Search

ObjectiveTo investigate the resistance level of adult Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in urban areas of Huzhou City， and analyze the trend of insecticide resistance.MethodsAedes albopictus larvae were collected from different urban areas of Huzhou City in 2019 and 2020. The larvae were reared to adults for determining resistance using the WHO standard test kits by contact tube method.ResultsThe mortality was 97.06%‒100.00% in adult Aedes albopictus mosquitoes exposed to 0.4% beta-cypermethrin， 0.1% deltamethrin， 0.5% malathion， 0.05% propoxur and 3% permethrin in 2019. While the adult mosquitoes exposed to 0.4% beta Cypermethrin， 0.08% beta Cypermethrin， 0.03% deltamethrin， 0.4% permethrin， 0.5% malathion and 0.02% propoxur in 2020， the adjusted mortality were 98.58%， 89.09%， 85.64%， 91.34%， 91.43% and 100% respectively . When the insecticide doses on medicated paper were high， the Huzhou populations of Aedes albopictus were sensitive to beta-cypermethrin， deltamethrin， malathion and propoxur， and showed suspected resistance to permethrin. While the Aedes albopictus were exposed to low testing dose， they showed suspected resistance to beta-cypermethrin， deltamethrin， permethrin and malathion， but remained to be sensitive to propoxur.ConclusionThe adult Aedes albopictus in Huzhou City from 2019 to 2020 was still sensitive to propoxur， but their resistance to malathion changes from sensitive to resistant. When the contact tube method is used for insecticide resistance， it is suggested that the accurate diagnostic dose should be obtained first before conducting further insecticide resistance tests.

Meningococcal vaccination in Chinese national immunization program (NIP) includes polysaccharide vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (MPV-A) and polysaccharide vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and C(MPV-AC). This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of an alternative strategy using polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A,C,W,Y(MCV-ACWY) and polysaccharide vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A,C,W,Y(MPV-ACWY). From a societal perspective, we constructed a decision tree-Markov model to simulate the economic and health consequences of meningococcal disease in a 2023 birth cohort with the current meningococcal vaccination strategy and the alternative. Parameters of epidemiology, vaccine efficacy, cost, and utility were extracted from database and previous literatures. The sensitivity analysis was implemented to evaluate the robustness of the model. Compared to the current practice, the alternative strategy could avoid 513 meningococcal disease cases, 53 sequelae and 47 deaths. The ICER was estimated at $16899.81 /QALY, under the threshold of one time of the GDP per capita of Zhejiang province in 2023. The incidence of meningococcemia, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis, the case fatality of meningococcemia, the vaccine efficacy of MCV-ACWY and the price of MCV-ACWY would influence the cost-effectiveness of the meningococcal vaccination strategies. At the threshold, the probability of cost-effectiveness was 14.76% for the current strategy and 55.98% for the alternative strategy, respectively. The current meningococcal vaccination strategy had effectively prevented meningococcal disease at a low cost, but with limited serogroup coverage. Strategy using MCV-ACWY and MPV-ACWY could increase health benefits at a substantial cost at a cost-effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The resurgence of pertussis has occurred around the world. However, the epidemiological profiles of pertussis cannot be well understood by current diseases surveillance. This study was designed to understand the seroepidemiological characteristics of pertussis infection in the general population of Huzhou City, evaluate the prevalence infection of pertussis in the population, and offer insights to inform adjustments in pertussis prevention and control strategies. Methods: From September to October 2023, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in Huzhou City, involving 1015 permanent residents. Serum samples were collected from the study subjects, and pertussis toxin IgG antibodies (Anti-PT-IgG) were quantitatively measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The analysis included the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of Anti-PT-IgG, rates of GMC≥40IU/mL, ≥100IU/mL, and <5IU/mL. Stratified comparisons were made based on age, vaccination history, and human categories. Results: Among the 1015 surveyed individuals, the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of Anti-PT-IgG was 10.52 (95% CI: 9.96–11.11) IU/mL, with a recent infection rate of 1.58%, a serum positivity rate of 11.43%, and a proportion with <5IU/mL of 40.49%. Among 357 children with clear vaccination history, susceptibility decreased with an increasing number of vaccine doses (Z = -6.793, P < 0.001). The concentration of Anti-PT-IgG exhibited a significant post-vaccination decline over time (Z = -5.143, P < 0.001). In women of childbearing age, the GMC of Anti-PT-IgG was 7.71 (95% CI: 6.90–8.62) IU/mL, with no significant difference in susceptibility among different age groups (χ2 = 0.545, P = 0.909). The annual pertussis infection rate in individuals aged ≥3 years was 9321 (95%CI: 3336–16039) per 100,000, with peak infection rates in the 20–29, 40–49, and 5–9 age groups at 34363 (95%CI: 6327–66918) per 100,000, 22307.72 (95%CI: 1380–47442) per 100,000, and 18020(95%CI: 1093–37266) per 100,000, respectively. Conclusions: In 2023, the actual pertussis infection rate in the population of Huzhou City was relatively high. Vaccine-induced antibodies exhibit a rapid decay, and the estimated serum infection rate increases rapidly from post-school age, peaking in the 20–29 age group. It is recommended to enhance pertussis monitoring in adolescents and adults and refine vaccine immunization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on plot research along the riparian zone of Jialing River, analysis and statistics on all vascular plants are as follows: (1) These plants included 9 families, 12genera,21 species of the pteridophyta; 1 family,1 genera,1 species of gyrnnosperrn; 67 families,188 genera,306 species of angiospertn; (2)The flora is mainly composed of annual herb species,biennial or perennial herb species and shrub species; (3)In the riparian zone statistics of vascular plants showed that the area types of family, genera and species are abundant. For family types there are 7 types and 5 subtypes;for genera types,there are 14 types and 17 subtypes,and for species types, there are 15 types and 17 subtypes; (4)In the riparian zone the phenomena of dominant families and genera is obvious; (5) The riparian flora showed temperate in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]