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"Objective To investigate the cognition and behavior of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 50 and above in Funing County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, and to evaluate its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to conduct cluster random sampling. A total of 84 sampling sites (2 of which were pre-test sites) registered in the Chronic Disease Information Center of Funing County Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Jiangsu Province, were selected from patients with type 2 diabetes aged 50 and above. They were investigated by questionnaires, biochemical examination and ocular examinations (including daily visual acuity, anterior segment, and fundus examinations) to understand the general condition, disease history, blood glucose control, presence or absence of DR and the cognitive-behavioral rate of DR (including cognition and behavior). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors affecting cognition and behavior related to DR. Results A total of 2 067 diabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 1 965 completed the survey, and 1 816 with completion of questionnaire data were included in the statistical analysis. Among them, 666(36.67%) patients were diagnosed with DR. A questionnaire survey containing 12 items was conducted on 1 816 patients, with the total number of cases investigated being 21 792, and the total number of correct answers for the 12 questions being 5 893, so the total cognitive-behavioral rate of DR knowledge was 27.04%. The cognitive-behavioral rate of “what are the ways to learn about DR?” was the highest (60.19%), 26.10% of patients were told by their doctors, “diabetes can cause eye disease” was secondly (58.09%), and “have you attended any DR-related seminars?” was the lowest (3.41%). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that income（OR=1.735， 95%CI： 1.013-2.970）and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (OR=1.324， 95%CI： 1.031-1.700) were independent risk factors for the cognition and behavior of DR (P＜0.05). 〖JP3〗 Conclusion In the existing chronic disease management system, the cognition and behavior of DR prevention and treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 50 and above in Funing County are relatively low. In order to prevent the onset and progression of DR, it is necessary to strengthen health education and screening, especially from the perspectives of income and HbA1c levels."

Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in aquatic environments, causing harm to aquatic organisms and posing a threat to human health. MP risk assessment has therefore attracted increasing attention; yet few studies have been conducted on the water quality criteria (WQC) of MPs in the surface waters of China. Herein, data on the toxicity of MPs in aquatic species were reviewed, and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method was employed to determine the WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms against MP pollution. Criteria included the maximum concentration (CMC) and the continuous concentration (CCC). In addition, the ecological risk posed by MPs in China's main aquatic systems was assessed using a probabilistic method. The CMC and CCC were estimated at 59.42 μg/L (1.67 × 107 particles/M3) and 93.94 μg/L (2.90 × 105 particles/M3), respectively. The ecological risk levels of MP pollution across the seven aquatic systems in China were as follows: Yangtze, Pearl, Yellow, SongHua, LiaoHe, HaiHe, and HuaiHe Rivers. Although the average concentrations of seven rivers are all far lower than the CCC and CMC values obtained in this study, MP pollution might have harmful effects on aquatic organisms in some regions, necessitating tighter water quality management with regard to MPs in the future. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were established using microplastic (MP) toxicity data. The criteria maximum concentration (CMC) and criteria continuous concentration (CCC) of MPs for protection of aquatic organisms were derived. A probabilistic method was used to assess the ecological risk of MPs in major Chinese river systems. MP pollution might harm aquatic organisms in certain regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]