Search

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical tool that is used to form images of organs, soft tissues, bones and almost all internal body structures. The MRI image acquisition process takes a long time. One of the efforts to shorten the examination acquisition time is using the parallel imaging technique, namely SENSE. However, SENSE has a weakness, namely reducing the Signal Noise to Ratio (SNR). One of the denoising methods that can increase SNR is the Nonlocal mean filter (NLM). Post-image acquisition denoising becomes a cheaper and more effective alternative to use. The aim of this research is to measure the increase of SNR value in MRI SENSE images between before the denoising technique and after the denoising technique. This research is expected to produce a faster scanning time and maintain the quality of the MRI image. This experimental research was carried out by applying the SENSE parallel imaging technique to R-factors 2 and 4. The sequence used is T2WI TSE on axial slice phantom. The T2WI TSE SENSE phantom MRI image was corrected with the NLM denoising technique to produce a better quality image. Each variation is measured image information before and after the denoising technique. Image information is assessed quantitatively by measuring SNR. The results of the parametric test showed that there was an increase in the SNR value after the application of the denoising technique on the Phantom T2WI TSE SENSE MRI image at r-factor 2 and r-factor 4. The different test on the SNR assessment resulted in a p value < 0.001.

Background: Appendicogram is the barium appendix examination in the form of photo that can help to see blockages or dirt in the appendix. The purpose of this study was to find the Appendicogram examination management with clinical appendicitis in the Radiology Installation of Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province, to find out why there were differences in appendicogram examination techniques between the theory and the Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital in Riau Province and to see the Appendicogram radiograph results with eight hours waiting time. Method: This research is qualitative with a descriptive research design and a study case approach. The subjects used were 3 radiologists, 1 sending doctor, and 3 radiographers. The object of the study was 2 patients who had undergone an appendicogram examination with appendicitis clinical at Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province. Result: The results showed that the appendicogram examination did not need specific preparation. The patient was not subjected to plain radiographic before given contrast because plain radiographs on the appendicogram because it did not give any information. The patient was given a contrast of 50gr of barium sulfate mixed with 250ml of water. Post contrast photo 8 hours later, the reason for using 8 hours is because normal human peristalsis ranges from 6-8 hours. The results of the radiographic are visualized, namely, the contrast journey to the appendix is ​​smooth, there is no visible pressure on the cecum, the appendix is ​​not filled with contrast.

The urinary system is the organ system that produces, stores and excretes urine. The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the bladder through the process of micturition. Urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra caused by scar tissue that leads to obstructive urinary tract dysfunction with potentially serious consequences for the urinary tract. The examination technique used in radiology is to determine the location of the narrowing and the magnitude of the narrowing in the urethra, a urethrography examination is performed, while to see the location and length of the narrowing is bipolar voiding urethrocystography (BVUC). The purpose of the study of BVUC with indications of urethral stricture is to see abnormalities in the urethra, which are usually characterized by difficulty urinating. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach through literature study, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The study was conducted at the Radiology Installation of Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province from March-June 2021. The procedure for BVUC examination with an indication of urethral stricture at the radiology installation of the Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province, that is, the patient does not require special preparation, the patient only fills out informed consent, with the examination procedures applied, they can establish a diagnosis and get results. the optimal picture and provide sufficient picture information in the form of bladder and urethra which is a typical picture for clinical urethral stricture as desired by the sending doctor. The projections used for the BVUC with indications of urethral stricture are Plan projections plain, Antero Posterior (AP) post contrast, Right Posterior Oblique (RPO), and left lateral oblique (LPO).

Batu saluran kemih yaitu suatu kondisi dimana terdapat massa keras berbentuk batu kristal di sepanjang saluran perkemihan sehingga dapat menimbulkan rasa nyeri, pendarahan dan infeksi. CT Scan Urografi merupakan suatu pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi penyakit batu saluran kemih. Sebelum melakukan CT Scan Urografi ada beberapa persiapan pasien yang perlu dilakukan yaitu puasa 2 – 3 jam dan miinum air mineral sebanyak 750 – 1000 ml (Knauth, 2014). Persiapan pasien pada pemeriksaan CT Scan Urografi yang dilakukan di RS Awal Bros Panam yaitu menambahkan teh tawar sebanyak 3 gelas (900 ml). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prosedur pemeriksaan dan hasil gambaran CT Scan Urografi dengan menggunakan teh tawar sebagai media kontras negatif di RS Awal Bros Panam. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian pemeriksaan CT Scan Urografi di Instalasi Radiologi RS Awal Bros Panam persiapan pasien yang perlu dilakukan yaitu puasa sekitar 4 – 6 jam, minum air mineral 1 gelas (220 ml), teh pekat 3 gelas (900 ml) dan menahan buang air kecil. Penambahan teh tawar dikarenakan sifat teh vasokontriksi pembuluh darah dan kandungan caffein yang akan mempercepat proses diuresis. Hasil gambaran diharapkan setelah penambahan teh tawar pada saluran ureter agar lebih hipodens supaya gambaran ureter lebih terlihat.

Tabir penguat atau disebut juga Intensifying screen (IS) adalah sebuah Tabir / lapisan yang apabila terkena ekspose Sinar - X akan mengalami pendaran cahaya. Tabir Penguat ini memiliki fungsi untuk mengubah Sinar - X yang tidak tampak menjadi sinar tampak. Jenis Tabir Penguat ada beberapa macam, antara lain : Fast Screen, Medium Screen (Par Screen) dan Slow Screen. Namun sekarang, ada jenis Tabir Penguat terbaru yaitu rare earth screen. Salah satu upaya untuk mengetahui kerusakan dari Tabir Penguat adalah dengan cara melakukan pengujian kontak Tabir Penguat film radiografi. Menurut KMK No. 1250 Tahun 2009, frekuensi uji kontak Tabir Penguat film ini dilakukan setiap tahun, setiap selesai perbaikan fisik terhadap kaset Sinar – X ataupun bila diperlukan. Pengujian ini dilakukan karena pada saat survey Rumah Sakit Petala Bumi Provinsi Riau, penulis menjumpai bahwa Tabir Penguat terakhir dilakukan pengujian sekitar kurang lebih 3 tahun yang lalu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian yaitu melakukan tes atau eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kerusakan pada kontak Tabir Penguat film di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Petala Bumi. Karena densitas pada film radiografi melebihi batas toleransi yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 1-2. Data hasil penelitian pada sampel film 24x30 didapatkan bahwa setiap kuadran memiliki nilai densitas yang melebihi 2. Dan data hasil penelitian pada sampel film 30x40 didapatkan juga bahwa setiap kuadran memiliki nilai densitas yang melebihi 2. , untuk rencana tindak lanjut setelah melakukan pengujian kontak Tabir Penguat di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Petala Bumi, penulis sebaiknya menyarankan bahwa tabir penguat itu diperbaiki ataupun diganti cara pemasangannya. Dikarenakan pada saat pengeksposean, ada sedikit bagian pinggiran film yang tidak terekspose.