genes and m6a-related genes. Results: In this study, we identified a total of 34 FRLs associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, and established a prognostic model with 7 of them. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that relevant characteristics of patients in high-risk group were correlated with poorer prognosis. The AUC value of our model was quite ideal, indicating that it could accurately predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. Further GSEA results showed that FRLs of individuals in high-risk groups were mainly enriched in cell cycle and related regulatory pathways, while those in low-risk groups were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. We also employed immune function analysis and immune checkpoints expression analysis, and found that CCR, check-point, HLA, T cell co−inhibition, T cell co−stimulation and Type II IFN Reponse had significant differences between two groups, while most immune checkpoints had higher expression levels in low-risk groups. Conclusion: Our research has proved that FRls could indeed be used as a prognostic feature to build a prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma. On the basis of this theory, it is of great significance and value to further study new treatment methods.

Background: TME (Tumor microenvironment) plays a key role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. Further research on TME will provide more comprehensive insights into relevant prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The purpose of this study is to develop a better prognosis model to predict the OS (overall survival) time of LUAD patients by identifying the TME component in lung cancer (especially lung adenocarcinoma) and comparing it with previous similar research results. Methods: The original LUAD related data was from TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas). The DEGs (differentially expressed genes) related to TME in tumor tissues and normal tissues were calculated respectively. Then, NMF (nonnegative matrix factorization) clustering was applied to identify different subtypes. Univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso regression analysis were performed to screen genes with prognostic significance to construct the prognostic characteristics. Finally, ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve and DCA (decision curve analysis) were used to verify the model both internally and externally. Results: Finally, we constructed a LUAD prognosis model containing five TME related genes (including C1QTNF6, PLEK2, FURIN, TM6SF1 and IGF2BP1). In our model, the survival time of high-risk group was indeed shorter. The prediction accuracy of the model was further verified by an independent cohort (GSE13213) in GEO (the Gene Expression Omnibus). In addition, we also integrated relevant clinical factors and drew a prognosis nomograph. The results showed that the patients in the high-risk group had less immune cell infiltration, more fibroblasts in the tissues, and poorer prognosis.

Background: Researches have shown that tumor microenvironment (TME) can regulate the proliferation and metastasis of solid tumors, and has an important impact on the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Based on the transcriptome data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), we studied the prognostic role of TME related genes, established and verified the prognostic model of TME related signatures. Methods: We Obtained relevant data from TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) to calculate TME related genes which expressed differentially in distinct tissues. Then, we employed NMF (nonnegative matrix factorization) clustering method to get different clusters. Univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression analysis were used to screen genes with prognostic significance, the prognosis model and corresponding nomogram were completed according to the risk genes. Finally, the ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) and the DCA (Decision curve analysis) curves were used for internal and external verification. Results: Our research obtained a gene panel consisting of 15 TME related genes (FOXD1, FSCN1, PRAME, SOX12, ATP6V1C2, EPHB4, CD36, BANK1, NOL3, DPP7, FAM24B, AEN, CCNF, PSRC1 and F2RL2). The established model clearly showed the survival time of patients in different risk groups based on the former genes. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the survival time of high-risk group was significantly shorter than that of low-risk group. The ROC curve’s value of AUC with this prognostic signature was basically over 0.65. In addition, we further validated the model with GSE39582 from GEO (the Gene Expression Omnibus) database. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis proved that the risk score we established in this study was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of COAD patients. Conclusion: The signature set we established could more accurately and effectively evaluate the prognosis of colon cancer patients. And the analysis of TME could also provide new opportunities for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with COAD.

Cuproptosis is a special form of cell death. Bladder cancer, especially Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA), is one of the ten most common cancer types in the world. So far, the potential role of cuproptosis in BLCA is unclear. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the copper poisoning mediated patterns of 509 BLCA samples based on 19 validated copper poisoning related genes (CRGs) using data downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Kaplan Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival rate (OS) of different risk groups. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) was used to study the functional differences between different cuproptosis clusters (CRG clusters). Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to explore the potential relationship between CRGclusters and immune status. We used GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis to study various cellular biochemical processes. Finally, we established a prognostic model to predict patients’ survival outcomes and to further analyze the correlation between the predictive characteristics of BLCA patients and various treatment response. In this study, we derived two CRGclusters and geneclusters, and also established a model to quantify the risk score of individual BLCA patients, which was found to be closely associated with various clinical characteristics and could precisely predict the prognosis of BLCA patients. We believe that through our study, quantitative analysis of cuproptosis mediated patterns in a single sample may help to improve our understanding of the multi-omics characteristics of BLCA and guide future treatment regimens.

SCD1 is a key enzyme controlling lipid metabolism and a link between its activity and NAFLD has been proposed. Lipophagy is a novel regulatory approach to lipid metabolism regulation, which is involved in the development of NAFLD. However, the possible functional connection between SCD1 and lipophagy in NAFLD remains unknown. To investigate the molecular mechanisms through which SCD1 regulates lipophagy in hepatic steatosis, the model of hepatic steatosis was established by inducing mouse primary hepatocytes with sodium palmitate and feeding C57BL/6 mice with HFD. Our results indicated that sodium palmitate-treated hepatocytes exhibited increased SCD1 expression, AMPK inactivation and defective lipophagy. Inhibition of SCD1 expression in hepatocytes resulted in enhanced AMPK activity and lipophagy, and reduced lipid deposition. Although SCD1 overexpression led to decreased AMPK activity and lipophagy, lipid deposition was increased in hepatocytes. SCD1 regulated lipophagy through AMPK to affect lipid metabolism in mouse primary hepatocytes. Additionally, compared to HFD-fed mice, CAY10566(an SCD1-specific inhibitor)-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased hepatic steatosis and hepatic lipid droplet accumulation, as well as enhanced AMPK activity and lipophagy. This study elucidated that SCD1 inhibition ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inducing AMPK-mediated lipophagy, suggesting that the SCD1-AMPK-lipophagy pathway is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.

Peritoneal lymphomatosis is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. Most practitioners only pay more attention to peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, peritoneal lymphomatosis can be neglected and misdiagnosed. We report a teenager with 10 days of abdominal distension and pain accompanied by computed tomography scan suggesting diffuse thickening of the peritoneum and omentum and abdominopelvic effusion. Tuberculous peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis were initially suspected. However, it was finally confirmed as non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma by omentum biopsies. He achieved complete remission after chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. But unfortunately, he suffered a relapse and died 10 months after diagnosis. Following a review of the literature, it can be concluded that the discovery of lymphomatosis in peritoneum is a rare finding. Lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained peritoneal thickening on computed tomography, and this case emphasizes the importance of early pathological diagnosis to make sure that the right treatment can be started opportunely.

In the present study, 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC–Al composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) and vacuum pressure infiltration processes. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-prepared 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC–Al composites were investigated in comparison to the porous 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites and the dense 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites with the same carbon fiber fabric. The results showed that the open porosity of 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC–Al composites was 4.63%, while the open porosity of the porous 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites and the dense 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites was 27.23% and 11.68%, respectively. Furthermore, the compressive strength of 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC–Al composites was significantly improved compared to the porous 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites, increasing from 168 ± 17 MPa to 445 ± 15 MPa, which was approached that of the dense 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites (451 ± 32 MPa). The microstructural investigations revealed that most of the pores were filled with Al alloy, improving the bearing capacity of the matrix of 3D needle-punched Cf/SiC composites.

In this paper, porous SiCf/SiC composites are prepared by chemical vapor infiltration of SiC matrix on stitched fibrous preforms with different fabrics laminate structure. The microstructure of the fibrous preforms before and after infiltration of SiC matrix and the permeability and the regeneration efficiency of the porous SiCf/SiC composites with different laminate structure have been determined. Experimental results show that the porous SiCf/SiC composites with twill fabrics laminate structure exhibits a higher permeability with a higher volume porosity and mean pore diameter. In comparing the regeneration ability of two types laminate structure filter medium, as expected, the twill fabrics laminate structure exhibits a better regeneration efficiency than the plain fabrics laminate structure due to its higher air permeability.

The permeability is a key property of SiCf/SiC porous composites using as filter in high temperature. In this study, an analytical model based on Hagen–Poiseuille flow was used to investigate the relationship between the structural properties and the filtration performance of the fiber architecture, including fabric and stitched preform. The air flow through the fabric was considered in two different regions: inter-yarn and inter-fiber, as well as the pore properties of the fabrics. The key feature of the model was that the parameter of flow channel based on the pore shape was taken account into the calculation of the equivalent pore size. After determining the pore characteristics, the flow rates of the pore unit cell were obtained; subsequently, permeability of the fabrics and stitched preforms were predicted to compare with the experimental ones. This turns out that the analytical model shows a good correlation between the experimental and predicted permeability values, and the difference between different woven-type fabrics was well presented.

Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been confirmed to exert a critical effect on the progression of tumors, including prostate cancer. Previous literature has demonstrated LINC01116 involves in activities of multiple cancers. However, the underlying role of LINC01116 in prostate cancer remains unclear. Methods qRT-PCR measured the expression of LINC01116 in prostate cancer cells. EdU experiment was used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assays detected cell migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot assays were utilized to measure EMT progress. The binding relationship between RNAs was confirmed by a series of mechanism assays. In addition, rescue experiments were conducted to verify the relationship among RNAs. Results LINC01116 was found to be highly expressed in prostate cancer cells. Functional assays indicated that inhibition of LINC01116 could suppress cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT progress. Also, miR-744-5p was proven to bind with LINC01116. Moreover, UBE2L3 was verified as the target gene of miR-744-5p. In rescue assays, we discovered that inhibited miR-744-5p or overexpressed UBE2L3 could offset the suppressive influence of silencing LINC01116 on prostate cancer cells. Conclusion Our study suggested that lncRNA LINC01116 acted as an oncogene in prostate cancer and accelerated prostate cancer cell growth through regulating miR-744-5p/UBE2L3 axis.

Creep/fatigue accelerated failures of K403 superalloy turbine blades are inspected, and the damage behaviors are revealed and failure modes are determined in laboratory. It is concluded that: (1) significant discrepancies of fractographies and cross-sectional microstructures are interpreted by qualitative and quantitative investigations; (2) the observed morphologies are mainly attributed to the dendrite separation and γ' phase rafting behaviors, together with the development of ‘void migration mechanism’, i.e., grain interior → grain boundary → sub grain boundary; (3) the failure of turbine blade changes from the mixed to the intergranular mode, which is essentially controlled by the contribution proportion of creep damage and fatigue damage.

This paper describes the modification of ultralight flexible carbon foam by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon carbide whiskers (SiCw). The effect of SiC whiskers on the microstructure and the thermal conductivity of carbon foam were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser flash diffusivity method in a Netzsch LFA427. The results show that the macro-pores (~30 μm) of the carbon foam were divided by the random distribution of SiC whiskers. The diameter of SiC whiskers decreased with decreasing catalyst concentration which resulted in the improved microstructure with a smaller pore diameter (4~6 μm) and a more homogeneous distribution of the pores. The carbon foam reinforced by SiCw exhibits better insulation performance than the pristine carbon foam when the temperature exceeds 200°C.

SiCw-SiC foams with hollow skeleton were synthesized by a simple procedure that consisted of the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and oxidation process. Flexible carbon foam was employed as CVI template. A typical structure of SiCw-SiC foams consisting of SiC supporter with hollow skeleton structure accompanying numerous crooked SiC whiskers was obtained after burning out carbon skeleton of the carbon foam during oxidation process. SiCw-SiC foams have a density of 0.11 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.12 g/cm3, porosity ≥ 96% and a thermal conductivity at room temperature between 0.040 and 0.075 W/m·K. Thermal conductivity of the SiCw-SiC foams moderately increased with elevation of temperature, indicating that these foams with larger amount of whiskers exhibit excellent thermal insulation property at elevated temperature.

An improved sandwich structured composite with low thermal conductivity used in high temperature is discussed, which have a great potential to be used in thermal protection system. This composite was composed of compound core material and C/SiC laminates. It is crucially noted that the compound core material is composed of reticulated SiC foam and SiO 2 powders. In this paper, the thermal conductivity of compound core was much lower than that of unfilled SiC foam in high temperature. It was also observed that the thermal conductivities of compound cores with the density ranged from 1.23 to 1.38 g/cm 3 increased accordingly. A mathematical relation was derived to calculate the theoretical effective thermal conductivity of sandwich structured composite, and the results agreed with the measured data with an error of 5%.

This paper describes the preparation of ultralight flexible carbon foam (FCF) by direct carbonization of commercial melamine foam (MF). The effect of carbonization temperature on microstructure characteristics and thermal properties in FCF were evaluated. The thermal conductivity of the samples at ambient temperature was measured using the heat flow tester and the thermal conductivity of the samples at various temperatures was measured using water flow plate method. The pore distribution and microstructure morphology of the MF sample and FCF samples were also measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry and SEM imaging, respectively. The results show that the 3D network architecture and the triangle fiber shape of the MF precursor were inherited by the resulting FCF samples despite of a great reduction in volume. The average pore diameter of FCF samples reaches a lowest value for carbonization temperature of 850 °C. The thermal conductivity of FCF samples is considered to be affected by the porosity characteristic of FCF samples. The higher pore diameter of FCF samples, the greater its thermal conductivity.

In this study, ultra-light reticulated SiC foam (SF) with hollow skeleton was prepared by applying chemical vapor deposition technique to deposit SiC layer on carbon foam (CF) skeleton, followed by high temperature oxidation of CF. The microstructures of materials were examined by SEM and SF samples show higher specific surface area (349 ± 13 m 2 /g), initial oxidation temperature (1000 °C) and compressive stress (0.6 MPa) than CF. The compression test results show that the compressive strength of SF increased with the CVD time. While the compressive strength decreased significantly, when the CVD temperature reached 1200 °C. Keeping in view superior observed related characteristics, the prepared SF with special structures was anticipated to be suitable for catalysis, energy storage or membrane science.

Mono-wave-piercing boats adopt a tumblehome and wave-piercing design which is becoming popular among military vessels and yachts. Published studies on mono-wave-piercing boats mostly focused on motions and stability in waves, or were conducted at low speed. A new high speed mono-wave-piercing boat is developed in this study and model tests have been finished in order to reveal more sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats. Special attention is paid to the sailing characters of mono-wave-piercing boats at speed. Model tests include resistance tests in calm water and seakeeping performance tests in regular waves. Available model test results give an insight in the way how the mono-wave-piercing boat runs in calm water and regular waves at speed and are valuable reference for similar and derived design.

With regard to the adiabatic principle for insulation, a new-type high-temperature vacuum insulation composite (HTVIC) was put forward as structural thermal protection system. This new structure consisted of graphite felt core material and sealing layer was prepared by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) pyrolytic carbon (PyC), CVI SiC and silicasol-infiltration-sintering (SIS) process with composite density as low as 0.306 g/cm3. In this paper, a mathematical relation was also derived to calculate the theoretical effective thermal conductivity of HTVIC, whose results agreed with the measured data with the error of

Ablation is an erosive phenomenon with removal of material by a combination of thermo-mechanical, thermo-chemical, and thermo-physical factors with high temperature, pressure, and velocity of combustion flame. Materials with outstanding thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical properties are required for future high-temperature components. C/SiC is a kind of great potential high-temperature structural material in aeronautics and astronautics with low specific weight, high specific strength, good thermal stability, oxidation resistance and excellent resistance to ablation. In this paper, the ablation phenomenon and mechanisms were summarized adequately. The ablated surface of C/SiC composites could be divided into three regions from center to external. In general, the higher the density, the lower the ablation rate; the lower the ablation temperature and less time, the lower the ablation rate, and the preparation methods also had a great influence on the ablation property. Thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical attacks were the main ablation behavior in the center region; oxidation was the main ablation behavior in the transition region and the border oxidation region.

SiC/diamond coatings with excellent frictional properties were successfully prepared using graphite as substrate. Diamond particles with size of 25–38 μm were firstly bonded on graphite substrate through PVA glue, followed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiC with varied MTS flow on the diamond-coated graphite substrate to enhance the adhesion of diamond particles. The influence of the MTS flow on the SiC coatings was investigated. The results showed that polycrystalline SiC coating with good crystallinity has been obtained. With MTS flow increasing, the SiC grains feature increased surface roughness and greater sizes of the SiC crystallite resulting from the co-deposition of SiC and carbon with increased carbon containing species. Reciprocating sliding wear tests were conducted to investigate the coefficient of friction. With increasing applied load, while the low-flow specimens showed a remarkable increase in the friction coefficient resulting from degradation of the SiC coatings, the high-flow specimens maintained a relatively low friction coefficient during wear tests indicating strong holding force to diamond particles of the SiC coatings. The reason for low friction coefficient of the high-flow specimens was that GCr15 steel ball was wearing by the SiC/diamond coatings with good affinity to the substrate resulting in a flat–flat contact on the contact area.

With regard to the adiabatic principle of insulation, a novel multilayer cladding structure composites (MCSC) with vacuum inside was put forward, which could be used in high temperature insulation field. In the composites, SiO2 was used to fill the microcracks and protect the carbon matrix from oxidizing. This novel material was composed of two parts, one was the core material consisted of SiC foam ceramic, the other was the flawless outer shell consisted of carbon fiber reinforced composites with vacuum inside that produced by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) Pyrolytic Carbon (PyC) and silicasol-infiltration–sintering methods. Material density was 0.81 g/cm3. The effective thermal conductivity of MCSC ranged from 0.193 W/m · K to 0.721 W/m · K within the temperature from 303 K to 703 K, which was 13.5–23.3% lower than the value of SiC ceramic foam core materials. However, at 1473 K, the measured data of MCSC and SiC foam were 1.815 W/m · K and 1.911 W/m · K, respectively. It was only 5.02% lower than that of SiC foam. Keywords: Thermal insulation, Vacuum, Ceramic foam, Sealing layer

The purpose of this work was to grow SiC as binder to adhere diamond particles to graphite substrate by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 1100 °C and 100 Pa using methyltrichlorosilane (MTS: CH3SiCl3) as precursor. The composite coatings on graphite substrates were analyzed by various techniques. Results show that a dense SiC coating with a cloud-cluster shape was formed both on the diamond particles and the substrate after deposition. The thermal stress (290.6 MPa) strengthened the interfacial bonding between the diamond particle and the SiC coating, which is advantageous for the purpose of adhering diamond particles to graphite substrate. The applied load of sliding wear test was found to affect not only the friction coefficient, but also the wear surface morphology. With increasing loads, the asperity penetration was high and the friction coefficient decreased.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate how the signaling pathway downstream of mTOR/S6K1 contributes to the regulation of SREBP-1c expression during lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Methods The model of steatosis was established using human hepatocytes HepG2 and inducting them with sodium palmitate. mTOR, S6K1 and LXRα were inhibited by rapamycin, PF-4708671 and siRNA-LXRα, respectively. After a variety of different treatment, the levels of intracellular triglycerides, the accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression levels of related genes were detected. Results Rapamycin, PF-4708671 and siRNA-LXRα treatment could decrease the accumulation of triglycerides and lipid droplets induced by sodium palmitate in HepG2 cells, and the inhibitory effect could be enhanced by the combination of them. Sodium palmitate stimulated the expression of genes encoding mTOR, S6K1, LXRα, SREBP-1c and SREBP-1c target enzymes (FAS and ACC1) in HepG2 cells. Moreover, these genes were sensitive to rapamycin. PF-4708671 also decreased the expression of these genes, except for the mTOR gene, and the extent of reduction could be enhanced by combination with rapamycin. Knockdown of LXRα decreased the expression of SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC1, but it had no effect on the expression of mTOR or S6K1. Furthermore, rapamycin and PF-4708671 enhanced the inhibitory effect of siRNA-LXRα. Conclusions mTOR/S6K1 regulates the SREBP-1c signaling pathway through LXRα in sodium palmitate-induced HepG2 cells, suggesting LXRα might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.

Eu 2+ and Dy 3+ codoped (Ca,Sr) 7 (SiO 3 ) 6 Cl 2 yellow phosphors were successfully synthesized by self-flux method. The structure, morphology and photoluminescence properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra. The as-prepared phosphor showed a broad emission spectrum centered at 550 nm for Eu 2+ single-doped phosphor, while located at 548–544 nm for the Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ codoped samples under excitation at 380 nm light. The emission intensity was greatly improved when Dy 3+ was doped into the (Ca,Sr) 7 (SiO 3 ) 6 Cl 2 :Eu 2+ system. The composition-optimized sample with 3 mol.% of Dy 3+ and constant 10 mol.% of Eu 2+ exhibited a 220% PL enhancement compared to the phosphor with 10 mol.% Eu 2+ single-doped. Meanwhile, it was found that the quantum efficiency of phosphor namely (Ca,Sr) 7 (SiO 3 ) 6 Cl 2 :3 mol.% Dy 3+ , 10 mol.% Eu 2+ could get up to 24.6%. The synthesized yellow-emitting (Ca,Sr) 7 (SiO 3 ) 6 Cl 2 :Dy 3+ ,Eu 2+ is a promising candidate as high-efficiency yellow phosphor for NUV-excited white LEDs.

Pathological status of lymph nodes (LNs) plays a critical role in staging and treatment for the patients with breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become the standard method in determining pathological status of axillary LNs. Therefore, the determination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and therapy of metastatic LNs are highly desirable in clinic. Herein, an unprecedented carbon nanoparticles (CNs)-incorporated liquid-gas phase-transition nanodroplets (CNPs) with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption, good biocompatibility, excellent photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) contrast, and high photothermal-conversion efficiency are reported in this study. Upon laser irradiation, liquid-gas phase transition of the CNPs has been demonstrated to provide excellent contrasts for PA/US dual-modality imaging both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the CNPs are capable of staining lymph nodes, which can contribute significantly to the identification of LNs with naked eyes. With increased laser energy, the CNPs exhibit the high performance in killing the breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, due to the photothermal effect induced from the CNs within CNPs. These results suggest that the developed multifunctional phase-transition nanodroplets have high potential to act as the theranostic agents in both SLNs detection and therapy of metastatic LNs.

An improved classical least-squares (CLS) method that can correct the detrimental effects of traditional spectroscopic data analysis CLS models has been developed. An additional noise (introduced by unmodeled concentrations) model is constructed, and the original mixed spectrum is purified using least squares to eliminate the additional noise signals. The extracted spectral signals are then used to augment the concentration predictive power. An application study is presented, which involves data recorded from an experiment of multicomponent concentration determination using Raman spectroscopy, and two designed strategies are exploited to test the predictive power of the proposed method. Results indicate that this method is an applicable spectral analysis tool for compound concentration determination against traditional CLS model ineffectiveness rendered by unmodeled concentrations, and the predictive power of the proposed method is comparable to existing methods.

p53 is one of the most widely investigated molecular markers in bladder cancer and its polymorphisms have been related to individual cancer risks. The objective of this study was to explore the association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with susceptibility and clinicopathologic characteristics of bladder cancer in a Chinese population.We investigated the impact of p53 codon 72 polymorphism in a hospital-based case-control study of bladder cancer. We tested peripheral blood samples from 120 patients with bladder cancer and 120 healthy individuals of similar age and from the same geographical region. The polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.There was an association between smoking status and bladder cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.31, 3.87; p = 0.003). Patients with bladder cancer had a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.89; p = 0.02) and Arg allele (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.95; p = 0.03) than controls. Patients with invasive bladder cancer had a significantly lower frequency of Arg/Arg (OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.88; p = 0.03) than those with superficial bladder cancer. When stratifying by the grade and histological type of bladder cancer, we found no statistical association.These data suggest that the p53 codon 72 Arg/Arg genotype and Arg allele are associated with a lower risk of bladder cancer in Chinese population.

With the increasing consumption of electric energy, how to improve the capacity of transmission lines within safe margins is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper presents a transient thermal rating method under real-time meteorological conditions. The result of thermal ratings under different conditions shows that this rating approach can significantly increase the capacity of the line. As some of the most critical variables are remaining time and initial temperature, their influence upon the rating is studied. The method of statistical analysis is used to determine the ampacity at different risk levels. The result indicates that with smaller remaining time, the ampacities are larger, and with larger ampacities, the risk of thermal overload is greater. The choice of risk level would heavily affect the values of ampacity.

A novel high temperature vacuum insulated composite with low thermal conductivity composed of SiC foam core material and sealing outer shell is discussed, which will have a great potential to be used as thermal protection system material. In this composite, the outer shell is the key to maintain its internal vacuum, which is consisted of 2.5D C/C and SiC coating. So the densification processes of outer shell, including 2.5D braiding process, chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) pyrolytic carbon (PyC) process, polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) glassy carbon (GC) process and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) SiC process, are focused in this paper. The measuring result of the gas transmission quantity of outer shell is only 0.14 cm3/m2 d Pa after 5 times CVD processes, which is two order of magnitude lower than that sample deposited one time. After 10 times thermal shock cycles, the gas transmission quantity increases to 1.2 cm3/m2 d Pa. The effective thermal conductivity of high temperature vacuum insulated composite ranged from 0.19 W m−1 K−1 to 0.747 W m−1 K−1 within the temperature from 20 °C to 900 °C. Even after 10 thermal shock cycles, the variation of the effective thermal conductivity is still consistent with that without treatments.

Glassy carbon (GC), characterized by a homogeneous structure and glass-like fracture surface once broken, has attracted increasing attention because of its excellent performance. In this paper, a dense graphite/glassy carbon composite coating with low gas permeability was introduced. In this composite coating, small graphite particles acting as second phase were wrapped by glassy carbon matrix. The composite coatings with different mass fractions of graphite particles were prepared. The mass loss of phenolic resin was determined by TG (thermogravimetry) analysis to determine the pyrolysis process. Raman spectrum analysis indicates that graphite content in composite coatings affected the G/D ratio significantly. The permeability of composite coatings with 50% and 100% graphite particles was almost same, which was ranged from 6 × 10−13 m3 µm/m2 s Pa to 3 × 10−13 m3 µm/m2 s Pa within the differential pressure from 100 kPa to 70 kPa. While the composite coating with 150% graphite particles had higher gas permeability due to the tiny micro-cracks and micro-pores produced. What was more, the densification mechanism of graphite/glassy carbon composite coating was also discussed in detail.