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Background: Poliovirus receptor (PVR) and its receptor system, including TIGIT, CD226, and CD96, play a pivotal role in orchestrating tumor immune evasion. Upon engagement with PVR on tumor cells, CD96 exerts inhibitory effects on the function of T cells and NK cells, thereby fostering tumor immune evasion. Therefore, screening of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the CD96/PVR pathway will provide promising candidates for tumor immunotherapy. Results: In this investigation, we employed MOE software to conduct virtual screening of small molecules from the FDA-approved drug library. Our results demonstrated that Epinastine exhibited high affinity for CD96, thereby effectively disrupting the interaction between CD96 and PVR. In vitro co-culture experiments further revealed that Epinastine effectively restored the ability of Jurkat cells to secrete IL-2. In the MC38 tumor-bearing model, Epinastine significantly enhanced the infiltration of T cells and NK cells into the tumor site and augmented their secretion of IFN-γ, leading to effective suppression of tumor growth. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the development of small molecule inhibitor Epinastine targeting CD96/PVR pathway, which proposed a promising strategy and drug candidate for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of abnormal epithelial cells and immature and mature immune cells in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) affect histopathological features, the degree of malignancy, and the response to treatment. Here, gene expression, trajectory inference, and T cell antigen receptor (TCR)‐based lineage tracking are profiled in TETs at single‐cell resolution. An original subpopulation of KRT14+ progenitor cells with a spindle cell phenotype is shown. An abnormal infiltration of immature T cells with a TCR hyper‐rearrangement state is revealed, due to the lack of CCL21+ medullary epithelial cells. For thymic carcinoma, the novel biomarkers of MSLN, CCL20, and SLC1A5 are identified and observed an elevated expression of LAG3 and HAVCR2 in malignant tumorn‐infiltrating mature T cells. These common features based on the single‐cell populations may inform pathological reclassification of TETs. Meanwhile, it is found that macrophages (MACs) attract thymic tumor cells through the LGALS9‐SLC1A5 axis, providing them with glutamine to elicit metabolic reprogramming. This MAC‐based metabolic pattern can promote malignancy progression. Additionally, an interactive immune environment in TETs is identified that correlates with the infiltration of abnormal FOXI1+ CFTR− ionocytes. Collectively, the data broaden the knowledge of TET cellular ecosystems, providing a basis for tackling histopathological diagnosis and related treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rapid development of edge computing, optimizing data transmission and reducing latency is crucial for efficient collaborative processing among edge servers. Traditional TCP/IP protocols are hindered by high latency and low throughput, while RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access) technology addresses these challenges by enabling direct memory access and bypassing the operating system kernel. However, the RDMA data transmission mechanism based on sliding windows requires frequent memory status exchanges in the order of memory blocks, which can limit its ability to handle multiple concurrent tasks within a single Queue Pair (QP). To address the limitations of the traditional sliding window transmission mechanism in multi-task environments, we propose a novel RDMA data transmission mechanism that utilizes status bytes to indicate memory block utilization, which utilizes stateless server connections, and multi-task shared QP transmission strategies. In the proposed mechanism, fine-grained control over memory blocks is achieved through the status byte, thereby enabling effective multi-task real-time video stream transmission. Experimental results show that, compared to the sliding window method, the proposed status-byte-assisted RDMA transmission mechanism provides higher throughput, lower latency, and reduced resource consumption, thus enhancing system scalability and reducing CPU utilization. Moreover, this mechanism achieves more stable throughput than the sliding window method when transmitting multiple real-time video streams in edge computing scenarios, making it particularly suitable for data transmission in such environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel series of PMo12-TiO2 composites deposited with Pt nanoparticles (NPs), namely X%Pt/PMo12/TiO2 (PMo12 = H3PMo12O40; X stands for wt% of Pt to the PMo12/TiO2 sample and X = 3, 5, 8, and 10), were prepared through a simple electrospinning/calcination method, followed by photoreduction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that Pt NPs with an average size of 10 ± 5 nm are well dispersed on the PMo12/TiO2 nanofibers. Photocatalytic tests revealed that the as-prepared Pt/PMo12/TiO2 composite catalysts exhibited excellent and persistent photocatalytic activity for removing methyl orange, tetracycline, Bisphenol A and Cr(VI) under visible-light illumination (λ > 420 nm). Among the as-prepared composites, the 8%Pt/PMo12/TiO2 sample displayed the best photocatalytic activity with the rate constants of 0.011 min−1 (MO), 0.043 min−1 (TC), 0.00615 min−1 (Bisphenol A) and 0.053 min−1 (Cr(VI)). The addition of POM PMo12 to the composites enhanced the visible-light adsorption and redox ability of TiO2. Furthermore, Pt NPs exhibited localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption, therefore improving the absorption of visible light by PMo12/TiO2. Additionally, intense local electromagnetic fields resulted from LSPR, which greatly facilitated the separation of photo-produced charge carriers in Pt/PMo12/TiO2. The results of free radical- and hole-trapping tests suggested that ˙OH and ˙O2− were responsible for the degradation of MO/TC. Finally, the corresponding photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]