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Abstract Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs neonatal weight and causes multiple organ dysplasia. IUGR not only threatens human health but is also a significant constraint to the development of animal husbandry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IUGR remains to be further elucidated. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNAs) is a regulative non-coding RNA, which has recently been reported to correlate with the onset and progression of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the tsRNAs expression profiles of IUGR pigs. A tsRNAs dataset for multiple organs in normal and IUGR pigs was generated, including muscle, liver, spleen and intestine. We further analyzed the characteristics of tsRNAs in different organs of pigs, and KEGG pathway analysis was performed to investigate possible pathways involved. This dataset will provide valuable information for further exploring the molecular mechanism of IUGR formation.

Genome-wide CRISPR library screening technology is a gene function research tool developed based on the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated genes (CRISPR/Cas) system, considered the third generation of gene editing after zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), is widely used for screening various viral host factors. CRISPR libraries are classified into three main categories based on the different functions of Cas9 enzymes: CRISPR knockout (CRISPR KO) library screening, CRISPR transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) library screening, and CRISPR transcriptional interference (CRISPRi) library screening. Recently, genome-wide CRISPR library screening technology has been used to identify host factors that interact with viruses at various stages, including adsorption, endocytosis, and replication. By specifically modulating the expression of these host factors, it becomes possible to cultivate disease-resistant varieties, establish disease models, and design and develop vaccines, among other applications. This review provides an overview of the development and technical processes of genome-wide CRISPR library screening, as well as its applications in identifying viral host factors in livestock and poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Long-term domestication in high-altitude environments has led to unique changes in the gut microbiota of Tibetan Pigs. This study aims to investigate specific alterations in the intestinal flora of Tibetan Pigs compared to Yorkshire pigs. Methods: We employed 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing technologies for comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota. The data collected allowed us to assess microbial community structures and functional capabilities. Results: Our analysis revealed that Tibetan Pigs raised under a "free-range + supplementary feeding" model exhibited increased abundance of microbial communities associated with short-chain fatty acid synthesis and the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose. Notably, the characteristic bacterium Rhodococcus , commonly found in high-altitude environments, was enriched in the gut microbiota of Tibetan Pigs, facilitating the efficient utilization of natural compounds and degradation of toxic substances. Additionally, the increased abundance of probiotics in these pigs enhances their immunity, which may involve mechanisms such as disrupting the structure of pathogenic bacteria and detoxifying harmful metabolites. Discussion: These findings underscore the advantages of Tibetan Pigs over common commercial breeds, highlighting their unique gut microbiota adaptations. Furthermore, they open new avenues for screening potential probiotics and developing genetic breeding strategies for improved livestock varieties. Conclusion: Understanding the distinct gut microbiota of Tibetan Pigs provides valuable insights into their health benefits and resilience, contributing to future research on breed improvement and microbiome applications in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: L -arginine is an α-amino acid and a semi-essential nutrient of significant biological interest. It plays a role in influencing various aspects of animal meat traits, gut microbiota composition, and physiological metabolism. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of L -arginine supplementation on gut microbiota composition and the metabolism of the longissimus dorsi muscle in fattening pigs. Eighteen Yorkshire commercial pigs were divided into two groups: a control group that received no supplements and a treatment group that was given 1% L -arginine for 52 days. The diversity and composition of microorganisms in the feces of the control (NC) and L-arginine (Arg) groups were analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3 -V4 region of the bacterial genome. Results: The findings indicated that L -arginine supplementation increased both the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, particularly affecting the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant changes in several metabolism-related pathways, including amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis identified 85 differential metabolites between the arginine and control groups, with phospholipids ranking among the top 20. Additionally, functional predictions indicated an increased abundance in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Correlation analysis linked changes in gut microbiota to phospholipid levels, which subsequently influenced post-slaughter meat color and drip loss. Discussion: These results suggest that L -arginine supplementation positively impacts gut microbiota composition and the metabolic profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in fattening pigs, with potential implications for meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follicle development refers to the process in which the follicles in the ovary gradually develop from the primary stage to a mature state, and most primary follicles fail to develop normally, without forming a dense granular cell layer and cell wall, which is identified as atretic follicles. Granulosa cells assist follicle development by producing hormones and providing support, and interference in the interaction between granulosa cells and oocytes may lead to the formation of atretic follicles. Ferroptosis, as a non-apoptotic form of death, is caused by cells accumulating lethal levels of iron-dependent phospholipid peroxides. Healthy follicles ranging from 4 to 5 mm were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (DMSO) and treatment group (10 uM of ferroptosis inducer erastin). Each group was sequenced after three repeated cultures for 24 h. We found that ferroptosis was associated with atretic follicles and that the in vitro treatment of healthy follicles with the ferroptosis inducer erastin produced a phenotype similar to that of atretic follicles. Overall, our study elucidates that tRF-1:30-Gly-GCC-2 is involved in the apoptosis and ferroptosis of GCs. Mechanistically, tRF-1:30-Gly-GCC-2 inhibits granulosa cell proliferation and promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). tRF-1:30-Gly-GCC-2 may be a novel molecular target for improving the development of atretic follicles in ovarian dysfunction. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of granulosa cell dysfunction and follicular atresia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese Qingyu pig breed is an invaluable indigenous genetic resource. However, few studies have investigated the genetic architecture of meat quality traits in Qingyu pigs. Here, 30 purebred Qingyu pigs were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. After quality control, 18 436 759 SNPs were retained. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were then performed for meat pH and color at three postmortem time points (45 min, 24 h, and 48 h) using single-marker regression analysis. In total, 11 and 69 SNPs were associated with meat pH and color of the longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM), respectively, while 54 and 29 SNPs were associated with meat pH and color of the semimembranosus muscle (SM), respectively. Seven SNPs associated with pork pH were shared by all three postmortem time points. Several candidate genes for meat traits were identified, including four genes (CXXC5, RYR3, BN1P3, and MYCT1) related to skeletal muscle development, regulation of [Ca.sup.2+] release in the muscle, and anaerobic respiration, which are promising candidates for selecting superior meat quality traits in Qingyu pigs. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the postmortem genetic architecture of pork pH and color in Qingyu pigs. Our findings further the current understanding of the genetic factors influencing meat quality. Keywords: pork color, pork pH, GWAS, SNPs, Qingyu pigs. La race porcine chinoise Qingyu est une ressource genetique de grande valeur. Cependant, peu d'etudes ont examine l'architecture des caracteres de la qualite de la viande chez le porc Qingyu. Dans ce travail, 30 porcs Qingyu de race pure ont ete assujettis a un sequencage du genome complet. Apres controle de qualite, 18 436 759 SNP ont ete retenus. Des analyses pangenomiques d'association (GWAS) ont ensuite ete realisees pour le pH et la couleur de la viande a trois temps post-mortem (45 min., 24 h et 48 h) au moyen d'une analyse de regression sur marqueurs individuels. Au total, 11 et 69 SNP etaient associes respectivement avec le pH et la couleur du muscle longissimus thoracis (LTM), tandis que 54 et 29 SNP etaient associes respectivement au pH et a la couleur du muscle semimembranosus (SM). Sept SNP associes au pH etaient communs aux trois temps etudies. Plusieurs genes candidats pour des proprietes de la viande ont ete identifies, incluant quatre genes (CXXC5, RYR3, BN1P3 et MYCT1) lies au developpement des muscles squelettiques, la regulation de la liberation intramusculaire du [Ca.sup.2+] et la respiration anaerobique, lesquels sont des candidats prometteurs pour ameliorer la qualite de la viande chez les porcs Qingyu. Ces resultats contribuent a ameliorer la connaissance des facteurs genetiques qui influencent la qualite de la viande. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : couleur chez le porc, pH chez le porc, GWAS, SNP, porcs Qingyu., Introduction The Chinese Qingyu pig breed is an invaluable Chinese genetic resource. Qingyu pigs are mainly distributed in a narrow region within the mountainous areas of Sichuan Province, China. It [...]

The estrogen receptor (ESR) gene and follicle-stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) gene are responsible for litter traits. The present study aimed to verify the polymorphisms of ESR and FSHβ and assess their effects on the litter traits in 201 Large White pigs. Four SNPs (g.C669T, g.A1296G, g.C1665T and g.A1755G) were found in ESR. The TT genotype at g.C1665T locus and AA genotype at g.A1755G locus could significantly increase the total litter size of the first litter of American Large White pigs (p < 0.05). Eight SNPs were found in exon 3 of FSHβ. The AA genotype at g.A511G locus, AA and AG genotypes at g.A617G locus, CC and CT genotypes at g.C630T locus, CT and TT genotypes at g.C652T locus, CT and TT genotypes at g.C735T locus, AA and AG genotypes at g.A746G, AA and AG genotypes at g.A921G and CT genotype at g.C678T could significantly increase the litter size of different strains of Large White pigs (p < 0.05). Our study revealed that the genetic variations of ESR and FSHβ were closely related to the litter trait of Large White pigs. Therefore, ESR and FSHβ genes could be used as molecular markers for the genetic selection of Large White pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a novel non-coding RNA with important functions corresponding to various cellular stresses, the function of tRFs in angiogenesis remains unclear. Firstly, small RNA sequencing was performed on normal and post-muscle injury mouse tibialis anterior muscle to identify and analyse differentially expressed tRF/tiRNA. tRNA GlnCTG-derived fragments (tRFGlnCTG) were found to be overexpressed in high abundance in the damaged muscle. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that the overexpression of tRFGlnCTG suppressed the vascular endothelial cells' viability, cell cycle G1/S transition, proliferation, migration, and tube-formation capacity. Similarly, in vivo experiments showed that the tRFGlnCTG decreased the relative mRNA levels of vascular endothelial cell markers and pro-angiogenic factors and reduced the proportion of CD31-positive cells. Finally, luciferase activity analysis confirmed that the tRFGlnCTG directly targeted the 3′UTR of Antxr1, leading to a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of the target gene. These results suggest that tRFGlnCTG is a key regulator of vascular endothelial cell function. The results provide a new idea for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms that regulate angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]