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Desmoid tumors (DT) are soft-tissue tumors that infiltrate into surrounding structures with ill-defined margins. Although surgery is a potential treatment option, complete excision with negative margins is not often possible, the postsurgery recurrence rate is high, and surgery can result in disfigurement and/or loss of function. We conducted a literature review to assess the burden of surgery in patients with DT, focusing on recurrence rates and functional deficits resulting from surgeries. Since economic data related to DT surgery is lacking, reviews of surgery costs in soft-tissue sarcomas and of general costs of amputations were conducted. Risk factors for DT recurrence after surgery are young age (5 cm in greatest diameter), positive resection margins, and history of trauma in the area of the primary tumor. Tumors in the extremities have the highest risk of recurrence (30%–90%). Lower rates of recurrences have been reported when radiotherapy was used after surgery (14%–38%). Although effective in specific cases, surgery may be associated with poor long-term functional outcomes and higher economic costs. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative treatments with acceptable efficacy and safety profiles that do not adversely affect functional aspects in patients.

We prove the existence of a random exponential attractor for a non-autonomous Zakharov lattice system with multiplicative white noise. We first transfer the stochastic lattice system into an equiva...

In this paper, we prove the existence of a random exponential attractor (a positively invariant, compact, random set with finite fractal dimension that attracts any trajectory exponentially) for the 3D non-autonomous damped Navier–Stokes equation with additive noise, which implies that the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the equation can be described by finite independent parameters. The key and difficult point of this proof lies in proving the Lipschitz continuity and the random squeezing property in mean sense for the non-autonomous random dynamical system generated by solutions of the equation.

In this paper, we introduce the concept of uniform pullback asymptotic compactness of a non-autonomous random dynamical system, and prove the existence of random uniform and cocycle attractor with ...

We first introduce the concept of the random uniform exponential attractor for a jointly continuous non-autonomous random dynamical system (NRDS) and give a theorem on the existence of the random uniform exponential attractor for a jointly continuous NRDS. Then we study the existence of the random uniform exponential attractor for reaction-diffusion equation with quasi-periodic external force and multiplicative noise in ℝ3.

In this paper, we first present some conditions for the existence of a random attractor of continuous non-autonomous random dynamical systems (cocycle) and locally coupled stochastic retarded lattice dynamical systems in a space of continuous functions from finite closed interval into a product space of finite weighted spaces of infinite sequences. Then we consider the existence, singleton and exponentially stability of the random attractor for the second order non-autonomous retarded lattice systems with multiplicative white noise.

Consider the second order nonautonomous lattice systemswith singular perturbations \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \epsilon \ddot{u}_{m}+\dot{u}_{m}+(Au)_{m}+\lambda_{m}u_{m}+f_{m}(u_{j}|j\in I_{mq}) = g_{m}(t),\; \; m\in \mathbb{Z}^{k},\; \; \epsilon>0 \tag{*} \label{0} \end{equation*} $\end{document} and the first order nonautonomous lattice systems \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \dot{u}_{m}+(Au)_{m}+\lambda _{m}u_{m}+f_{m}(u_{j}|j∈I_{mq}) = g_{m}(t),\; \; m\in \mathbb{Z}^{k}. \tag{**} \label{00} \end{equation*} $\end{document} Under certain conditions, there are pullback attractors \begin{document}$ \{\mathcal{A}_{\epsilon }(t)\subset \ell ^{2}\times \ell ^{2}\}_{t\in \mathbb{R}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \{\mathcal{A}(t)\subset \ell ^{2}\}_{t\in \mathbb{R}} $\end{document} for systems (*)and (**), respectively. In this paper, we mainly consider the uppersemicontinuity of attractors \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{\epsilon }(t)\subset \ell^{2}\times \ell ^{2} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ t\in \mathbb{R} $\end{document}, with respect to the coefficient \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document} of second derivative term under Hausdorff semidistance. First, we studythe relationship between \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{\epsilon }(t) $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}(t) $\end{document} when \begin{document}$ \epsilon \rightarrow 0^{+} $\end{document}. We construct a family of compact sets \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{0}(t)\subset \ell ^{2}\times \ell ^{2} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ t\in \mathbb{R} $\end{document} such that \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}(t) $\end{document} is naturally embedded into \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{0}(t) $\end{document} as the firstcomponent, and prove that \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{\epsilon }(t) $\end{document} can enter anyneighborhood of \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{0}(t) $\end{document} when \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document} is small enough. Thenfor \begin{document}$ \epsilon _{0}>0 $\end{document}, we prove that \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{\epsilon }(t) $\end{document} can enterany neighborhood of \begin{document}$ \mathcal{A}_{\epsilon _{0}}(t) $\end{document} when \begin{document}$ \epsilon\rightarrow \epsilon _{0} $\end{document}. Finally, we consider the existence andexponentially attraction of the singleton pullback attractors of systems (*)-(**).

We first establish some sufficient conditions for constructing a random exponential attractor for a continuous cocycle on a separable Banach space and weighted spaces of infinite sequences. Then we apply our abstract result to study the existence of random exponential attractors for non-autonomous first order dissipative lattice dynamical systems with multiplicative white noise.

In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the non-autonomous stochastic strongly damped wave equation driven by multiplicative noise defined on unbounded domains. We first introduce a continuous cocycle for the equation. Then we consider the existence of a tempered pullback random attractor for the cocycle. Finally we establish the upper semicontinuity of random attractors as the coefficient of the white noise term tends to zero.

In this paper, we prove the existence of random attractor and obtainan upper bound of fractal dimension of random attractor forstochastic non-autonomous damped wave equation with criticalexponent and additive white noise. We first prove the existence of arandom attractor by carefully splitting the positivity of the linearoperator in the corresponding random evolution equation of the firstorder in time and by carefully decomposing the solutions of systemthrough two different modes, and we show the boundedness of randomattractor in a higher regular space by a recurrence method. Then weestablish a criterion to bound the fractal dimension of a randominvariant set for a cocycle and applied these conditions to get anupper bound of fractal dimension of the random attractor ofconsidered system.

In this paper, we study the long-term dynamical behavior of stochastic Boisso nade systems with time-dependent deterministic forces, additive white noise and multiplicative white noise. We first prove the existence of random attrac tor for the considered systems. And then we establish the upper semi-continui ty of random attractors for the systems as the coefficient of quadratic term tends to zero and intensities of the noises approach zero, respectively. At last, we obtain an upper bound of fractal dimension of the random attractors for both systems without quadratic term.

To extract molybdenum and nickel from the roasted Ni–Mo ore, a process of hydrochloric acid leaching, sulphation roasting and water leaching was investigated. The results showed that this process could get a high leaching rate of Mo and Ni. Under the optimum conditions of hydrochloric acid leaching (roasted Ni–Mo ore leached with 0.219 mL/g hydrochloric acid addition at 65 °C for 30 min with a L / S ratio of 3 mL/g), sulphation roasting (51.9% sulfuric acid addition, roasting temperature 240 °C for 1 h), followed by leaching with the first stage hydrochloric acid leaching solution at 95 °C for 2 h, the leaching rates of Mo and Ni reached 95.8% and 91.3%, respectively.

In this paper, we consider the existence of random attractors in a weighted space $ l_\rho ^2 $ for first-order non-autonomous stochastic lattice system with random coupled coefficients and multiplicative/additive white noise, and establish the upper semicontinuity of random attractors as the intensity of noise approaches zero.

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behavior of solutions for stochastic non-autonomous FitzHugh–Nagumo system with multiplicative white noise. First we prove the existence of random attractor of the random dynamical system generated by the solutions of considered system. Then we present some conditions for estimating an upper bound of the fractal dimension of a random invariant set of a random dynamical system on a separable Banach space and apply these conditions to prove the finiteness of fractal dimension of random attractor.

The recovery of iron from chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate was investigated by direct reduction, followed by magnetic separation. The results indicated that the metallization rate of iron can reach 98.9% at a temperature of 1200°C for a reduction duration of 60 min with the addition of 16% graphite powder and 0.5% sodium oxalate. Although the addition of borax, sodium carbonate and sodium oxalate to the chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate can all improve the metallization rate of iron, the effect of sodium oxalate was the best. Sodium oxalate not only increases the metallization rate of iron but also promotes the growth of metallic iron. After magnetic separating, the recovery of iron was 92.8% and the iron content of magnetic concentrate was 88.4%.

In this paper, we first give some conditions for bounding the fractal dimension of a random invariant set for a non-autonomous random dynamical system on a separable Banach space. Then we apply these conditions to prove the finiteness of fractal dimension of the random attractors for stochastic reaction-diffusion equations with multiplicative white noise and additive white noise.

In this paper, we first establish a criteria for estimating the upper bound of fractal dimension of a random compact invariant set of a non-autonomous random dynamical system on a separable Banach space and give some special conditions which can be easily verified to some stochastic partial differential equations for bounding the fractal dimension of random attractors. Then we apply these conditions to obtain an upper bound of fractal dimension of random attractor for stochastic damped wave equation with additive white noise.

We first give an existence criterion for a random uniform exponential attractor for a jointly continuous non-autonomous random dynamical system defined on the product space of [Formula: see text]-weighted spaces of infinite sequences. Then, based on this criterion, we prove the existence of random uniform exponential attractors for stochastic lattice systems and stochastic FitzHugh–Nagumo lattice systems that are both with quasi-periodic forces.

BACKGROUND: Temporal changes in the readmission rates for patient groups and conditions that were not directly under the purview of Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) can help assess whether efforts to lower readmissions extended beyond targeted patients and conditions. METHODS: Using Nationwide Readmissions Database (2010–2015), we assessed trends in all-cause readmission rates for one of the 3 HRRP conditions (acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia) or conditions not targeted by HRRP in 6 age-insurance groups defined by age-groups (≥65 or

To recover iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium from vanadium bearing titanomagnetite, a process of direct reduction has been proposed. After magnetic separation, a material containing titanium, vanadium and chromium was obtained. In this paper, a salt-roasting process was proposed to extract vanadium and chromium from the material containing titanium, vanadium and chromium. The effects of the several parameters that included roasting temperature, roasting time and the addition of sodium carbonate were investigated. Under the most suitable conditions including a roasting temperature of 900 °C, roasting time of 2 h and sodium carbonate addition of 33 wt%, the leaching of vanadium and chromium reached 91.2 and 68.4%, respectively. After leaching, the leach residue can be used as the raw material for extraction of titanium.

Background— Current classification schemes for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may not accommodate the breadth of clinical phenotypes in young women. Methods and Results— We developed a novel taxonomy among young adults (≤55 years) with AMI enrolled in the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) study. We first classified a subset of patients (n=600) according to the Third Universal Definition of MI using a structured abstraction tool. There was heterogeneity within type 2 AMI, and 54 patients (9%; including 51 of 412 women) were unclassified. Using an inductive approach, we iteratively grouped patients with shared clinical characteristics, with the aims of developing a more inclusive taxonomy that could distinguish unique clinical phenotypes. The final VIRGO taxonomy classified 2802 study participants as follows: class 1, plaque-mediated culprit lesion (82.5% of women; 94.9% of men); class 2, obstructive coronary artery disease with supply-demand mismatch (2a: 1.4% women; 0.9% men) and without supply-demand mismatch (2b: 2.4% women; 1.1% men); class 3, nonobstructive coronary artery disease with supply-demand mismatch (3a: 4.3% women; 0.8% men) and without supply-demand mismatch (3b: 7.0% women; 1.9% men); class 4, other identifiable mechanism (spontaneous dissection, vasospasm, embolism; 1.5% women, 0.2% men); and class 5, undetermined classification (0.8% women, 0.2% men). Conclusions— Approximately 1 in 8 young women with AMI is unclassified by the Universal Definition of MI. We propose a more inclusive taxonomy that could serve as a framework for understanding biological disease mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis in this population.

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to second-order non-autonomous stochastic lattice equations with dispersive term and additive white noises in the space of infinite sequences. We first transfer the stochastic lattice equations into random lattice equations, and prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions that generate a random dynamical system. Second, we prove the existence of a tempered random absorbing set and a random attractor for the system. Finally, we establish the upper semi-continuity of the random attractors as the coefficient of the white noise term tends to zero.

In this paper, we first present some conditions for bounding the fractal dimension of a random invariant set of a non-autonomous random dynamical system on a separable Banach space. Then we apply these conditions to prove the finiteness of fractal dimension of random attractor for stochastic damped wave equation with linear multiplicative white noise.

We first prove the existence of random attractors for the continuous random dynamical systems generated by stochastic damped non-autonomous wave equations with linear memory and additive white noise when the nonlinearity has a critically growing exponent. Then we study the upper semicontinuity of random attractors when the coefficient of random term approaches zero.

In this paper we study the asymptotic dynamics for the nonautonomous stochastic strongly damped wave equation driven by additive noise defined on unbounded domains. First we introduce a continuous cocycle for the equation and then investigate the existence and uniqueness of tempered random attractors which pullback attract all tempered random sets.

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the stochastic strongly damped wave equation with additive noise defined on unbounded domains. We first prove the uniform estimates of solutions, and then establish the existence of a random attractor.

Background— Young women (≤55 years of age) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have higher mortality risk than similarly aged men. Elevated inflammatory markers are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes after AMI, but little is known about whether young women have higher inflammatory levels after AMI compared with young men. Methods and Results— We assessed sex differences in post-AMI inflammatory markers and whether such differences account for sex differences in 12-month health status, using data from 2219 adults with AMI, 18 to 55 years of age, in the United States. Inflammatory markers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 were measured 1 month after AMI. Overall, women had higher levels of hsCRP and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 after AMI compared with men, and this remained statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. Regression analyses showed that elevated 1-month hsCRP was associated with poor health status (symptom, function, and quality of life) at 12 months. However, the association between hsCRP and health status became nonsignificant after adjustment for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and treatment factors. Half of these patients had residual inflammatory risk (hsCRP >3 mg/L) compared with a third who had residual cholesterol risk (Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >100 mg/dL). Conclusions— Young women with AMI had higher inflammatory levels compared with young men. Elevated 1-month hsCRP was associated with poor health status at 12 months after AMI, but this was attenuated after adjustment for patient characteristics. Targeted anti-inflammatory treatments are worthy of consideration for secondary prevention in these patients if ongoing trials of anti-inflammatory therapy prove effective.

We first present some sufficient conditions for the existence of a pullback exponential attractor for continuous process on the product space of the weighted spaces of infinite sequences. Then we prove the existence and continuity of a pullback exponential attractor for second order lattice system with time-dependent coupled coefficients in the weighted space of infinite sequences. Moreover, we obtain the upper bound of fractal dimension and attracting rate for the attractor.

We studied the existence of a random exponential attractor in the weighted space of infinite sequences for second-order nonautonomous stochastic lattice system with linear multiplicative white noise. Firstly, we present some sufficient conditions for the existence of a random exponential attractor for a continuous cocycle defined on a weighted space of infinite sequences. Secondly, we transferred the second-order stochastic lattice system with multiplicative white noise into a random lattice system without noise through the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, whose solutions generate a continuous cocycle on a weighted space of infinite sequences. Thirdly, we estimated the bound and tail of solutions for the random system. Fourthly, we verified the Lipschitz continuity of the continuous cocycle and decomposed the difference between two solutions into a sum of two parts, and carefully estimated the bound of the norm of each part and the expectations of some random variables. Finally, we obtained the existence of a random exponential attractor for the considered system.

In this paper, we study the long-term asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the stochastic Zakharov lattice equation with multiplicative white noise. We first transfer the stochastic lattice equation into a random lattice equation and prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions which generate a random dynamical system. Then we consider the existence of a tempered random bounded absorbing set and a random attractor for the system. Finally we establish the upper semi-continuity of random attractor to the global attractor of the limiting system as the coefficients of the white noise terms tend to zero.

In this paper, we first present some sufficient conditions for the existence of random attractors for general continuous random dynamical systems (RDSs) defined on the separable Banach space consisting of continuous functions from ( ) into the weighted space of infinite sequences and continuous RDSs associated with stochastic retarded lattice dynamical systems in the state space , where is a positive-valued function from into and is a positive constant. Then we apply the obtained abstract result to the first-order stochastic retarded lattice system with random coupled coefficients and additive white noise.

We discuss the long time behavior of solutions for the non-autonomous three-component reversible Gray-Scott system with Dirichlet boundary condition on a bounded domain of space dimension n=

We first present some sufficient conditions for the existence of a uniform exponential attractor for a family of continuous processes on separable Hilbert spaces and the space of infinite sequences. Then we study the existence of uniform exponential attractors for the dissipative non-autonomous Klein–Gordon–Schrodinger lattice system and the Zakharov lattice system driven by quasi-periodic external forces in the space of infinite sequences.

The existence of a global attractor for the solution semiflow of the extended Brusselator system in the L 2 phase space is proved, which is a cubic-autocatalytic and partially reversible reaction–diffusion system with linear coupling between two compartments. The method of grouping and rescaling estimation is developed to deal with the challenge in proving the absorbing property and the asymptotic compactness of this typical multi-component reaction–diffusion system. The regularity and the finite dimensionality of the global attractor are also studied. The results and methodology can find many applications and further extensions in investigations of complex biological and biochemical dynamical systems.

Young women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have higher mortality risk than similarly aged men. An adverse lipid profile is an important risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes after AMI, but little is known about whether young women with AMI have a higher-risk lipid pattern than men. We characterized sex differences in lipid profiles and treatment utilization among young adults with AMI.A total of 2,219 adults with AMI (1,494 women) aged 18-55 years were enrolled from 103 hospitals in the United States (2008-2012). Serum lipids and lipoprotein subclasses were measured 1 month after discharge.More than 90% of adults were discharged on a statin, but less than half received a high-intensity dose and 12% stopped taking treatments by 1 month. For both men and women, the median of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reduced to100 mg/dL 1 month after discharge for AMI, but high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol remained40 mg/dL. Multivariate regression analyses showed that young women had favorable lipoprotein profiles compared with men: women had higher HDL cholesterol and HDL large particle, but lower total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL small particle.Young women with AMI had slightly favorable lipid and lipoprotein profiles compared with men, suggesting that difference in lipid and lipoprotein may not be a major contributor to sex differences in outcomes after AMI. In both men and women, statin remained inadequately used, and low HDL cholesterol level was a major lipid abnormality.

In this paper, we study the non-autonomous stochastic lattice FitzHugh-Nagumo system with random coupled coefficients and multiplicative white noise. We consider the existence of random attractors in a weighted space $l_\rho^2 \times l_\rho^2$ for this system, and establish the upper semicontinuity of random attractors as the intensity of noise approaches zero.