Search

Image analysis based on color thresholding is the reference method for measuring severity as percent area affected. It is deemed to produce accurate results, usually considered the "true" severity value. More than a dozen applications have been used for the task in phytopathometry studies, but none was coded in R language. Here we introduced and evaluated pliman, a suite for the analysis of plant images. In particular, we show functions for computing percent severity based on RGB information contained in image palettes prepared by the user. Six image collections, totaling 249 images, from different diseases (wheat tan spot, soybean rust, olive leaf spot, rice brown spot, bean angular spot, and Xyllela fastidiosa on tobacco) exhibiting a range of symptomatic patterns and severity were used to evaluate the agreement of pliman predictions with APS Assess, LeafDoctor and ImageJ. Three users independently prepared three image palettes (each representing leaf background, symptomatic or healthy leaf tissue) by manually inspecting and subsetting these target areas in the images. Pliman predictions by a joint palette (by joining images by the three users into one) were highly concordant (ρc > 0.98) with measures by the other software for all but Xylella fastidiosa on Tobacco (ρc = 0.49). The error for the latter may be due to the low contrast between symptomatic and healthy tobacco tissues. Users showed to be a source of variation in the overall concordance depending on the disease. Reduction in the image resolution (< 1 megapixel) did not impact the results. Combined with parallel processing, the use of low image resolution sped up the processing time resulting in pliman being ~170 to ~430 times faster than existing tools for disease quantification. Pliman showed great potential to produce accurate measures and accelerate studies involving plant disease severity measurements, especially for the batch processing of large sets of image collections.

A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss. RESUMO O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso de uma paciente de 97 anos com início agudo e espontâneo de hiperemia e edema palpebral. Estes sinais não levaram a uma suspeita diagnóstica de fístula carótido-cavernosa até um segundo momento, quando a paciente apresentou progressão importante do quadro clínico. Apesar da realização de tratamento efetivo com embolização da fístula, a paciente manteve alterações oculares como edema de córnea, coágulos e turvação no humor aquoso, e manteve perda visual definitiva.

A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss.

The bovine lung, considered as viscera, is often disposed of inappropriately in the environment. However, this organ stands out for having high levels of iron and proteins with high biological value. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to develop a product enriched with bioavailable heme iron. Hamburger formulations were prepared with different concentrations of bovine lung. In these products, the chemical composition and the iron content were determined. The samples were evaluated sensorially by affective acceptance test and purchase intention test. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (p 70%) and had high percentages of purchase intent (>82%). The product can be considered a promising alternative for the intake of iron and essential aminoacids, which can help in the fight against anemia and reduce the consequences caused by this deficiency in the human body, such as a deficit in motor and cognitive development. El pulmón bovino, considerado víscera, a menudo se desecha de forma inapropiada en el medio ambiente. Sin embargo, este órgano destaca por tener altos niveles de hierro y proteínas de alto valor biológico. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un producto enriquecido con hierro hemo biodisponible. Se prepararon formulaciones de hamburguesa con diferentes concentraciones de pulmón bovino. En estos productos se determinó la composición química y el contenido de hierro. Las muestras fueron evaluadas sensorialmente mediante prueba afectiva de aceptación e intención de compra del producto. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza y se compararon mediante la prueba de Tukey (p 70%) y tuvieron altos porcentajes de intención de compra (>82%). El producto puede considerarse una alternativa prometedora para la ingesta de hierro y aminoácidos esenciales, que pueden ayudar a combatir la anemia y reducir las consecuencias que provoca esta deficiencia en el cuerpo humano, como el déficit en el desarrollo motor y cognitivo. O pulmão bovino, considerado como víscera, muitas vezes é descartado de forma inadequada no meio ambiente. No entanto, este órgão destaca-se por apresentar elevados teores de ferro e proteínas com alto valor biológico. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi elaborar um produto enriquecido com ferro heme biodisponível. Foram elaboradas formulações de hambúrguer com diferentes quantidades de pulmão bovino. Nestes produtos foram determinados a composição centesimal e o teor de ferro. As amostras foram avaliadas sensorialmente por testes de aceitação e de intenção de compra do produto. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p70%) e apresentaram altas porcentagens de intenção de compra (>82%). O produto pode ser considerado uma alternativa promissora para a ingestão de ferro e de aminoácidos essenciais, que podem auxiliar no combate à anemia e reduzir as consequências causadas por esta carência no corpo humano, como déficit no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo.

Nicotiana tabacum, a non-natural host, is an excellent plant model for biological and functional genomics studies on plant host-Xylella fastidiosa interactions. Symptoms by X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca on tobacco have been characterized but current severity assessment method is an ordinal scale developed for symptoms on citrus. We designed a standard area diagram (SAD) to aid in the visual estimation of percent area affected (% severity) and performed a multi-laboratory validation on tobacco cv. 'Havana inoculated with X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Inoculated plants were monitored over time and digital images of the symptoms were obtained. Three different softwares (APS Asses, ImageJ and Leaf Doctor) were used to segment the images and calculate % severity. Ten true-color images composed a 10-image SAD (0.5, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75%). Fifty raters at four laboratories assigned % severity first without and then with the SAD on the same testing image set of 40 images following the same instructions provided by an examiner at each Laboratory. The means of % severity by all softwares were assumed to represent the actual % severity given the perfect agreement between them. The unaided estimates were less precise, biased towards overestimation (up to 50 percent points) and less concordant between raters. Accuracy and precision varied considerably among the raters and effect of the SAD on the overall concordance to the actual severity was dependent on the Laboratory; in all but one Laboratory, the group means of the agreement index statistically improved. The between-rater agreement improved in all Laboratories when using the SAD. The SAD may help to standardize and allow comparison across different laboratories, but care should be taken during instructions on how to discriminate symptoms that are not readily discernible as well as on how to correctly use of the SAD.

Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) are micro-organisms necessary for fermentation and quality of the product and their concentration influence on the values of pH with their potential of acidification and lactic acid production. The goal was the evaluation of BAL and physicochemical analyses in fermented dairy drinks of three brands in four batches, with a total of 12 samples. The evaluated milk beverages presented BAL counts according to the standards required by the legislation (> 106 UFC / mL), characteristic pH (4-4.5) and titratable acidity within the expected (0.5-1.5% lactic acid). Only two samples had lower titratable acidity than required, demonstrating that they were less acidic. However, the BAL count is compatible with that required by ensuring a quality product. Las bacterias lácticas (BAL) son microorganismos necesarios para fermentación y calidad del producto, y su concentración influye en los valores de pH con su potencial de acidificación y producción de ácido láctico. El objetivo fue la evaluación de BAL y análisis físico-químicos en bebidas lácteas fermentadas de tres marcas en cuatro lotes, totalizando 12 muestras. Las bebidas lácteas evaluadas presentaron recuentos de BAL dentro de los estándares exigidos por la legislación (> 106 UFC / mL), pH característico (4-4,5) y acidez titulable dentro de lo previsto (0.6-1.5% de ácido láctico). Sólo dos muestras presentaron menor acidez titulable de lo exigido, demostrando que eran menos ácidas. Sin embargo, el recuento de BAL es compatible con lo exigido, asegurando un producto de calidad. As bactérias lácticas (BAL) são microrganismos necessários para fermentação e qualidade do produto, e sua concentração influencia nos valores de pH com seu potencial de acidificação e produção de ácido lático. O objetivo foi a avaliação de BAL e análises físico-químicas em bebidas lácteas fermentadas de três marcas em quatro lotes, totalizando 12 amostras. As bebidas lácteas avaliadas apresentaram contagens de BAL dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação (>106 UFC/mL), pH característico (4-4,5) e acidez titulável dentro do previsto (0.6-1.5 % de ácido láctico). Apenas duas amostras apresentaram menor acidez titulável do que o exigido, demonstrando que eram menos ácidas. Contudo, a contagem de BAL é compatível com o exigido, assegurando um produto de qualidade.

O pulmão bovino, considerado como víscera, muitas vezes é descartado de forma inadequada no meio ambiente. No entanto, este órgão destaca-se por apresentar elevados teores de ferro e proteínas com alto valor biológico. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi elaborar um produto enriquecido com ferro heme biodisponível. Foram elaboradas formulações de hambúrguer com diferentes quantidades de pulmão bovino. Nestes produtos foram determinados a composição centesimal e o teor de ferro. As amostras foram avaliadas sensorialmente por testes de aceitação e de intenção de compra do produto. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio da análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p70%) e apresentaram altas porcentagens de intenção de compra (>82%). O produto pode ser considerado uma alternativa promissora para a ingestão de ferro e de aminoácidos essenciais, que podem auxiliar no combate à anemia e reduzir as consequências causadas por esta carência no corpo humano, como déficit no desenvolvimento motor e cognitivo.

O Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) foi criado pelo Governo Federal com a finalidade de combater a fome e promover uma renda as familias que vivem em situacao de miseria. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o estado nutricional de escolares beneficiarios do Programa Bolsa Familia da comunidade da Palmeirinha, em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceara. A pesquisa foi do tipo transversal, realizada em 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionario de frequencia alimentar para avaliacao de o consumo alimentar e afericao de peso e altura com calculo do Indice de Massa Corporea para avaliacao do estado nutricional. Foram avaliadas 34 escolares, sendo 58,8% do sexo feminino (58,8%), responsavel com media de 4,5 anos de estudo e familia com renda media de 734,2 reais por mes. Os resultados indicam que os escolares beneficiarios do PBF apresentaram medias maiores no consumo de alimentos como salgadinho, iogurte, suco de caixa, batata frita e salgado frito. Ja em relacao aos alimentos saudaveis foram encontradas medias superiores para arroz e feijao entre beneficiarios do que os nao beneficiarios (p 0,05). Conclui-se que o estado nutricional das criancas e dos adolescentes beneficiarias do PBF encontra-se adequado, contudo foram observados dados preocupantes em relacao ao consumo de alimentos industrializados o que podera acarretar futuras doencas cronicas como obesidade e a diabetes mellitus nesse grupo populacional vulneravel.

Decaffeination and roasting affects the composition of the chlorogenic acids in coffee, which have antioxidant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of coffee decaffeination on the in vivoantioxidant activity and the prevention of liver damage. The Wistar rats received intraperitoneal doses of carbon tetrachloride and daily doses of Arabica coffee brews (whole and decaffeinated, both green and roasted) by gavage for fi fteen days. The activity of liver marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and serum albumin were measured as well as the quantifi cation of the thiobarbituric acid reactive species and the content of liver total lipids. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are good indicators of liver damage: the results showed that all studied coffee brews decreased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and liver levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and total lipids. The compounds presents in coffee brews are able to decrease the hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by carbon tetrachloride, making a signifi cant hepatoprotective effect, in accordance with the liver function tests. The coffee brews are hepatoprotective regardless of the decaffeination process and our results suggest a better protection against liver damage for the roasted coffee brews compared with green coffee brews. Keywords: antioxidant activity, carbon tetrachloride, decaffeination, liver, chlorogenic acid, caffeine

There are many infectious complications related to vascular access in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. We report two cases of endophthalmitis as a metastatic infection associated with a tunneled catheter and a temporary dual lumen catheter. Both patients were diabetic. A 61-year-old female on maintenance hemodialysis by a jugular tunnelized catheter during the past year was receiving parenteral antibiotics for catheter salvage due to fever episodes in the last 3 months. She was admitted to the hospital presenting pain, proptosis, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal infiltrate, and visual acuity of no light perception (NLP). A 51-year-old male recently undergoing hemodialysis by a temporary dual lumen catheter presented fever. His catheter was removed, but he was admitted to the hospital presenting fever, decreased vision, edema, and pain in his left eye. On examination, eyelid edema, conjunctival hyperemia, purulent secretion, hypopyon in the pupils, and visual acuity of NLP were verified. A diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis was made in both patients on clinical grounds and computed tomography. Evisceration of the left eye was the first option of treatment for both patients due to poor vision. Cultures of the eviscerated ocular globes showed Staphylococcus hemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. After evisceration, both patients received treatment, had a good outcome, and were discharged to continue their hemodialysis program. Metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis is a rare complication of dialysis catheter-related bacteremia. When suspected, urgent ophthalmologic evaluation and treatment are needed to reduce the risk of losing vision in the affected eye.

PURPOSE To describe the clinical and radiologic features of orbital involvement in craniofacial brown tumors and to compare the rate of brown tumors in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS A retrospective hospital-based study of 115 patients with chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism and 34 with primary hyperparathyroidism was conducted. Laboratory results such as serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone were recorded. Demographic data (age, sex, duration of disease) and image findings (bone scan scintigraphy, skull and long bone x-rays, CT) were also obtained. The main outcome measures were analysis of clinical, biochemical, and radiologic findings of all patients. RESULTS Of the 115 patients with chronic kidney disease, 10 (8.7%) had brown tumors in different bones of the skeleton. Five patients had lesions in the craniofacial bones. The maxilla, mandible, maxillary sinus, and nasal cavity were the most affected sites. The orbit was involved in 2 patients with lesions arising in the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. One patient had facial leontiasis. All patients with brown tumors had extremely high levels of parathyroid hormone (>1,000 pg/ml, normal values 10-69 pg/ml) and alkaline phosphatase (>400 U/l, normal values 65-300 U/l). The mean serum levels of phosphorus and calcium were not abnormal among the patients with brown tumors. Age and time of renal failure were similar for patients with and without brown tumors. Among the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, only 2 (5.8%) had brown tumors, and in just 1, the lesion was localized in the craniofacial skeleton. A 2-tailed Z test applied to compare the proportion of occurrence of brown tumors in the 2 groups revealed that the difference at the 90% of confidence level was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Brown tumors are equally found in secondary and primary hyperparathyroidism. Craniofacial brown tumors involve the orbit, usually because of the osteodystrophy process that involves the maxilla and paranasal sinuses. The lesions do not necessarily need to be excised and may regress spontaneously after the control of hyperparathyroidism.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos dos traumas oculares num pronto-socorro de referência. MÉTODOS: O estudo teve dois grupos distintos de indivíduos: no primeiro (A) composto por vítimas de trauma ocular, em que 1.483 pacientes atendidos consecutivamente ao longo de 2003 tiveram os dados epidemiológicos analisados, e o segundo (B), em que 133 pacientes tiveram aspectos clínicos e fatores de risco e de proteção analisados consecutivamente por meio de questionário padrão, de 17 de maio a 28 de junho de 2004. RESULTADOS: No levantamento A, a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (1.314 ou 89%). Os traumas por corpos estranhos (CE) da superfície ocular foram os mais comuns, respondendo por 863 (58%) casos. O levantamento B mostrou que a proteção ocular foi usada em apenas 17% (22) dos pacientes. Os acidentes geralmente ocorreram no local de trabalho 70% (93), e o domicílio foi o segundo local de maior freqüência (22%). Ainda no levantamento B, 34% dos entrevistados tinham acidentes oculares prévios. CONCLUSÕES: O perfil dos pacientes vítimas de trauma ocular no presente estudo observou a maior ocorrência entre homens e de acidentes por corpos estranhos. O uso de proteção ocular ainda é incipiente e, por outro lado, a recorrência de trauma é considerável. Uma estratégia contínua junto à população, de forma preventiva e educativa com especial atenção ao ambiente de trabalho e doméstico, é necessária para reduzir a ocorrência de trauma ocular.PURPOSE: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of eye injuries in a reference emergency center. METHODS: The study had two surveys: in the first (A) victims of ocular trauma where 1,483 patients admitted along 2003 had their epidemiological data analyzed and the second (B), where 133 patients had clinical aspects and risk and protective factors analyzed by a standard questionnaire between May and June 2004. RESULTS: In survey A, most patients were males (1,314 or 89%). Ocular surface foreign body was the most frequent occurrence with 863 (58%) cases. In survey B it was shown that ocular protection was used only by 17% (22) patients. The accidents occurred more frequently at the workplace 70% (93), followed by the home (22%). In survey B, 34% of the patients had previous accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of patients victims of ocular trauma shows that there is a higher frequency of males and accidents involving cornea foreign body. The use of protective glasses is incipient and recurrence of this lesion is considerable. A preventive and educational strategy among the population with special focus on workplaces and homes is necessary to reduce ocular trauma occurrence.

A matéria orgânica de diversas origens é utilizada na agricultura visando, entre outras finalidades, a estimular a atividade microbiana para limitar a atividade dos patógenos do solo. Sua decomposição induz a atividade de alguns organismos, que se tornam úteis a outros tipos de vida, e estabelece relações sintróficas e antagônicas que mantêm o equilíbrio da comunidade biológica como um todo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da incorporação de diferentes restos vegetais na incidência de podridão radicular do feijoeiro, cujo agente causal é o fungo Rhizoctonia solani. Em casa-de-vegetação, foram utilizadas bandejas plásticas contendo 4 kg de solo cultivado, inoculado com 104 propágulos de Rhizoctonia solani g-1, ao qual foi incorporado o equivalente a 10 t/ha de matéria seca das seguintes origens: Panicum miliaceum, Sorghum maximum, Dolichos lab-lab, Canavaria ensiformis, Braquiaria brizanta, Panicum maximum e Crotalaria juncea. A incorporação do inóculo e dos resíduos vegetais no solo foi realizada simultaneamente. O solo, nas bandejas, foi mantido próximo da capacidade de campo por 60, 30 e 0 dias, antes de ser realizada a semeadura da cultivar Pérola. A avaliação da intensidade de sintomas foi realizada 15 dias após a emergência, utilizando-se uma escala descritiva de 0 a 8. A população microbiana foi avaliada a partir das amostras de solo coletadas das bandejas realizando-se uma diluição em série e o plaqueamento em meios de culturas seletivos. A contagem das colônias de bactérias e fungos foi realizada após sete dias e a de actinomicetos após dez dias de incubação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que apenas o solo com material vegetal incubado durante 60 dias reduziu o índice de doença, não mostrando, contudo, diferenças significativas entre as espécies vegetais estudadas. Relacionando-se o número de propágulos de fungos, actinomicetos e bactérias com o índice de doença, verificou-se que os resíduos vegetais que apresentaram maiores populações de microrganismos no solo foram os que apresentaram os menores índices de doença. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Podridão radicular de Rhizoctonia; controle biológico; população microbiana do solo. Organic matter of several origins is used in the agriculture to stimulate microbial activity and to limit the activity of plant pathogens. Its decomposition induces the activity of some microorganisms that are useful to other species establishing synergistic and antagonistic relationships that maintain the biological balance. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of different vegetable amendments incorporated in the soil on the incidence of root-rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani. In greenhouse, plastic trays containing 4 kg of cultivated soil were inoculated with 104 propagules of Rhizoctonia solani g-1 of soil and in each tray it was incorporated the equivalent of 10 t/ha plant of debris mater of the following species: Panicum miliaceum, Sorghum maximum, Dolichos lab-lab, Canavaria ensiformis, Braquiaria brizanta, Panicum maximum and Crotalaria juncea. The incorporation of the vegetable amendments were realized simultaneous by and the soil was maintained near field capacity for 60, 30 and 0 days, before the bean cultivar Pérola was sown. Symptom intensity was evaluated 15 days after the emergence, using a descriptive scale, varying from 0 to 8. After the completion of the experimental microbial population was estimated in the soil samples collectedfrom each plastic tray serial dilution test using selective culture media. Bacteria and fungi colonies were counted after a seven days incubation period and those of actinomycetes after ten days. Results showed that only vegetable materials incubated for 60 days were able to reduce disease index. No significant differences were observed among the studied plant species. The relationship among number of propagules of fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria with the disease index revealed that the amendments with a larger induced microbial population in the soil were those that presented smaller disease index. KEY-WORDS: Rhizoctonia root rot; biological control; soil microbial population.

Organic matter of several origins is used in the agriculture to stimulate microbial activity and to limit the activity of plant pathogens. Its decomposition induces the activity of some microorganisms that are useful to other species establishing synergistic and antagonistic relationships that maintain the biological balance. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of different vegetable amendments incorporated in the soil on the incidence of root-rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani. In greenhouse, plastic trays containing 4 kg of cultivated soil were inoculated with 104 propagules of Rhizoctonia solani g-1 of soil and in each tray it was incorporated the equivalent of 10 t/ha plant of debris mater of the following species: Panicum miliaceum, Sorghum maximum, Dolichos lab-lab, Canavaria ensiformis, Braquiaria brizanta, Panicum maximum and Crotalaria juncea. The incorporation of the vegetable amendments were realized simultaneous by and the soil was maintained near field capacity for 60, 30 and 0 days, before the bean cultivar Pérola was sown. Symptom intensity was evaluated 15 days after the emergence, using a descriptive scale, varying from 0 to 8. After the completion of the experimental microbial population was estimated in the soil samples collectedfrom each plastic tray serial dilution test using selective culture media. Bacteria and fungi colonies were counted after a seven days incubation period and those of actinomycetes after ten days. Results showed that only vegetable materials incubated for 60 days were able to reduce disease index. No significant differences were observed among the studied plant species. The relationship among number of propagules of fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria with the disease index revealed that the amendments with a larger induced microbial population in the soil were those that presented smaller disease index. KEY-WORDS: Rhizoctonia root rot; biological control; soil microbial population. A matéria orgânica de diversas origens é utilizada na agricultura visando, entre outras finalidades, a estimular a atividade microbiana para limitar a atividade dos patógenos do solo. Sua decomposição induz a atividade de alguns organismos, que se tornam úteis a outros tipos de vida, e estabelece relações sintróficas e antagônicas que mantêm o equilíbrio da comunidade biológica como um todo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da incorporação de diferentes restos vegetais na incidência de podridão radicular do feijoeiro, cujo agente causal é o fungo Rhizoctonia solani. Em casa-de-vegetação, foram utilizadas bandejas plásticas contendo 4 kg de solo cultivado, inoculado com 104 propágulos de Rhizoctonia solani g-1, ao qual foi incorporado o equivalente a 10 t/ha de matéria seca das seguintes origens: Panicum miliaceum, Sorghum maximum, Dolichos lab-lab, Canavaria ensiformis, Braquiaria brizanta, Panicum maximum e Crotalaria juncea. A incorporação do inóculo e dos resíduos vegetais no solo foi realizada simultaneamente. O solo, nas bandejas, foi mantido próximo da capacidade de campo por 60, 30 e 0 dias, antes de ser realizada a semeadura da cultivar Pérola. A avaliação da intensidade de sintomas foi realizada 15 dias após a emergência, utilizando-se uma escala descritiva de 0 a 8. A população microbiana foi avaliada a partir das amostras de solo coletadas das bandejas realizando-se uma diluição em série e o plaqueamento em meios de culturas seletivos. A contagem das colônias de bactérias e fungos foi realizada após sete dias e a de actinomicetos após dez dias de incubação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que apenas o solo com material vegetal incubado durante 60 dias reduziu o índice de doença, não mostrando, contudo, diferenças significativas entre as espécies vegetais estudadas. Relacionando-se o número de propágulos de fungos, actinomicetos e bactérias com o índice de doença, verificou-se que os resíduos vegetais que apresentaram maiores populações de microrganismos no solo foram os que apresentaram os menores índices de doença. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Podridão radicular de Rhizoctonia; controle biológico; população microbiana do solo.

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of the association between thyroid autoimmune dysfunction in patients with and without Graves orbitopathy and non-thyroid autoimmune diseases. METHODS Retrospective review of the medical records of 254 consecutive patients with thyroid autoimmune disease with (n = 150) and without (n = 104) orbitopathy who had been followed at the same institution by ophthalmologists and general clinicians. All medical records contained information on any systemic diseases of the patients and a detailed description of their eye examinations. The mean follow-up period was 5.25 +/- 4.67 years. RESULTS Non-thyroid autoimmune diseases were detected in 24 (9.4%) patients. Type 1 diabetes was the most prevalent non-thyroid autoimmune disease diagnosed in the patients without orbitopathy (7 patients, 6.7%). For the patients with orbitopathy, vitiligo was the most prevalent condition, affecting 6 patients (4%). Other diseases including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, Sjogren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis were seen in a few patients in both groups. The time intervals between the diagnoses of the orbitopathy and the non-thyroid autoimmune disease were highly variable, ranging from none (concomitance of the 2 conditions) to decades. CONCLUSIONS The present data show that several non-thyroid autoimmune diseases may be associated with thyroid autoimmune dysfunction. Patients with Graves disease without orbitopathy are likely to develop polyglandular syndrome due to the occurrence of type 1 diabetes. Patients with Graves orbitopathy should be screened for other autoimmune conditions, especially vitiligo.

Weaning Swiss mice were percutaneously infected with 30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and submitted to a shifting either from a deficient to a balanced diet or vice-versa, for 24 weeks. The nutritional status was weekly evaluated by measurements of growth curves and food intake. Hepatic fibrosis and periovular granulomas were studied by histological, morphometric and biochemical methods. All mice fed on a deficient diet failed to develop periportal "pipestem" fibrosis after chronic infection. An unexpected finding was the absence of pipestem fibrosis in mice on normal diet, probably related to the sample size. The lower values for nutritional parameters were mainly due to the deficient diet, rather than to infection. Liver/body weight ratio was higher in "early undernutrition" group, after shifting to the balanced diet. Volume density and numerical density of egg granulomas reached lowest values in undernourished animals. The amount of collagen was reduced in undernourished mice, attaining higher concentrations in well-fed controls and in "late undernutrition" (balanced diet shifted to a deficient one), where collagen deposition appeared increased in granulomas. That finding suggested interference with collagen degradation and resorption in "late" undernourished animals. Thus, host nutritional status plays a role in connective tissue changes of hepatic schistosomiasis in mice.

A 47-year-old man presented with complaints of progressive diplopia in downgaze and a painful firm mass on the left medial superior canthus. On examination, there was marked hyperemia of the superior bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. Systemic examination revealed erythematous papules on his trunk and pulmonary infiltrates. CT of the orbits revealed a fusiform enlargement of the left superior oblique muscle and diffuse infiltration of the left temporal region. Biopsy of the left superior oblique muscle and temporal muscle disclosed Congo red deposits that show apple-green birefringence under polarized light. A comprehensive systemic investigation failed to show any disease that could explain the amyloid deposits. The patient was then diagnosed as having primary systemic amyloidosis. We think that this case highlights the necessity of a biopsy in any atypical extraocular muscle enlargement before a diagnosis of myositis.

The case of a 31-year-old man with an accidental grease-gun injury to his left orbital region is presented. CT and MRI showed a well-delineated intraconal cyst in the superior aspect of the left orbit surrounded by a significant inflammatory response. The patient was followed for 11 months. Diplopia was not reported at any time, and visual acuity, visual fields, and all other examinations remained normal. Uneventful surgical removal was performed at the patient's request. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a typical picture of lipogranulomatous inflammation. In a review of the accessible literature, only four cases of intraorbital grease-gun injuries were detected; all of them submitted to early surgical removal. We conclude, however, that an intraconal oil/grease cyst can be carefully monitored and--in the absence of symptoms--must not necessarily be removed.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a atividade antioxidante do café, bebida mole, in vivo e in vitro, antes e após a torração. Para a análise da atividade antioxidante in vitro, foram utilizados os métodos de sequestro de radicais livres (DPPH) e de atividade quelante de íons Fe2+. Foram utilizados, para o ensaio in vivo, ratos Zucker diabéticos, portadores de síndrome metabólica, e ratos Zucker controle. Os animais receberam doses diárias das bebidas de café, por gavagem, por 30 dias. Após o tratamento, foi realizada a avaliação de peroxidação lipídica. As amostras torradas apresentaram a maior percentagem de sequestro de radicais livres. As concentrações nas amostras de café verde e torrado foram similares às do padrão Trolox. Das amostras torradas, a torração média se destacou com maior atividade quelante de íons Fe2+. Os cafés verdes mostraram maior poder quelante do que os torrados. Compostos presentes no extrato diminuíram a lipoperoxidação hepática e renal que é comum em casos de diabetes e síndrome metabólica. O café apresenta atividade antioxidante e protege o fígado e os rins dos animais contra a lipoperoxidação comumente presente em quadros de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e síndrome metabólica. The objective of this work was to determine the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of soft coffee beverages, before and after roasting. For the analysis of the antioxidant activity, the methods of free radical sequestration (DPPH) and of the chelating activity of Fe2+ ions were used. In vivo tests were performed with diabetic Zucker rats with metabolic syndrome and control Zucker rats. The animals received daily doses of coffee drinks by gavage for 30 days. After treatment, lipid peroxidation was evaluated. Roasted coffee samples had the highest percentage of free radical sequestration. Concentration in both green and roasted coffee samples was similar to that of the Trolox standard. From the roasted samples, medium roast stood out with greater Fe2+ ion chelating activity. Green coffees showed higher quelating power than the roasted ones. The compounds in the extract decreased the lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidney which is common in cases of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Coffee has an antioxidant activity and protects the liver and kidneys of animals from lipid peroxidation commonly present in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

A morphometric study focusing on some features of the reproductive system of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms was performed, aiming to complete previously reported data concerning the effects of undernourishment of the host on the parasites. Male worms were significantly affected (p

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi verificar alguns aspectos da associação entre a relação homem-animal e o bem-estar do cão. Foram estabelecidas as relações funcionais entre as condições de criação de 60 cães, a progressividade e a atitude de seus proprietários e o bem-estar animal, por meio de análise multivariada de correspondência múltipla. O modelo de investigação utilizado na pesquisa foi do tipo exploratório de caráter descritivo com pesquisa de campo. Realizou-se um inquérito e observações das condições de criação de cães domiciliados. A seleção das residências foi realizada de modo fortuito e sistemático, visando obter variabilidade do tipo de residência e diversidade socioeconômica dos participantes. A índole, o estado de tranquilidade e a avaliação corporal foram os três indicadores utilizados para a medição do bem-estar animal. O cão simultaneamente manso, tranquilo e com condição corporal ideal foi considerado desfrutar do bem-estar adequado. Apenas 43,3% da população canina experimentava bem-estar adequado por ocasião da entrevista. Dentre os três indicadores utilizados, condição corporal e estado de tranquilidade mostraram-se ser indicadores mais apropriados para medir o bem-estar pobre que o bem-estar adequado. Concluiu-se que a progressividade, a atitude positiva e o comprometimento do proprietário com os cuidados necessários para proporcionar uma boa qualidade de vida ao cão, não foram suficientes para favorecer o bem-estar adequado de 56,6% da população estudada.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, a avaliação de antioxidantes na prevenção do escurecimento e na manutenção da qualidade de palmito pupunha minimamente processado armazenado a 5º C (± 1º C e 90% ± 5% UR). Os palmitos foram adquiridos no município de Coqueiral (MG), lavados em água corrente e detergente neutro, sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio 200 mg L-1 por 15 min, processados em rodelas de 1 cm de espessura, sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio 100 mg L-1 por 10 min e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: controle, cisteína 0,5%, ácido cítrico 0,5% e cisteína 0,5% + ácido cítrico 0,5%. Posteriormente, foram acondicionados em embalagens rígidas de polipropileno, armazenados por 12 dias a 5º C (± 1º C e 90% ± 5% UR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente causalizado em fatorial 4x7 (4 tratamentos e 7 tempos de armazenamento) com 3 repetições. O palmito sem tratamento apresentou vida útil de oito dias. O tratamento com cisteína 0,5% foi o que melhor manteve a qualidade de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) minimamente processado, caracterizando um produto com menores valores e menos oscilações de a* e b*, manutenção da firmeza e da acidez titulável ao longo do armazenamento, redução da atividade da peroxidase e manutenção da qualidade do produto durante o período avaliado. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role antioxidants in preventing both browning and quality maintenance of fresh cut pupunha palm cabbage stored at 5º C (± 1º C and 90% ± 5% RH). The pupunha palm cabbages were purchased in the town of Coqueiral (MG), washed in running water and neutral detergent, sanitized with 200 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite for 15 min, processed into 1cm-thick rings, sanitized with 100 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite for 10 min and submitted to the following treatments: control, 0.5% cysteine, 0.5% citric acid and 0.5% cysteine + 0.5% citric acid. Afterwards, they were packed into stiff polypropylene packages stored for 12 days at 5º C (± 1º C and 90% ± 5% RH). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4x7 (4 treatments and 7 storage times) with three replicates. The control group showed useful life of 8 days. The treatment with 0.5% cysteine was the one which kept the quality of the fresh cut pupunha palm cabbage (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), characterizing a product with lower values and fewer oscillations of a* e b*, maintenance of firmness and titrable acidity along the storage, reduction of proxidase activity and maintenance of the product quality during the period valued.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, a avaliação de antioxidantes na prevenção do escurecimento e na manutenção da qualidade de palmito pupunha minimamente processado armazenado a 5º C (± 1º C e 90% ± 5% UR). Os palmitos foram adquiridos no município de Coqueiral (MG), lavados em água corrente e detergente neutro, sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio 200 mg L-1 por 15 min, processados em rodelas de 1 cm de espessura, sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio 100 mg L-1 por 10 min e submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: controle, cisteína 0,5%, ácido cítrico 0,5% e cisteína 0,5% + ácido cítrico 0,5%. Posteriormente, foram acondicionados em embalagens rígidas de polipropileno, armazenados por 12 dias a 5º C (± 1º C e 90% ± 5% UR). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente causalizado em fatorial 4x7 (4 tratamentos e 7 tempos de armazenamento) com 3 repetições. O palmito sem tratamento apresentou vida útil de oito dias. O tratamento com cisteína 0,5% foi o que melhor manteve a qualidade de palmito pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) minimamente processado, caracterizando um produto com menores valores e menos oscilações de a* e b*, manutenção da firmeza e da acidez titulável ao longo do armazenamento, redução da atividade da peroxidase e manutenção da qualidade do produto durante o período avaliado.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com a proposta de avaliar o potencial antioxidante de dois padrões da bebida do café (rio e mole), verdes e torrados, utilizando modelos in vitro. Foram determinados o teor de fenólicos totais, ácido clorogênico (ácido 5-cafeoilquínico) e cafeína das bebidas. A avaliação in vitro do potencial antioxidante foi investigada pelos métodos de captação do radical DPPH e pelo poder redutor de metais. Os dois padrões de bebida do café analisados não apresentaram diferenças quanto aos parâmetros cor, ácido clorogênico e cafeína. Observou-se que houve redução nos valores de ácido clorogênico à medida que os grãos foram torrados. O café verde bebida rio apresentou maior teor de fenólicos totais que o café bebida mole. Nos grãos torrados não foi observada diferença. A bebida do café independente da qualidade sensorial apresentou alto poder redutor e importante atividade sequestrante de radicais livres. A atividade sequestrante de radicais livres foi significativamente superior nas amostras obtidas a partir dos grãos torrados, quando comparados aos extratos dos grãos verdes. A torração, porém, reduziu o poder redutor das bebidas do café. Os dados obtidos permitem sugerir que, independente da classificação sensorial da bebida, o café apresenta expressiva capacidade sequestrante de radicais livres e poder redutor de metais. The present work intended to evaluate the antioxidant potential of two coffee sorts (soft and river), green and roasted, in vitro. Phenolic compounds content, chlorogenic acid (5-cafeoyolquinic) and caffeine of the beverages were evaluated. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant potential was investigated by DPPH radical scavenging assay and by reducing the power of metals. Both sorts of coffee did not present statistical differences for color, chlorogenic acid and caffeine. After roasting, 5-cafeoyolquinic acid levels decreased. River coffee beverage presented greater content of phenolics than the soft coffee beverage. In the roasted coffees no significant difference was observed. All sorts of coffee beverages presented high reducing ability and important scavenging activity of free radicals. The scavenging activity was higher in the roasted samples. The roast process decreased the reducing ability of the coffee beverage. Results allow suggesting that independent of the sort, coffee presents expressive antioxidant activity and reducing ability.

O processo de torração do café induz alterações físicas, químicas e sensoriais na matéria-prima, cuja intensidade e tipo dependem, principalmente, da composição química dos grãos e do tempo e temperatura utilizados na execução do mesmo. Este processo promove a degradação, formação e volatilização de vários compostos. Comercialmente, existem cafés torrados e moídos em diferentes pontos de torração, os quais originam bebidas com diferentes propriedades sensoriais e nutricionais. Os compostos trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína interferem no sabor e aroma do café. A trigonelina e os ácidos clorogênicos vêm sendo estudados também quanto ao aspecto nutricional, uma vez que esses compostos possuem ação benéfica à saúde. Esses compostos são solúveis em água quente, portanto, estarão presentes na bebida em função da sua estabilidade no processo de torração. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar as concentrações dos compostos trigonelina, ácidos clorogênicos e cafeína em cafés da espécie Coffea arabica L. classificados como bebida mole, dura e rio submetidos a três pontos de torração: claro, médio e escuro. As torrações mais acentuadas promoveram uma maior degradação de trigonelina e ácido 5-cafeoilquínico, enquanto que a torração clara promoveu degradação apenas para o ácido clorogênico, não interferindo nas concentrações de trigonelina. A degradação da cafeína não ocorreu em nenhum ponto de torração. The roasting process of coffee induces sensorial, chemical and physical alterations in the raw material. The type and intensity of the process depend mainly on the chemical composition of the grains and on the time and temperature used. This process promotes the degradation, formation and volatilisation of several compounds. There are roast and ground coffees submitted to different roasting conditions available in the market, which give origin to beverages with different sensorial and nutritional properties. The compounds trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine interfere with the flavor of the coffee. The trigonelline and the chlorogenic acids were studied considering their nutritional aspect as well, since these compounds and"or their degradation products have a beneficial action to our health. These compounds are soluble in hot water therefore they will be present in the beverage depending on their stability through the roasting process. The aim of this work was to asses the concentrations of trigonelline, chlorogenic acids and caffeine in coffees of the species Coffea arabica, classified as soft, hard, and rio which were submitted to three roasting degrees: light, medium, and dark. The most intense roasting process generated a greater degradation of trigonelline and 5-caffeoilquinic (5-CQA) while the light roasting caused degradation just of the chlorogenic acid, not interfering with the trigonelline concentrations. Caffeine was not degraded at any roasting degree.