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Одним из популярных классов моделей мелкомасштабной турбулентности является класс каскадных моделей. В этих моделях поля турбулентной системы представляются зависящими от времени коллективными переменными (вещественными или комплексными), которые осмысливаются как интенсивность поля в заданном диапазоне пространственных масштабов. Сама модель является некоторой системой квадратично нелинейной обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений для коллективных переменных. Составление новой каскадной модели требует достаточно сложных аналитических преобразований. Это связано с тем, что система уравнений модели при отсутствии диссипации должна иметь некоторые квадратичные инварианты и сохранять фазовый объем. Кроме того, есть ограничения, связанные с невозможностью нелинейного взаимодействия взаимодействия некоторых диапазонов масштабов. Все это накладывает ограничения на коэффициенты нелинейных членов модели. Ограничения образуют систему уравнений с параметрами. Сложность этой системы резко возрастает для нелокальных моделей, когда описывается взаимодействие не только близких диапазонов масштабов и при использовании комплексных коллективных переменных. В работе предложена вычислительная технология, позволяющая автоматизировать процесс построения каскадных моделей. Она позволяет легко комбинировать различные инварианты и значение нелокальности. Технология основана на методах компьютерной алгебры. Автоматизирован процесс построения уравнений для неизвестных коэффициентов и их решения. В результате получаются параметрические классы каскадных моделей, обладающих нужными аналитическими свойствами.

Magnetic helicity plays a tremendously important role when it is different from zero on average. Most notably, it leads to the phenomenon of an inverse cascade. Here, we consider decaying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence as well as some less common examples of magnetic evolution under the Hall effect and ambipolar diffusion, as well as cases in which the magnetic field evolution is constrained by the presence of an asymmetry in the number density of chiral fermions, whose spin is systematically either aligned or anti-aligned with its momentum. In all those cases, there is a new conserved quantity: the Hosking integral. We present quantitative scaling results for the magnetic integral scale as well as the magnetic energy density and its spectrum. We also compare with cases were a magnetic version of the Saffman integral is initially finite. Rotation in MHD turbulence tends to suppress nonlinearity and thereby also inverse cascading. Finally, the role of the Hosking and magnetic Saffman integrals in shell models of turbulence is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose a computational framework for optimizing the continuity of the toolpath in fabricating surface models on an extrusion-based 3D printer. Toolpath continuity is a critical issue that influences both the quality and the efficiency of extrusion-based fabrication. Transfer moves lead to rough and bumpy surfaces, where this phenomenon worsens for materials with large viscosity, like clay. The effects of continuity on the surface models are even more severe in terms of the quality of the surface and the stability of the model. We introduce a criterion called the one–path patch (OPP) to represent a patch on the surface of the shell that can be traversed along one path by considering the constraints on fabrication. We study the properties of the OPPs and their merging operations to propose a bottom-up OPP merging procedure to decompose the given shell surface into a minimal number of OPPs, and to generate the "as-continuous-as-possible" (ACAP) toolpath. Furthermore, we augment the path planning algorithm with a curved-layer printing scheme that reduces staircase defects and improves the continuity of the toolpath by connecting multiple segments. We evaluated the ACAP algorithm on ceramic and thermoplastic materials, and the results showed that it improves the fabrication of surface models in terms of both efficiency and surface quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shell models of turbulence are representation of turbulence equations in Fourier domain. Various shell models are studied for their mathematical relevance and the numerical simulations that exhibit at most resemblance with turbulent flows. One of the mathematically well‐studied shell model of turbulence is called sabra shell model. This work concerns with two important issues related to shell model, namely, feedback stabilization and robust stabilization. We first address stabilization problem related to sabra shell model of turbulence and prove that the system can be stabilized via finite dimensional controller. Thus, only finitely many modes of the shell model would suffice to stabilize the system. Later, we study robust stabilization in the presence of the unknown disturbance and corresponding control problem by solving an infinite time horizon max‐min control problem. We first prove the H∞$$ {H}^{\infty } $$ stabilization of the associated linearized system and characterize the optimal control in terms of a feedback operator by solving an algebraic Riccati equation. Using the same Riccati operator, we establish asymptotic stability of the nonlinear system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Shear and membrane locking phenomena are fundamental issues of shell finite element models. A family of refined shell elements for laminated structures has been developed in the framework of Carrera Unified Formulation, including hierarchical elements based on higher-order Legendre polynomial expansions. These hierarchical elements were reported to be relatively less prone to locking phenomena, yet an exhaustive evaluation of them regarding the mitigation of shear and membrane locking on laminated shells is still essential. In the present article, numerically efficient integration schemes for hierarchical elements, including also reduced and selective integration procedures, are discussed and evaluated through single-element p-version finite element models. Both shear and membrane locking are assessed quantitatively through the estimation of strain energy components. The numerical results show that the fully integrated hierarchical shell elements can overcome the shear and membrane locking effectively when a sufficiently high polynomial degree is reached. Reduced and selective integration schemes can help with the mitigation of locking on lower-order hierarchical shell elements.