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Nb doped MnCe0.2Ox complex oxides catalysts prepared via a homogeneous precipitation method were investigated for synergistic catalytic removal of NOx and chlorobenzene (CB) at low temperatures. The MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox catalyst with a molar ratio of Nb/Mn = 0.4 exhibits excellent activity and the NOx and CB removal efficiency reaches 94.5% and 96% at 220 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the NOx and CB removal efficiency of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox still remains above 80% after injecting 300 ppm SO2 and 7 vol% H2O for 36 h. In addition, the presence of CB and NOx + NH3 can improve the NOx and CB removal efficiency of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox, respectively. The analysis results from N2-BET, Py-IR, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD reveal that the introduction of Nb increases the average pore size, pore volume and surface area, promoted the growth of Lewis acid amount obviously, and enhances redox ability of MnCe0.2Ox at 100–250 °C. Moreover, the molecular migration process of NOx, NH3, CB and SO2 in NH3-SCR and CB oxidation reaction over MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox catalysts were systematically studied. In situ DRIFTS, FT-IR and XPS also confirm that the adsorption of sulfate species and SO2 on the surface of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox is inhibited effectively by the introduction of Nb in the presence of SO2 and H2O. Moreover, Nb additives also enhance the structural stability of MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox, due to the interactions among Mn, Nb and Ce. The NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and in situ DRIFTS results also confirm that the MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox still retains abundant acid sites and high redox ability in the presence of SO2 and H2O. In summary, MnNb0.4Ce0.2Ox catalysts represent a promising and effective candidate for controlling NOx and CB at low temperatures.

A series of TiO2 catalyst carriers with ceria additives were prepared by a precipitation method and tested for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3. These samples were characterized by XRD, N2-BET, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, TEM, XPS and in situ DRIFTS, respectively. Results showed that the appropriate addition of ceria can enhance the catalytic activity and thermostability of TiO2 catalyst carriers significantly. The maximum catalytic activity of Ti-Ce-Ox-500 is 98.5% at 400 °C with a GHSV of 100 000 h−1 and the high catalytic activity still remains even after the treatment at high temperature for 24 h. The high catalytic performance of Ti-Ce-Ox-500 can be attributed to a series of superior properties, such as larger specific surface area, more Bronsted acid sites, more hydrogen consumption, and the higher proportion of chemisorbed oxygen. Ceria atoms can inhibit the crystalline grain growth and the collapse of small channels caused by high temperatures. Furthermore, in situ DRIFTS in different feed gases show that the SCR reaction over Ti-Ce-Ox-500 follows both E-R and L-H mechanisms.

A novel TiCe0.25Sn0.25Ox catalyst was designed and prepared by a sol-gel method for synergetic removal of NO and elemental mercury (Hg0) from flue gas. The as-designed TiCe0.25Sn0.25Ox catalyst achieved a synergetic removal efficiency of NO (NH3-SCR) and Hg0 (Hg0 oxidation) of 95%, 85% and 70%, 65% (after 300 ppm SO2 and 6 vol% H2O were injected) at 200 °C under simulated flue gases conditions, respectively. Moreover, the mercury, which gathered on the surface of TiCe0.25Sn0.25Ox after adsorption and oxidation, could be released and collected by the thermal decomposition method, avoiding the secondary pollution by mercury. The mechanism underlying the synergetic removal of NO and Hg0 was also investigated using various characterization techniques. The synergistic catalysis between redox and solid acid contributed to the synergetic removal of NO and Hg0 over TiCe0.25Sn0.25Ox. The results of XRD and XPS revealed that the lattice oxygen was a key factor for Hg0 oxidation reaction. The results of N2-physisorption, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and Py-IR illustrated that TiCe0.25Sn0.25Ox possessed the mesopores structure, suitable particle sizes, the excellent redox and weak acid (Lewis sites) properties, contributing to its high NO and Hg0 removal efficiency. Furthermore, the removal of NO and Hg0 showed a synergetic effect. The analysis of Hg-TPD and (NO + O2)-TPD had confirmed that the mid-product NO2 of NH3-SCR reaction was favorable for Hg0 oxidation. In summary, the TiCe0.25Sn0.25Ox possesses not only good synergetic removal performance for NO and Hg0 but also satisfactory anti-sulfur performance, which is a promising candidate for the effective and economical removal of NO and Hg0 in the cement and steel industries.

The Mn-Ce-Nb-Ox/P84 catalytic filter for removal of particulates and NO simultaneous was prepared by a novel method (foam coating method). The process parameters including the concentrations of PTFE emulsion, particle size of catalyst and calcination temperature for preparation of catalytic filters were analyzed. In addition, the physical properties and performance for removal of NO (NH3-SCR) and particulates of Mn-Ce-Nb-Ox/P84 catalytic filter prepared under the optimized parameters, were also systematic studied. Results show that the process parameters had significant influences on stability and performance of catalytic filter. The Mn-Ce-Nb-Ox/P84 catalytic filter prepared by foam coating method under the optimized parameters, has satisfactory physical properties and catalytic performance for removal of NO and particulates at 140–220 °C. The NO removal efficiency of catalytic filter can reach 95.3% at 200 °C as the catalyst loading amount is 450 g/m2. Moreover, the dust removal efficiency of Mn-Ce-Nb-Ox/P84 catalytic filter reaches as high as 99.98%, and the PM2.5 removal efficiency also reaches 99.98%. The anti-sulfur performance of Mn-Ce-Nb-Ox catalytic filter is also attractive, after injecting 150 ppm SO2, the NO removal efficiency still retains up to 85%. It is indicated that the foam coating method can not only make a bond of high strength between catalyst and filter, but also make the catalytic filter possessing an excellent and stable performance for removal of NO and particulates.

The proper design of an NaCl-induced nickel–cobalt inverse spinel structure is reported as a promising catalyst for boosting H2 evolution from the energy benign sources of ethyl acetate and water. The designed NiCo0.5Oy/NaCl catalyst exhibits the optimal performance with ∼100% EA conversion, 88.1% H2 selectivity and high stability during autothermal reforming at 650 °C and achieves a very high H2 selectivity of 96.3% at 600 °C by accelerating the water–gas shifting reaction (the rate-determining step). The multiple (NixCo1−x)(NiyCo2−y)O4 inverse spinel structures play significant roles in the enhanced catalytic performance. Benefiting from the unique advantages of (i) stable inverse spinel structures, (ii) abundant domains and defects, (iii) abnormal Ni2+/Ni3+ (0.36) and Co2+/Co3+ (3.03) ratios, and (iv) rich redox ability, the catalyst possesses high adsorption capacity towards EA and H2O, abundant active sites and fast electron exchange ability between the reactants and the catalyst. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits a highly efficient and robust hydrocarbon fuel reforming performance. These findings will lead to the development of novel catalysts based on inverse spinels for hydrogen production applications.

N, S, and B-doped graphene was fabricated by thermally treating graphene oxide with heteroatom-containing precursors and its catalytic behavior for NO decomposition reaction was evaluated. For the first time, the feasibility for heteroatom-doped graphene to be effectively used for decomposing NO was experimentally confirmed. The activity of different heteroatom-doped graphene follows the order: N-doped graphene > S-doped graphene > B-doped graphene. The electronegativity difference, specific area, and unique functional groups (pyridinic N and thiophene S) of the heteroatom-doped graphene play a crucial role in the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the effect of pyridinic N and thiophene S on the reaction mechanism was proposed. Pyridinic N and thiophene S can transfer extra electrons into π-antibonding orbit of NO, thus weakening N–O bond.

A series of Ba-modified MnCeOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method and tested for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 at low temperature. The results showed that Ba additives obviously improved the catalytic performance of the MnCeOx/TiO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR, and the BaMnCeOx/TiO2 catalyst with 3 wt% BaO exhibited the optimal catalytic performance. Moreover, the introduction of Ba also improved the resistances toward water vapor and SO2 of catalysts. The N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the addition of Ba increased the specific surface area, redox properties, and concentrations of surface Mn4+ and chemisorbed oxygen of catalysts. Furthermore, NH3-TPD and NO-TPD were used to investigate the absorption of NH3 and NO on the catalyst. The results revealed that although the introduction of Ba significantly promoted the adsorption of NO, it also inhibited the adsorption of NH3. Consequently, the catalytic performance of MnCeOx/TiO2 was greatly improved with the Ba additives.

N-doped porous carbon prepared by high-temperature annealing method was developed as the catalyst for significantly enhancing direct decomposition of NO, the efficiency was up to 93% at 500 °C. In addition, the presence of pyridinic N in the N-doped porous carbon was firstly confirmed as the activated site, thus promoting the performance.

Controllable synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via autothermal reforming of ethyl acetate and waste cooking oil was studied for the first time. The products of the products were characterized by techniques of FESEM, XRD, HRTEM, Raman and XPS. Results revealed that reaction temperature, reaction time and reactants significantly affected the growth of CNTs. Ethyl acetate could be easily catalyzed into CNTs at 600 °C, which contained numerous defects and vacancies. High reaction temperatures led to the formation of CNTs with small diameter. The graphitization and purity of CNTs could be improved by increasing the reaction time. Besides, the amount of CNTs decreased by increasing the reaction time at low reaction temperature (

NiMnO3 perovskite catalysts supported on cordierite modified by CexZr1-xO2 coatings were prepared using impregnation and sol–gel methods for catalytic combustion of single/double component VOCs at different concentrations and GHSV of 15,000 h−1, which were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, H2-TPR and O2-TPD. After coating modification, the specific surface area of catalysts is improved obviously. Among the catalysts, the Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 coating modified NiMnO3 catalyst exhibits the best catalytic activity for VOCs combustion with 95.6% conversion at 275 °C and has stable activity when catalyst is embalmed at 800 °C. In addition, the catalyst also presents the excellent water-resistant and conversion stability over time-on-stream condition. The reason is that Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 coating can promote more lattice distortion and defects and smaller crystal size, which improve oxygen transfer capability and dispersion of active component.

In this paper, a new type of biogas jet assisted anaerobic fluidized bed reactor loaded with a polypropylene carrier has been proposed. There was a clear improvement in the fluidized state due to the biogas assisted input when the gas/water ratio was set at 1:3 with a suitable carrier loading of 60%. When the circulating water flow is 30 L/min assisted with biogas 10 L/min, the mixing time shortens from 26 to 18 s. The performance of anaerobic biodegradation on wastewater treatment was improved largely. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and terepthallic acid removal efficiencies were at 85.4% and 84%, respectively, at hydraulic retention time of 20 h, even when the influent COD concentration was as high as 4224 mg/L. In addition, plenty of microorganisms, attached to the carriers and assumed to be the reason behind the organic biodegradation efficiency of the proposed system, were observed using scanning electron microscopy.

A series of Mn-Mo-W-Ox/TiO2-SiO2 catalysts was modified with CeO2 using an extrusion molding method. The catalytic activities of the obtained catalysts were tested for the synergistic catalytic removals of CO, NO and C3H8. The ratio of catalyst composition on catalytic activities for NH3-SCR was optimized, which reveals that the molar ratio of Ti/Si was 9:1 and the catalyst containing 1.5 wt% CeO2 and 12 wt% Mn-Mo-W-Ox exhibits the best catalytic performances. These samples were characterized by XRD, N2-BET, Py-IR, NH3-TPD, SEM/element mapping, H2-TPR and XPS, respectively. Results show that the optimal catalyst exhibits more than 99% NO conversion, 86% CO conversion and 100% C3H8 conversion under GHSV of 5000 h−1. In addition, the GHSV has little influence on removal of NO when it is less than 15,000 h−1. Furthermore, the addition of CeO2 will enhance the surface acidity, increase Mn4+ concentration and inhibit the grain growth, which are favorable for the excellent catalytic performance. Anyway, the 1.5 wt% CeO2-12 wt% Mn-Mo-W-Ox/TiO2-SiO2 possesses outstanding redox properties, abundant acid sites and high Mn4+ concentration, which provide a guarantee for synergistic catalytic removal of CO, NO and HC.

In this paper, CoxMn1−xCeOδ mixed oxides were synthesized using a co-precipitation method. The catalyst’s performance for the benzene combustion reaction was evaluated, and Co0.25Mn0.75CeOδ (CMC-0.25) exhibited good catalytic activity, stability and CO2 selectivity. The prepared catalysts were characterized and analyzed completely by XRD, BET, Raman, TEM and HRTEM, XPS, H2-TPR, and O2-TPD. The results demonstrated that a solid solution was formed with more active oxygen induced by Co doping. Strong interaction effects among Co-Mn-Ce-O were speculated as the main mechanisms underlying the high-efficiency catalytic capacity. The prepared Co-doped Mn-Ce mixed oxides catalyst may be a potential low-cost catalyst alternative to replace industrial noble metal catalysts.

A facile method is to prepare novel CeMoxOy-clay hybrid catalysts with layered structures by using organic cation modified clay as support. During the preparation process, cerium cations and molybdate anions are easily adsorbed and impregnated into the interlamellar space of the organoclay, and after calcination they undergo transformation to highly dispersed CeMoxOy nanoparticles within the interlamellar space of the clay. As expected, the prepared CeMo0.15Ox-OC-T catalysts with layered structures had high selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity such as high NOx conversion of >90% in the wide temperature range of 220–420 °C. Meanwhile, they also exhibit high stability and tolerance to water vapor (5 vol%) and SO2 (200 ppm), demonstrating that these novel catalysts could serve as a good alternative for NH3-SCR in practical application.

Ultra-deep desulfurization is a major requirement for upgrading the quality of fuel and power sources for fuel-cells. A series of mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 adsorbents were prepared and investigated for ultra-deep adsorption of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model fuel at ambient conditions. The adsorbents were characterized via SEM, XRD, N2-BET, FT-IR and NH3-TPD techniques. The results revealed that the adsorbent containing 40 wt% silica achieved the desulfurization efficiency higher than 99% when the initial sulfur concentration in the model fuel was 550 ppm. The high desulfurization performance of the adsorbent was attributed to its large specific surface and surface acidity. It also achieved a high sulfur adsorption capacity of 7.1 mg g−1 in a fixed-bed test, while its static saturated sulfur capacity was 13.7 mg g−1. The order of selectivity towards the adsorption of different organic sulfurs was DBT > BT&DBT > BT. The kinetics of the adsorption of organic sulfur was studied and the results indicated that the pseudo-second order model appropriately fitted the kinetics data. Furthermore, the used adsorbent can be easily regenerated and the desulphurization efficiency of the recovered adsorbent after five regeneration cycles was still maintained at 94.5%.

The molten nitrate salt has become one of the most promising heat storage and transfer medium for solar energy. A series of molten salt systems containing KNO3-NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2-NaNO3, KNO3-Ca(NO3)2 and KNO3-NaNO3-Ca(NO3)2 were designed and prepared to study the liquidus surface, and the thermal stability of the KNO3-NaNO3-Ca(NO3)2 ternary system was mainly studied. A 3D stable molten temperature diagram was developed to predict melting points and thermal decomposition points in the KNO3-NaNO3-Ca(NO3)2 ternary system, as well as its eutectic temperature and composition. The predicted eutectic composition is 42% KNO3-17% NaNO3-41% Ca(NO3)2, which has a low predicted melting point of 129.1 °C and a high predicted decomposition temperature of 597.9 °C. Moreover, a series of melting points and thermal decomposition points obtained from the 3D stable molten temperature diagram were respectively verified experimentally using thermo-gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The experimental results were in excellent agreement with that of obtained values from the 3D stable molten temperature diagram.

Chitosan (CS) has attracted significant interest in various fields due to its outstanding functional properties (especially, its chain with positive charge). However, wide-range applications of CS are severely limited because of its poor mechanical properties. Ultrastrong composite film of CS and silica-coated graphene oxide sheets (GO@SiO2) were prepared by a simple solution casting method in this article. GO@SiO2 was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in GO ethanol solution. Compared with the pure CS film, the tensile strength of the CS/GO@SiO2 composite film with incorporation of 1.75wt% GO@SiO2 fillers was significantly increased 158% from 55±4 to 142±24MPa. Such high tensile strength may be caused synergistically by strong interaction between two components and high crystallinity of the CS matrix. CS based composite with ultrastrong strength may have more potential applications in biomedical fields.

To clearly illustrate the activity effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their functionality on anodic exoelectrogen in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), the growth of E. coli and anode biofilm on MWCNT-, MWCNT COOH and MWCNT NH 2 modified anodes were compared with a bare carbon cloth anode. The activity effect was characterized by the amount of colony-forming units (CFUs), activity biomass, morphology of biofilms and cyclic voltammetric (CV). The results showed that MWCNTs, MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-NH 2 exhibited good biocompatibility on exoelectrogenic bacteria. The performance of MFCs were improved through the introduction of MWCNT-modified anodes, especially in the presence of COOH/ NH 2 groups. The MFCs with the MWCNT COOH modified anode achieved a maximum power density of 560.40 mW/m 2 , which was 49% higher than that obtained with pure carbon cloth. In conclusion, the positive effects of MWCNTs and their functionality were evaluated for promoting biofilm formation, biodegradation and electron transfer on anodes. Specifically, the MWCNT COOH modified anode demonstrated the largest application potential for the development of MFCs.

Hydrogen produced from waste cooking oil is a meaningful challenge work in the fields of energy and environment. In view of the fact that the acidic waste cooking oil is easily converted to ester compounds by esterification, in this work, hydrogen production by autothermal reforming of ethyl acetate as a simple typical ester compound over Ni x La 10−x O y /Al 2 O 3 catalysts was studied with the aim at disclosing the feasibility of hydrogen production from waste cooking oil. Effects of Ni/La molar ratios, reaction temperature, calcination temperature and surface acidity on the catalytic performance were systematically investigated. Results showed that the catalyst with the Ni/La molar ratio of 3:7 exhibited the best catalytic performance at the active reaction temperature range of 700–800 °C, and the Ni 3 La 7 O y /Al 2 O 3 catalyst calcined at 700 °C obtained 87% H 2 selectivity, 62% CO selectivity, 32% CO 2 selectivity, low selectivity to CH 4 , 94.49% carbon balance and high stability at 750 °C. Moreover, low acidity promoted the autothermal reforming reaction, and the optimal Ni 3 La 7 O y /Al 2 O 3 catalyst was also experimentally confirmed that it was effective for autothermal reforming of waste cooking oil into hydrogen.

A novel Mn-Ce-Nb-O x /P84 catalytic filter for synergetic removal of particulates and NO was designed and prepared by a new method using functional foaming coating. Removal characteristics of nitrogen oxides (including catalyst loading amount, O 2 concentration, NH 3 /NO molar ratio, H 2 O and SO 2 ) and particulates, were systematically studied. Results showed that the NO removal efficiency of catalytic filter reached 95.3% at 200 °C, as the catalyst loading amount, filtration velocity and mole ratio of NH 3 /NO were set to be 450 g/m 2 , 1 m/min and 1, respectively. The removal characteristic of particulates of Mn-Ce-Nb-O x /P84 catalytic filter belonged surface filtration and the PM2.5 removal efficiency reached 99.98%.

Functional-membrane coated Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O x catalysts for NH 3 -SCR at low-temperature were designed and prepared. The catalytic activity for NO removal and the anti-poison ability of catalyst were also investigated and discussed. Result showed that functional-membrane coated Mn-La-Ce-Ni-O x catalysts had the highest NO removal efficiency of 93% at 180 °C and after injecting 10 vol% H 2 O and 300 ppm of SO 2 , the NO removal efficiency still reached about 80%. The functional membrane could not only prevent H 2 O absorbing on the surface of catalyst and produce sulfur ammonium salt, but also effectively isolate the poison contacting catalyst active sites.

The modification of anodes to improve the startup and biodegradation is an effective way to advance the development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a promising technology for wastewater t...

A series of TiO(2) catalyst carriers with ceria additives were prepared by a precipitation method and tested for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH(3). These samples were characterized by XRD, N(2)-BET, NH(3)-TPD, H(2)-TPR, TEM, XPS and in situ DRIFTS, respectively. Results showed that the appropriate addition of ceria can enhance the catalytic activity and thermostability of TiO(2) catalyst carriers significantly. The maximum catalytic activity of Ti-Ce-O(x)-500 is 98.5% at 400 °C with a GHSV of 100 000 h(−1) and the high catalytic activity still remains even after the treatment at high temperature for 24 h. The high catalytic performance of Ti-Ce-O(x)-500 can be attributed to a series of superior properties, such as larger specific surface area, more Brønsted acid sites, more hydrogen consumption, and the higher proportion of chemisorbed oxygen. Ceria atoms can inhibit the crystalline grain growth and the collapse of small channels caused by high temperatures. Furthermore, in situ DRIFTS in different feed gases show that the SCR reaction over Ti-Ce-O(x)-500 follows both E-R and L-H mechanisms.

A series of CeO2(ZrO2)/TiO2 catalysts with fluorine additive were prepared by impregnation method and tested for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3. These samples were characterized by XRD, N2-BET, Raman spectra, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and XPS, respectively. Results showed that the optimal catalyst with the appropriate HF exhibited excellent performance for NH3-SCR and more than 96% NO conversion at 360°C under GHSV of 71,400h-1. It was found that the grain size of TiO2 increased and the specific surface area reduced with the modulation of HF, which was not good for the adsorption of gas molecule. However, the modulation of HF exposed the high energy (001) facets of TiO2 and increased the surface chemisorbed oxygen concentration, oxygen storage capacity and Ce3+ concentration of catalyst. In addition, the synergy of (101) and (001) facets was beneficial to the improvement of catalytic activity.

The catalytic activity for low concentration chlorobenzene oxidation was measured with Mn-Ce/cordierite and Mn-Co-Ce/cordierite catalysts with different mole ratios, which were prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized using XRD, BET, SEM Raman, H2-TPR and XPS. The results demonstrated that part of the manganese and cobalt could be incorporated into the lattice of CeO2 to form a solid solution phase. Among all of the catalysts synthesized, Mn8Co1Ce1/cordierite presented the best activity and stability. When the concentration of chlorobenzene was 500 ppm, and the GHSV was 15000 h−1, the complete combustion temperature (T90%) of chlorobenzene was 325 °C. In addition, there was almost no change in the conversion of chlorobenzene during the long-term reaction at 350 °C. These results were primarily attributed to the synergistic effect of ceria, manganese and cobalt, which can promote the formation of more lattice defects, more oxygen vacancies and smaller crystallite sizes.

Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA), a pollutant in industrial wastewaters, needs to be removed due to its high toxicity and persistence. The main biodegradation pathway for TBBPA has been studied, and bisphenol A(BPA), which is toxic to the environment, is recognized as the general terminal product. In this study, we explored a new approach for the anaerobic biodegradation of TBBPA in a bioelectrochemical system (BES) through co-metabolic degradation of TBBPA with glucose. The half-life of TBBPA was significantly reduced to 13.5 h−1 at 25 μg/l of TBBPA. With an increase in the concentration of TBBPA, the removal rates of TBBPA rose to more than eighty percent. Based on the analysis of the products, we found that the degradation products of TBBPA were 2,6-dibromo-4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol, (double-benzenes product) and 2,6-dibromo-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl) phenol (single-benzene product), rather than BPA. Simultaneously, we proposed two degradation pathways for TBBPA in a BES system. According to the microbial diversity analysis of the anode biofilm, we speculated that the microorganism responsible for the biodegradation of TBBPA was Azoarcus. Additionally, we briefly analyzed the effect of TBBPA on the performance of BES system to pave the way for the further analysis of the interaction between the TBBPA and the BES system.

A series of praseodymium added CeO2(ZrO2)/TiO2 catalysts separately prepared by methods of sol-gel and impregnation were tested for selective catalytic reduction of NO, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-brumauer-emmett-teller (N2-BET), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), PL spectra, Raman spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Influence of preparation method on catalytic performance was studied. Results showed that the influence of Pr addition on catalytic performance of the CeO2(ZrO2)/TiO2 catalysts was different between the sol-gel method and the impregnation method. The Pr addition tended to interact with TiO2 and formed the structure of Ti-O-Pr in the sol-gel method while it was more likely to interact with CeO2 forming the structure of Ce-O-Pr in the impregnation method. The total acid amount and redox properties of the catalysts prepared by sol-gel method decreased with the addition of Pr element, which resulted in decrease of catalytic activity. In contrast, the Pr-added catalyst prepared by impregnation method was found to possess easier reducibility, more total acid amount and higher proportion of Ce3+ species, which was favourable for higher catalytic activity.

A series of phosphorylation and blank CeSn 0.8 W 0.6 O x /TiAl 0.2 Si 0.1 O y catalysts prepared by extrusion molding were tested for NH 3 -SCR of NO, and were characterized by techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (N 2 -BET), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), temperature programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD). Effects of phosphorylation on catalytic activity and sulfur-resisting performance of the CeSn 0.8 W 0.6 O x /TiAl 0.2 Si 0.1 O y for NH 3 -SCR of NO were mainly studied. Results showed that the phosphorylation improved the catalytic activity and sulfur-resisting performance in an active temperature window of 300–440 °C, and the phosphorylation catalyst with 0.4 wt.% H 3 PO 4 exhibited the best catalytic performance and the strongest sulfur-resisting performance. Analysis showed that the phosphorylation increased specific surface area, enhanced the surface acidity and improved redox properties.

A novel optimized monolith catalyst of CeSn 0.8 W 0.6 O x /TiAl 0.2 Si 0.1 O x with 12 wt% CeSn 0.8 W 0.6 O x calcined at 500 °C exhibited over 90% NO removal efficiency and 100% N 2 selectivity in a broad active temperature window of 252–456 °C under GHSV less than 10,000 h −1 . Moreover, both the CO and C 3 H 8 can be effectively oxidized into CO 2 over the catalyst. Comparatively a commercial V 2 O 5 (WO 3 )/TiO 2 catalyst had no action on catalytic oxidation of CO, over which the C 3 H 8 could only be oxidized to CO. Anyway, excellent redox properties and surface acidity are two active factors for the CeSn 0.8 W 0.6 O x /TiAl 0.2 Si 0.1 O x in catalytic removal of NO, CO and C 3 H 8 .

A series CeO 2 (ZrO 2 )/TiO 2 catalysts were modified with Er using a sol-gel method. The catalytic activity of the obtained catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3 was investigated to determine the appropriate Er dosage. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption, H 2 temperature-programmed reduction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the optimum Er/Ce molar ratio was 0.10; this catalyst had excellent resistance to catalyst poisoning caused by vapor and sulfur and gave more than 90% NO conversion at 220-395℃ and a gas hourly space velocity of 71 400 h -1 . Er incorporation increased the Ti 3+ concentrations, oxygen storage capacities, and oxygen vacancy concentrations of the catalysts, resulting in excellent catalytic performance. Er incorporation also decreased the acid strength and inhibited growth of TiO 2 and CeO 2 crystal particles, which increased the catalytic activity. The results show that high oxygen vacancy concentrations and oxygen storage capacities, large amounts of Ti 3+ , and low acid strengths give excellent SCR activity.

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21106072, 51172107]; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20113221110004]; Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China [2012BAE01B03]

A series of CeO 2 (ZrO 2 )/TiO 2 monolith catalysts were investigated for catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 and NH 3 -SCR of NO. Effect of flue gases components on catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 was mainly studied. Results showed that the CeO 2 (ZrO 2 )/TiO 2 catalyst exhibited high efficiency for catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 at 240–400 °C without adding other oxidant, and its catalytic performance for NH 3 -SCR of NO was not affected. NH 3 had slight inhibitory effect while SO 2 and NO had no influence on catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 , but O 2 obviously improved catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 for its oxidation susceptibility.

A series of tin-doped Ti-Ce-Ox complex oxide catalysts were synthesized by sol–gel method and tested for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR). Effects of tin additives on structure, acidity and catalytic performance of Ti-Ce-Ox for NH3-SCR of NO were investigated through characterization of N2 adsorption–desorption, H2-TPR, XRD, NH3-TPD and SEM. Results showed that tin additives extended the active temperature window especially toward lower temperatures and the NO conversion efficiency of Ti-Sn-Ce-Ox (the Ti/Sn is equal to 4) catalyst reached 92% at 200 °C. The addition of tin not only inhibit grain growth of CeO2 and TiO2, but also expand unit cell and cause lattice distortion, which are especially beneficial to NH3-SCR. Moreover the introduction of tin also improved redox property significantly and enhance the acidity of catalyst. The anti-sulfur and anti-influence of water performance of catalyst also improved by tin-doped, when injecting 300 ppm SO2 and 10 vol.% H2O, the NO conversion efficiency of Ti-Sn-Ce-Ox catalyst was still reached 85% at 200 °C.

The kinetics of the catalytic combustion of benzene at different concentrations over the NiMnO 3 /CeO 2 /Cordierite catalyst were investigated to gain more insight into the catalytic reaction mechanism. A kinetic study was performed in a packed-bed tubular reactor under different conditions. The catalytic combustion kinetics were modeled using a Power-Law model and the Mars–Van Krevelen model. The results showed that the Mars–Van Krevelen kinetic model provided a significantly better fit to explain the catalytic combustion kinetics of benzene over the NiMnO 3 /CeO 2 /Cordierite catalyst. The results showed that the reduction reaction occurred more easily than did the oxidation reaction on the surface of the catalyst. Moreover, the values of the pre-exponential factor for the reduction steps (7.84 × 10 11 s −1 ) is higher than those of the oxidation steps (1.04 × 10 9 s −1 ), indicating that the more is the effective collision times between the activated molecules, and the easier for chemical reaction to occur, and the degree and speed are more intense and rapid. Therefore, it can be concluded that the catalyzed surface oxidation reaction is the control step of catalytic benzene combustion. Based on this analysis of the experimental results and the assumptions of the Mars–Van Krevelen model, it was determined that the catalytic combustion of benzene over the NiMnO 3 /CeO 2 /Cordierite catalyst obeys the Mars–Van Krevelen mechanism. The catalytic combustion reaction occurred by the interaction between the benzene molecules and the active sites of the NiMnO 3 /CeO 2 /Cordierite catalyst. The catalytic oxidation of benzene involves a catalytic redox cycle of adsorption, deoxidation, desorption, oxygen supply and regeneration.

A series of CeO2/Al2O3 and CeMoxOy/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by an extrusion method for selective catalytic reduction of NOx, and were characterized by techniques of XRD, XPS, N2-BET, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD. Promotional effects of molybdenum additives on catalytic performances and tolerances toward SO2 and H2O poisoning of the catalysts were comparatively studied. Results showed that the CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst with the Ce/Al molar ratio of 1:5 exhibited the best catalytic performance; molybdenum additives greatly improved catalytic performance of the CeMoxOy/Al2O3 catalysts, and the catalyst with the Al/Ce/Mo molar ratio of 5:1:0.15 calcinated at 550 °C exhibited the highest catalytic activity above 95 % in active temperature window of 250–430 °C under the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 7200 h−1. Moreover, molybdenum additives broadened the range of the active temperature, and significantly enhanced the anti-sulfur poisoning ability. Analysis showed that the promotional effects of molybdenum additives were attributed to the improvement of specific surface area, increment of surface acidity and the enhancement of the redox properties. The molybdenum additives significantly increase the catalytic performance of CeO2/Al2O3 for selective catalytic reduction of NOx and greatly broaden the range of the active temperature. The reasons mainly due to molybdenum additives improve the specific surface area, increase the proportion of Ce3+/(Ce4++Ce3+) and Oα/(Oα + Oβ) on the surface, and enhance the amount of the Lewis acid sites.

A series of copper-doped Ti-Ce-Ox complex oxide catalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method and evaluated for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 at low temperature. The promotional effect of copper doping on their structure, acidity and catalytic activity were investigated by means of Brumauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and pyridine adsorption infrared spectrum (Py-IR) technologies. Results showed that the copper additives could improve the low temperature catalytic performance for selective catalytic reduction of Ti-Ce-Ox catalyst and the NO conversion efficiency of Ti-Cu-Ce-Ox catalyst reached above 90% at 150–250 °C (Ti/Cu=4). The introduction of copper could enhance the redox property of the Ti-Ce-Ox complex oxide catalyst, refine the particle size caused by lattice distortion and oxygen vacancy defect and enhance the acid amount of the Lewis acid site. Moreover, Ti-Cu-Ce-Ox complex oxide catalyst also had good anti-sulfur ability and anti-water influence, when injecting 300 ppm SO2 and 10 vol.%H2O, the NO conversion efficiency of Ti-Cu-Ce-Ox catalyst reached 80%.

Titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles hybridized with Fe and N co-doped carbon nanosheets (Fe-N-CNS) composite is constructed by a facile in-situ self-template strategy. During the low-temperature pyrolysis process, uniformly TiO2 nanoparticles were formed and anchored into Fe-doped carbon nitride nanosheets. After further high-temperature pyrolysis, Fe-doped carbon nitride nanosheets as self-template could decompose to form Fe-N co-doped carbon nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles were transferred into TiN nanoparticles during the high-temperature nitriding treatment. As a result, TiN nanoparticles hybridized with Fe-N-CNS composites (TiN/Fe-N-CNS) exhibit excellent ORR activity with more positive half-wave potential (0.87 V) and large limiting current density (4.43 mA cm−2) as well as high selectivity (electron transfer number around 4) for ORR in alkaline media. Moreover, it also shows higher stability and better methanol tolerance than those of commercial Pt/C catalyst in both alkaline and acidic media. This excellent ORR performance is attributed to the enhanced specific surface area and synergistically promotion effect of uniformly dispersed TiN on Fe-N-CNS.

Novel NiMoW-clay hybrid composites are easily prepared by using organic cations modified clay montmorillonite (organo-MMT) as support. And the active component metal ions could be easily uniformly dispersed into interlayer space of organo-MMT. The as-fabricated hybrid catalyst exhibits substantially improved activity for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) with the sulfur removal of 99.8%. In addition, this catalyst also shows outstanding HDS activity with the sulfur removal of 99.8% and wonderful stability during 168 h for industrial kerosene (2400 ppm S).

The hydrogen economy is accelerating technological evolutions toward highly efficient hydrogen production. In this work, the catalytic performance of NiO/NaCl for hydrogen production via autothermal reforming of ethyl acetate and water is further improved through lanthanum modification, and the resulted 3%-NiLaO

In the work described here, a two-layer biotrickling filter filled with new packing materials was used to remove H2S from air. The upper layer of the filter was packed with activated carbon-loaded polyurethane, whereas the lower layer was filled with modified organism-suspended fillers. The effects of inlet load, empty bed residence time (EBRT) from 79 s to 53 s, pH and contaminant starvation time were investigated. For loads of 15-50 g/(m(3) h), the average removal efficiency (RE) was higher than 96% under a consistent supply of pollutants. The critical elimination capacity was 39.95 g/(m(3) h) for an EBRT of 53 s with an RE of 99.9%. The two-layer BTF was capable of withstanding contaminant starvation periods for 1.5 d and 7 d with only a few hours of recovery time. The biodegradation kinetics was studied using Michaelis-Menten type equations under different EBRTs. At an EBRT of 66 s, the optimal kinetic constants rmax and Km were 333.3 g/(m(3) h) and 0.93 g/m(3), respectively. During the operation, the two-layer BTF performed well under various reasonable conditions.

Promotional effects of Ce 4+ , La 3+ and Nd 3+ incorporations on FeCu 2 O 3.5 /ATS for decomposing N 2 O were investigated. Results showed that all the ions especially La 3+ can dramatically improve the catalytic performance. FeCu 2 La 1.5 O x /ATS, the optimal catalyst, can decompose 100% N 2 O at 550 °C. The formed perovskite-type LaFeO 3 and spinel-type CuLa 2 O 4 largely improved catalytic performance. The ion modification increased N 2 O adsorption capacity, and La 3+ -doped catalyst enhanced desorption ability of surface oxygen. Both effects can accelerate the rate-determine steps of N 2 O decomposition reaction, promote catalytic performance. Moreover, the supported catalysts studied were economic efficiency for application.

In this paper, we modified biocathodes with PANI (Polyaniline)/MWCNT (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube) composites to improve hydrogen production in single-chamber, membrane-free biocathode MECs. The results showed that the hydrogen production rates increased with an increase in applied voltage. At an applied voltage of 0.9 V, the modified biocathode MECs achieved a hydrogen production rate of 0.67m3m−3d−1, current density of 205 Am−3, COD of 86.8%, coulombic efficiency of 72%, cathodic hydrogen recovery of 42%, and energy efficiency of 81% with respect to the electrical power input. LSV (Linear Sweep Voltammetry) scans, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) demonstrated that hydrogen production is catalyzed by the special biofilm attached on a modified biocathode, and the microorganism species and quantity present were significantly different between the modified biocathode and the non-modified biocathode. In general, the performance of MECs with modified biocathodes was improved in the presence of a higher current density and hydrogen generation rate.

Effects of catalyst loading amount, reaction temperature, O 2 concentration, NH 3 /NO molar ratio and SO 2 on low-temperature catalytic performance of the Mn–La–Ce–Ni–O x (Mn/La/Ce/Ni = 2.5:2.5:1:1 in mol)/PPS for NH 3 -SCR of NO were mainly studied. Results showed that the filter with catalyst loading amount of 250 g/m 2 obtained more than 95% NO removal efficiency at 200 °C under filtration velocity of 1 m/min. The NO removal efficiency was still above 85% by injecting 300 ppm SO 2 at 200 °C. Anyway, the Mn–La–Ce–Ni–O x /PPS catalytic filter is promising to achieve the expectation of simultaneous removing particulate and NO x from low-sulfur flue gas in cement kiln.

Ultra-deep desulfurization is a major requirement for upgrading the quality of fuel and power sources for fuel-cells. A series of mesoporous TiO

A series of novel supported Ni4La oxide catalysts (S-Ni4La for short) with the same mass loading amount of 10%, using pretreated cordierite ceramics as carrier, was prepared by an impregnation method and tested for catalytic decomposition of N2O at low temperature. The effects of calcination temperature and atmosphere on the catalytic performance were mainly studied, and the stability of the S-Ni4La in reaction was evaluated. Meanwhile, the solid-phase structure, micro-structure morphology, redox properties, valence and content of ions were characterized by the techniques of XRD, SEM, H2-TPR, N2O-TPD and XPS, respectively. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism for N2O decomposition over the S-Ni4La was discussed. The results showed that the S-Ni4La calcined at 400 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere completely decomposed N2O at 375 °C, which successfully breaks the technical bottleneck that low-cost supported metal oxides were not able to completely decompose N2O at below 400 °C. La2O3 and LaNiO3 were not active phases for catalytic decomposition of N2O, while NiO was a major active phase in reaction. The reducing atmosphere decreased crystallization and refined the grain size, so as to increase the effective specific surface area, thereby improving the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the Lan+1NinO3n+1+σ formed possessed a perfect migration performance of oxygen species, particularly for the catalyst calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere, and consequently the S-Ni4La calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere revealed a much better catalytic performance.

A facile method is to prepare novel CeMo

Zr-doped-TiO