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This study aimed to provide a valuable reference for the precise diagnosis and treatment of lip-line canting (LLC) in an orthodontic clinic, determine the average observed LLC that would need treatment, and compare the differences in different populations.We took frontal photographs of an adult female with rough facial symmetry and processed them into fully symmetrical frontal images using Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, Calif). After that, the lip line was rotated clockwise with a gradient of 1° to obtain 8 different pictures. Next, without informing the observers of the aim of the study, we randomly selected 60 dentists, 60 orthodontic patients, and 60 non-oral-related practitioners to observe the LLC in the photographs. We numbered all the images randomly, and the evaluators categorized them as a little LLC not requiring treatment and marked LLC requiring treatment. We then analyzed the results statistically.Among the 240 observers, the average perception of LLC was 2.65°, and it was 4.1° for those requiring treatment. Orthodontists were more sensitive to the LLC than dentists and non-oral-related practitioners, and orthodontic patients were more sensitive than non-oral related practitioners (P 0.05). Overall, the tolerance value of the orthodontic patients was the least (P 0.05).Among all the observers, orthodontic patients had the highest requirement for LLC. This finding could help therapists consider patient expectations when determining treatment plans.

Aiming at the needs of ionospheric detection and application development, this paper mainly introduced the current development and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of ionospheric detection technology from ground-based and space-based instruments. Meanwhile, the hot topics of ionospheric application were introduced from the three aspects of ionospheric irregularity, earthquake-ionospheric effect, and ionospheric heating, respectively. Finally, the development trend of ionospheric detection technology and its application were discussed from five aspects, and some suggestions for the future comprehensive research fields of ionospheric detection technology in China were also given.

Recent research has demonstrated that static magnetic fields (SMF) can generate an analgesic effect in different conditions. The present study explored effects of SMF on pain levels and expressions of P2X3 receptors in trigeminal ganglion (TG) in mice after experimental tooth movement (tooth movement induced by springs between teeth). Experiments were performed in male mice (body mass: 25–30 g) and divided into SMF + force group, force group, and no force group. Exposure time was over 22 h per day. Mouse Grimace Scale was used for evaluating orofacial pain levels during experimental tooth movement at 4 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Meanwhile, expression levels of P2X3 receptors in the TG were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting at same time points. We finally found that during experimental tooth movement, pain levels of mice peaked at 3 days, and then decreased. While pain levels of mice were reduced in the SMF environment at 4 h, 1 and 3 days, there was a significant difference at 1 and 3 days. Meanwhile, under the action of SMF, expression levels of P2X3 receptors in TG were significantly lower at 4 h, 3 and 7 days. These results suggest that SMF can reduce pain levels in mice, and down-regulate P2X3 receptors in TG. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lipomas are rare benign tumors in the larynx. We encountered a 70-year-old man with a large lipoma in the subglottic area. His chief symptom was a 3-month history of progressive dyspnea. Transnasal flexible endoscopy showed a large mass on the posterior wall of the subglottic region. A computed tomography scan revealed a lesion occupying 75% to 80% of the subglottic airway. In this article, we discuss the imaging changes, clinical evaluation, and treatment of this patient’s lipoma.

Hydraulic switching techniques which have less throttling losses, good repeatability and can be controlled intelligently have been largely developed. The biggest challenge is the hydraulic fluctuation. It is generated in the process of opening and closing the valve. A two-stage digital flow valve operated by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal is studied in this paper. The main stage is cartridge valve based on flow amplifying principle; the pilot stage is high-speed on/off valve. The fluctuation characteristic of the digital flow valve is investigated using theoretical derivation and simulation analysis. The results show that the outlet flow fluctuation is influenced by many parameters such as the frequency and duty ratio of PWM signal, the volume of control chamber, etc. It can be weakened through the proper design of these parameters. Although the fluctuation exists, the mean outlet flow can be proportionally controlled by adjustment of the duty ratio of the control signal.

In this article, Influence of dipole interactions on tensile properties, fracture toughness and glass transition of epoxy resins was investigated by comparing the poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) modified epoxy systems. The infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectrums proved that there existed polar interactions between epoxy network and PEG chain. The results showed that dipole interactions played a significant role in influencing on toughness and strength of epoxy resins but had little effect on their glass transition temperature.

In this study, a new test method for evaluating the crack resistance of epoxy resins under thermal shock is proposed. A series of epoxy resins of varying toughness are tested by this method. We also study influence of geometry and dimensions of molds on the experimental results. It is shown that crack resistance of epoxy resins under thermal shock can be evaluated by this method. Our study also suggests that this method can be performed conveniently in laboratories and factories so that it can be widely applied in many fields to evaluate the crack resistance of epoxy resins.

As software are becoming more and more complex and platforms are increasing of diversity, software industry has faced some unprecedented challenges, such as interoperability. It is difficult to use objected-oriented methodology and traditional software paradigms to meet the challenges. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) has been proposed to solve the problems. In this paper, the principles, the advantages, the disadvantages, key techniques and some important issues of objected-oriented methodology and MDA are highlighted; the mechanism of combining objected-oriented methodology and MDA software paradigm is studied, especially the corresponding relations among models, domains, stages and languages are explored, and a modeling process for MDA is proposed. The research is helpful to apply MDA.

Based on the classical fuzzy vault and the Diffie-Hellman key exchange scheme, a key sharing fuzzy vault scheme is proposed. In this fuzzy vault scheme, the two users cooperatively build their shared fuzzy vault with a shared key hidden in it using their own biometric features, and they can respectively use their biometric features to unlock the fuzzy vault to get their shared key without running the risk of disclosure of their biometric features later. The security of our scheme is based on the security of the classical fuzzy vault scheme and and the discrete logarithm problem in a given finite group.

To compare the effect of the medical and surgical treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Seventy-two cases of pediatric CRS were randomly divided into medical group (35 cases) and surgical group (37 cases). The patients in medical group received a 12-week course of clarithromycin, alkaline nasal douche and intranasal mometasone furoate. The patients in surgical group underwent adenoidectomy or (and) tonsillectomy or ESS. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment assessments of visual analogue score (VAS) and nasal endoscopy. The assessments of CT were arranged before starting the treatment and post-treatment in 12-month.Both groups of pediatric CRS significantly improved in VAS and endoscopic parameters of CRS in all stages. There were no significant difference between two groups in 1-month (P0.05). The surgical group demonstrated greater change than medical group in 3-month, 6-month and 12-month (P0.01). In surgical group, 37 cases underwent three different styles of operation: adenoidectomy (n = 19), adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (n = 10) and ESS (n = 8). VAS and endoscopic parameters were not significantly different among three groups in all stages except in 1-month.The results of this study warrant further that both medical and surgical treatment of pediatric CRS significantly improve in VAS and endoscopic parameters of CRS. The mainstay of management is medical treatment. Long-term, low-dose macrolide is an effective therapy and a valid alternative in pediatric CRS. Surgical intervention is necessary for cases that do not respond to prolonged course medical treatment. Adenoidectomy or (and) tonsillectomy seems to be a recommended surgical procedure for children with adenoid or (and) tonsil hypertrophy.

The secular trend and seasonal variations of electron densities at 400 km altitude from 2001 to 2009 are analyzed globally using data observed by the planar Langmuir probe onboard CHAMP. The secular trend of electron densities positively correlates with that of solar radiation. At middle and high geomagnetic latitudes, the annual variations are significant and the maximum of electron densities occurs in summer. At low geomagnetic latitudes, semiannual variations are significant and two peaks occur at the equinoxes.

To explore the level of serum leptin in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and obesity and patients with normal body mass.Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 53 patients with OSAHS and in 41 simple obesity and in 62 patients with normal body mass. The level of serum leptin was detected by radioimmunoassay. The stature, weight, neck collar, hip circumference, waistline were measured.(1) Serum leptin level in patients with OSAHS and obesity was higher than patients with normal body mass. At the same time, serum leptin level in patients with OSAHS was higher than obesity ( P0.05). (2) Serum leptin levels were positive significantly correlated with BMI in both OSAHS patients and simple obesity, but only the leptin level in patients with OSAHS was significantly correlated with apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) and proportion of neck circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR).The rise of the serum leptin level in obesity was resisted of leptin. The serum leptin level of patients with OSAHS correlated with AHI shows that OSAHS maybe one reason of arising serum leptin's rising. Leptin could stimulate aspirator centrum.

Polyester arterial prostheses impregnated with various synthetic biodegradable materials and with gelatin were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 3–180 days. The inflammation was assessed by quantifying the activity of alkaline phosphatase and by histology. The degradation of the scaffold materials was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The alkaline phosphatase activity induced by the polymer-impregnated grafts was similar to that induced by the non-impregnated controls during most of the post-implantation periods. Histological studies revealed that the acute inflammatory response was moderate to mild and was similar for all types of specimens, except for the gelatin-impregnated grafts that induced a severe acute inflammation during the first 2 weeks post-implantation. At 4 and 6 months, significant disintegration of the scaffold was observed, accompanied by enhanced tissue infiltration and a reactivation of the acute inflammatory phase. Linear and exponential degradation rates of the synthetic polymers were described. The relative degradation rates of the biodegradable polymers were ranked as following: PLLACL>PDLLA>PLLA>PCEL. In conclusion, biodegradable polymers may provide an option as sealant/scaffolding materials for vascular prosthesis. It is suggested that the degradation rate of the polymer scaffolding materials should be higher to achieve early healing while without inducing strong inflammation.