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With the large-scale commercial use of the global 5G network and the rapid growth of mobile Internet traffic, more abundant wireless spectrum resources can be released, and the demand for high-speed optical modules in wireless front-haul networks is increasingly prominent. Focusing on the key technologies of 50 Gbit/s front-haul optical modules, two main networking methods were deeply analyzed, the typical transmission distance and link loss were analyzed, the maximum and minimum dispersion values of coarse wave division multiplexing (CWDM) wavelengths in a 10 km scenario were explored, and the corresponding dispersion compensation strategies were studied. Through experiments, the changes in optical power penalty of different multi-path interference (MPI) were verified, and the potential impact of MPI noise on error performance was analyzed in detail. In addition, deep research on the optoelectronic chip scheme of 50 Gbit/s modules was conducted, the parameters of various types of optical modules were rigorously tested, standardized suggestions for the optoelectronic interface parameters of 50 Gbit/s front-haul modules were proposed, the current standard status of 50 Gbit/s modules at home and abroad was detailed, and the development trend of future applications was prospected.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) in differentiating small-duct (SD) and large-duct (LD) types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods This study retrospectively enrolled 110 patients with pathologically confirmed ICC lesions who were subject to preoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations between January 2022 and February 2023. Patients were further classified according to the subtype: SD-type and LD-type, and an optimal predictive model was established and validated using the above pilot cohort. The test cohort, consisting of 48 patients prospectively enrolled from March 2023 to September 2023, was evaluated. Results In the pilot cohort, compared with SD-type ICCs, more LD-type ICCs showed elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (p

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogenic CD8 + natural killer T (CD8+ NKT) immunotherapy combined with gefitinib in the treatment of advanced or metastatic EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This study is prospective. The NSCLC patients with exon 19 (Ex19del) or exon 21 L858R point mutations, and response to gefitinib treatment were enrolled into the trial to be randomly assigned into the gefitinib arm and the gefitinib/NKT arm. Allogenic CD8+ NKT cells were cultured in vitro and adaptive transferred into the patients via vein in the gefitinib/NKT arm. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoint analysis included time to disease progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), levels of serum tumour markers for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood, the response rate and safety. From July 2017 to June 2021, 19 patients were randomly assigned to the gefitinib arm (n = 8) and the gefitinib/NKT arm (n = 11). Results: The estimated median survival PFS in the gefitinib/NKT arm was significantly longer than that of the gefitinib arm (12 months vs 7 months). Similar results were also observed for the median TTP. Moreover, the gefitinib/NKT arm had better CEA control than the gefitinib arm. Clinical grade 3 adverse reactions occurred in 64% and 39% of patients in the gefitinib/NKT arm and the gefitinib arm, respectively. The most common grade 3 adverse events in the gefitinib/NKT arm included abnormal liver function in 8 cases (73%) and diarrhoea in 1 case (9%), both of which resolved after drug intervention. Conclusion: The PFS of EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC treated with allogenic CD8+ NKT cells combined with gefitinib was longer than that of gefitinib alone. No obvious serious adverse reactions occurred, and the patients compliance and survival status were good.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses against malignant cells by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). According to recent studies, tumor cell-derived DNA molecules act as DAMPs and are recognized by DNA sensors in DCs. Once identified by sensors in DCs, these DNA molecules trigger multiple signaling cascades to promote various cytokines secretion, including type I IFN, and then to induce DCs mediated antitumor immunity. As one of the potential attractive strategies for cancer therapy, various agonists targeting DNA sensors are extensively explored including the combination with other cancer immunotherapies or the direct usage as major components of cancer vaccines. Moreover, this review highlights different mechanisms through which tumor-derived DNA initiates DCs activation and the mechanisms through which the tumor microenvironment regulates DNA sensing of DCs to promote tumor immune escape. The contributions of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors in tumor therapy to the DNA sensing of DCs are also discussed. Finally, recent clinical progress in tumor therapy utilizing agonist-targeted DNA sensors is summarized. Indeed, understanding more about DNA sensing in DCs will help to understand more about tumor immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of DC-targeted treatment in cancer.

Abstract Background Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a cystic tumor of the pancreas arising from abnormal papillary proliferation of ductal epithelial cells, and is a precancerous lesion of pancreatic malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate associations between acute pancreatitis (AP) and histologic subtypes of IPMN. Methods In the clinical study, patients with IPMN confirmed by surgical resection specimens at our institute between 2009 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Associations and predictive accuracy of AP on the presence of HGD were determined by logistic regressions. In addition, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through literatures upon search in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CKNI), and Wanfang database, up to June, 2023. Pooled effects of the associations between AP and HGD and intestinal epithelial subtype subtype, shown as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using random effects model. Results The retrospective cohort study included 47 patients (32 males, 15 females) diagnosed with IPMN at our center between 2009 and 2021, including 11 cases with AP (median 62 years) and 36 cases (median 64.5 years) without. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of AP in predicting HGD were 78.7%, 57.1%, 82.5%, 36.4%, and 91.7%, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that AP group had greater odds of presence of HGD (OR: 6.29,95% CI: 1.14–34.57) than non-AP group. Meta-analysis of five case-control studies in the literature included 930 patients and showed that AP-IPMN patients had higher odds for HGD (OR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.38–3.29) and intestinal epithelial subtype (OR: 5.38, 95% CI: 3.50–8.27) compared to non-AP IPMN. Conclusions AP is predictive of malignancy in patients with IPMN.

Abstract The semi‐hydrogenation of alkyne to form Z‐olefins with high conversion and high selectivity is still a huge challenge in the chemical industry. Moreover, flammable and explosive hydrogen as the common hydrogen source of this reaction increases the cost and danger of industrial production. Herein, we connect the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and the semi‐hydrogenation reaction of alkynes in series and successfully realize the high selective production of Z‐alkenes using low‐cost, safe, and green water as the proton source. Before the cascade reaction, a series of isomorphic metal–organic cage catalysts (CoxZn8−xL6, x = 0, 3, 4, 5, and 8) are designed and synthesized to improve the yield of the photocatalytic hydrogen production. Among them, Co5Zn3L6 shows the highest photocatalytic activity, with a H2 generation rate of 8.81 mmol g−1 h−1. Then, Co5Zn3L6 is further applied in the above tandem reaction to efficiently reduce alkynes to Z‐alkenes under ambient conditions, which can reach high conversion of >98% and high selectivity of >99%, and maintain original catalytic activity after multiple cycles. This “one‐pot” tandem reaction can achieve a highly selective and safe stepwise conversion from water into hydrogen into Z‐olefins under mild reaction conditions.

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that adipocytes play an active role in the cancer microenvironment. We have previously reported that adipocytes interact with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, contributing to chemotherapy resistance and treatment failure. In the present study, we investigated whether part of this resistance is due to adipocyte provision of lipids to ALL cells.MethodsWe cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and tested whether ALL cells or ALL-released cytokines induced FFA release. We investigated whether ALL cells took up these FFA, and using fluorescent tagged BODIPY-FFA and lipidomics, evaluated which lipid moieties were being transferred from adipocytes to ALL. We evaluated the effects of adipocyte-derived lipids on ALL cell metabolism using a Seahorse XF analyzer and expression of enzymes important for lipid metabolism, and tested whether these lipids could protect ALL cells from chemotherapy. Finally, we evaluated a panel of lipid synthesis and metabolism inhibitors to determine which were affected by the presence of adipocytes.ResultsAdipocytes release free fatty acids (FFA) when in the presence of ALL cells. These FFA are taken up by the ALL cells and incorporated into triglycerides and phospholipids. Some of these lipids are stored in lipid droplets, which can be utilized in states of fuel deprivation. Adipocytes preferentially release monounsaturated FFA, and this can be attenuated by inhibiting the desaturating enzyme steroyl-CoA decarboxylase-1 (SCD1). Adipocyte-derived FFA can relieve ALL cell endogenous lipogenesis and reverse the cytotoxicity of pharmacological acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibition. Further, adipocytes alter ALL cell metabolism, shifting them from glucose to FFA oxidation. Interestingly, the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, protects ALL cells from modest concentrations of chemotherapy, such as those that might be present in the ALL microenvironment. In addition, targeting lipid synthesis and metabolism can potentially reverse adipocyte protection of ALL cells.ConclusionThese findings uncover a previously unidentified interaction between ALL cells and adipocytes, leading to transfer of FFA for use as a metabolic fuel and macromolecule building block. This interaction may contribute to ALL resistance to chemotherapy, and could potentially be targeted to improve ALL treatment outcome.