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In this paper, we investigate some additive results on gp-Hirano invertibility in Banach algebras. By applying our results, some new results for operator matrices are obtained. This extends the main results of [H. Zou, T. Li and Y. Wei, arXiv:2302.06080v1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors convey their concerns about herbal medicines and other traditional remedies in Iran. Topics mentioned include the reason behind the resurgence of the popularity of medicinal plants throughout the world, the most common herbal medicines sold in Iran according to a poll by Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and misconception over a belief that medicinal herbs are safe for being natural.

Background: Nowadays, there is an increase of meat and animal carcass consumption worldwide. Due to the economic value of meat, the likelihood of using unauthorized tissue is possible in meat products. Based on these observations, the aim of the present study was to apply morphological method for detection of unauthorized tissues in processed meat products. Methods: In this study, a total of 20 samples of different types of processed meat products including Kabab Loghme (n=5), sausage (n=5), handmade hamburger (n=5) and Kabab Koobideh (n=5) were randomly collected from restaurants and supermarkets in Iran. The samples were divided into three parts and then, one piece was taken from each part for the histological study. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin and routinely processed for light microscopy. The paraffin-embedded blocks were cut into 6 μm sections and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological study. Results: The skeletal muscle tissues were visible clearly in all samples. A wide range of unauthorized tissues have been detected including connective tissue (n=20), gizzard (n=2), adipose tissue (n=7), soya (n=11), cartilage (n=5) and ovary (n=1). Conclusion: The present study showed the use of unauthorized tissues in Iranian processed meat products which were detectable by histological method. Therefore, histological technique may be a simple and economic tool for evaluation of the meat adulteration and to improve hygiene and meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we define a new type of rings "almost power-hermitian rings" (a generalization of almost hermitian rings) and establish several sufficient conditions over a ring R such that, every regular matrix admits a diagonal power-reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the many questions concerning the words of the Holy Qur'an is whether their content and meaning were truly a divine revelation or they were revealed to the Prophet from God and then transferred into the form of words. In this regard, there are two perspectives. First, as all Muslims believe, the words of the Qur'an are the result of a divine revelation, where­as the second viewpoint is that the words of the Qur'an are written by a human and not God. According to this latter perspective, the words of the Qur'an are sayings of the Prophet of which only the contents are based on a divine revelation. The theory of the words of the Qur'an not being a divine revelation has been an abandoned and rejected one throughout the Islamic history. This is the reason it has not been the subject of any pertinent discussions. How can the words of the Qur'an be created by Muhammad or Gabriel even though it is believed that the Qur'an is a miracle? This article first defines the concept of revelation and then analyzes various viewpoints and opinions regarding this topic in order to conclude (with evidence) that the Qur'an is the word of God and not the word of the Prophet. If he had composed the words of the Qur'an and expressed the meaning of the revelation in his own words, then the Qur'an would not be the word of God. In this case, the term 'word of God' indicates that the concept of the 'word' should be considered. Thus, it is clear that the words of the Qur'an are divine and they can be referred and attributed to God.

Glioma is a kind of brain tumor that develops in the central nervous system and is classified based on its histology and molecular genetic features. The lifespan of patients does not exceed 22 months. One of the motives for the low effectiveness of glioma treatment is its radioresistance and chemoresistance. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a diverse set of transcripts that do not undergo translation to become proteins in glioma. The ncRNAs have been identified as significant regulators of several biological processes in different cell types and tissues, and their abnormal function has been linked to glioma. They are known to impact important occurrences, including carcinogenesis, progression, and enhanced treatment resistance in glioma cells. The ncRNAs control cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and drug resistance in glioma cells. The main focus of this study is to inspect the involvement of ncRNAs in the drug resistance of glioma., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest I declare that there is no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Over the years, advancements in the field of oncology have made remarkable strides in enhancing the efficacy of medical care for patients with cancer. These modernizations have resulted in prolonged survival and improved the quality of life for these patients. However, this progress has also been accompanied by escalation in mortality rates associated with anthracycline chemotherapy. Anthracyclines, which are known for their potent antitumor properties, are notorious for their substantial cardiotoxic potential. Remarkably, even after 6 decades of research, a conclusive solution to protect the cardiovascular system against doxorubicin-induced damage has not yet been established. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological processes driving cardiotoxicity combined with targeted research is crucial for developing innovative cardioprotective strategies. This review seeks to explain the mechanisms responsible for structural and functional alterations in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: The radial approach is now recommended as the default strategy in diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is the most common complication that limits subsequent angiographic procedures through this access. Recently, distal radial access (DRA) has been recommended as an alternative access site. Despite lower RAO rates in DRA in some recent clinical trials, concerns remain regarding possible complications and limitations due to the small size of the distal radial artery., Objective: The present study aimed to compare traditional radial access (TRA) and DRA concerning RAO in percutaneous coronary procedures., Methods: In the present prospective cohort study, percutaneous coronary procedures were performed via DRA or TRA in 2 study groups. All consecutive participants underwent DRA from September 2021 to March 2022 and TRA from April 2022 to June 2022. Ultrasonography was performed preprocedurally in the DRA group, and patients with small distal artery diameters (<2 mm) were excluded. The same 6-Fr sheaths and standard air-filled compression devices were used in both groups. The primary endpoint was RAO in ultrasound sonography on the first postprocedural day, and the secondary endpoints were the success rate, access time, angiography time, radial artery spasms, and vascular access complications., Results: A total of 298 patients were assigned to the DRA group and 278 to the TRA group. The RAO rate was significantly higher in the TRA group than in the DRA group (10.1 % vs 0.9 %; P  = 0.0001; OR, 0.08, 95 % CI, 0.01-0.27). The success rate was significantly higher in the TRA group (96 % vs 90.2 %; P  = 0.009). Access crossovers were done on 12 patients (4.0 %) in the TRA group and 24 patients (9.8 %) in the DRA group ( P  < 0.001). The mean access time was significantly lower in the TRA group than in the DRA group (1.9 min vs 2.9 min; P  < 0.001). The mean angiography time did not significantly differ between the groups (10.2 min in the TRA group vs 9.9 min in the DRA group). The rate of radial artery spasms was not significantly different between the 2 groups (13.8 % in the TRA group vs 14.5 % in the DRA group). The rates of access site hematoma (12.4 % vs 2.3 %; P  < 0.001) and bleeding (10.7 % vs 4.1; P  = 0.005) were significantly higher in the TRA group., Conclusions: DRA was safe and feasible with lower rates of RAO and access site complications than TRA. Thus, it could be used as an alternative approach in percutaneous coronary procedures. However, the trade-off for these advantages of DRA is an increase in cross-over rate, and a decrease in puncture success rate., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:The corresponding author, Dr. Parham Sadeghipour, serves as an associate editor in Heliyon, Cardiovascular Section. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The development of ionizable lipid (IL) was necessary to enable the effective formulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), a key player in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. In this way, the synthesis and utility of IL for enhancing cellular uptake of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) improve the proper delivery of siRNA-LNPs for knockdown overexpression of P2X7R. Therefore, to evaluate the impact of P2X7 knockdown on breast cancer (BC) migration and apoptosis, a branched and synthesized ionizable lipid (SIL) was performed for efficient transfection of LNP with siRNA for targeting P2X7 receptors (siP2X7) in mouse 4T-1 cells. Following synthesis and structural analysis of SIL, excellent characterization of the LNP was achieved (Z-average 126.8 nm, zeta-potential - 12.33, PDI 0.16, and encapsulation efficiency 85.35%). Afterward, the stability of the LNP was evaluated through an analysis of the leftover composition, and toxic concentration values for SIL and siP2X7 were determined. Furthermore, siP2X7-LNP cellular uptake in the formulation was assessed via confocal microscopy. Following determining the optimal dose (45 pmol), wound healing analysis was assessed using scratch assay microscopy, and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. The use of the innovative branched SIL in the formulation of siP2X7-LNP resulted in significant inhibition of migration and induction of apoptosis in 4T-1 cells due to improved cellular uptake. Subsequently, the innovative SIL represents a critical role in efficiently delivering siRNA against murine triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) using LNP formulation, resulting in significant efficacy., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Arterial hypertension is a multifaceted condition influenced by numerous pathophysiological factors. The key contributors to its pathogenesis encompass an unhealthy lifestyle, dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, alterations in the activity of adrenergic receptors, disruptions in sodium metabolism, structural and functional abnormalities in the vascular bed, as well as endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress etc. Despite extensive research into the mechanisms of arterial hypertension development over the centuries, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, and the selection of an effective treatment strategy continues to pose a significant challenge. Arterial hypertension is characterized by a diminished sensitivity of the β-adrenergic system, leading to the utilization of β-adrenergic blockers and other antihypertensive drugs in its treatment. This review delves into the mechanisms of action of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in the treatment of hypertension and their respective effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest N/A, (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies indicate a strong connection between oxidative stress, inappropriate activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although antioxidant therapy is a valid strategy to alleviate these problems, the most important limitation of this approach is the ineffectiveness of drug administration due to the limited permeability of the BBB. Therefore, BBB-penetrating p38 MAPK modulators with proper antioxidant capacity could be useful in preventing/reducing the complications of neurodegenerative disorders. The current manuscript aims to review the therapeutic capabilities of some recently reviewed naturally occurring p38 MAPK inhibitors in the management of neurodegenerative problems such as Alzheimer's disease. In data collection, we tried to use more recent studies published in high-quality journals indexed in databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and so on, but no specific time frame was considered due to the nature of the study. Our evaluations indicate that natural compounds tanshinones, protoberberines, pinocembrin, osthole, rhynchophylline, oxymatrine, schisandrin, piperine, paeonol, ferulic acid, 6-gingerol, obovatol, and trolox have significant potential for use as supplements/adjuvants in the reduction of neurodegenerative-related problems. Our findings emphasize the usefulness of BBB-penetrating phytochemicals with p38 MAPK modulatory activity as potential therapeutic options against neurodegenerative disorders. Of course, the proper use of these compounds depends on considering their toxicity/safety profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics as well as the clinical conditions of users., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background and Aim: Zhumeria majdae, a unique native plant of southern Iran, has been traditionally used to treat various health issues. Preclinical studies suggest its therapeutic potential for immunological and inflammatory disorders. This study investigates the effect of Z. majdae essential oil (ZMEO) on TNBS-induced colitis in rats, focusing on the NF-κB/p38 MAPK/Nrf-2 pathway., Experimental Procedure: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used, with all groups except the sham group receiving a single intra-rectal dose of TNBS. Three different doses of ZMEO and also 1 mg/kg dexamethasone were administered orally for 2 weeks. Colon tissue was analyzed for ulcer index, histological changes, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic factors, and levels of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and Nrf-2., Key Results: GC-mass analysis identified 25 compounds with linalool (52.01%) and camphor (31.01%) as the major compounds in ZMEO. ZMEO ameliorated colon injuries, reduced ulcer index, and prevented the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins. It also increased the levels of IL-10 and Bcl-2 proteins. Furthermore, ZMEO decreased the expression of p-NF-κB and p38 MAPK while increasing the expression of pNrf-2., Conclusions: ZMEO mitigates colon damage associated with IBD by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins possibly through modulating the NF-κB/p38 MAPK/Nrf-2 signaling pathway., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Background: Diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is challenging due to nonspecific biomarkers. High serum levels of neurofilament protein light subunit (NFL), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and have been reported in several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to examine whether their plasma levels could serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for NPSLE., Methods: There were 90 SLE patients enrolled in this cross-sectional study (87.8% women and 12.2% men with a mean age of 41.67±11.05 years). We assessed the mental status of patients, also we measured the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR (SLICC/ ACR) Damage Index or SDI scores. Serum levels of NFL, HMGB1, MMP9, and ds-DNA were investigated to find a role in the pathophysiology of NPSLE., Results: Among the 90 patients with SLE, 63 (70%) met the criteria of NPSLE syndrome. Our results have shown a notable difference concerning SEDIAC-2k score, SDI score, PANS, MoCA, and Beck anxiety depression, between the two groups (p < 0.05). Although serum level of all measured serum biomarkers (NFL, MMP-9, HMGB1, dsDNA) were higher in patients with NPSLE, the difference was not statistically significant. Interestingly, our results showed that the serum level of NFL was correlated with the serum level of HMGB-1 and MMP-9. (r: 0.411, P=0.003)., Conclusion: Serum level of NFL, HMGB-1 and MMP-9 may be used to detect abnormal mental status in patients with SLE., Competing Interests: We declare no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s).)

The trend in the incidence rate of bone fractures has been upward and as a result, the burden associated with orthopedic fractures has increased significantly. Titanium (Ti) implants are considered a preferred method of managing long bone fractures. However, no benefit comes without some downside, and using Ti implants is associated with several complications. In this respect, it was observed that in bones, Ti can disrupt the bone healing process by disturbing the balance of osteoclast and osteoblast activation and also increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. Melatonin is a widely-acting molecule that possesses strong anti-oxidant features. This molecule reinforces mineral density and improves bone formation processes. In this review, we focused on the protective effect of melatonin in mitigating the Ti-related complications., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic lung condition that produces symptoms including coughing which may cause by excessive accumulation of scar tissue inflammatory and oxidative stress exacerbation. Sumatriptan, utilized for migraine treatment as a selective 5-HT 1B/1D receptor agonist, has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in multiple preclinical investigations. Operating primarily on serotonin receptors, sumatriptan leverages the diverse physiological functions of serotonin, playing a pivotal role in regulating both inflammation and oxidative stress which is particularly relevant in the context of IPF., Materials & Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided to five group, including: Sham (without IPF induction), control (BLM 5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), and three fibrosis group with sumatriptan (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg, i.p. for 2 weeks) administration. IPF was induced by injection of BLM (single dose, 5 mg/kg intratracheally). Lung tissues were separated for measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) as an oxidative stress hallmark, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-β), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as inflammatory markers as well as alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Also, for histological investigations, tissue damages were assessed by Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining method., Results: BLM-induced fibrosis could increase α-SMA, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β, while treatment with sumatriptan has reversed the α-SMA, MPO, and IL-1β levels. Moreover, the results of H&E and Masson's trichrome staining indicated that sumatriptan (1 and 3 mg/kg) reduced tissue damages, alveolar wall thickness, collagen accumulation, and pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM., Conclusion: According to the data achieved from this study, Sumatriptan appears to have therapeutic benefits in IPF, possibly via reducing α-SMA as well as inflammation and the toxicity caused by oxidative stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The prevalence of depression is higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population. Inflammatory cytokines and the kynurenine pathway (KP) play important roles in IBD and associated depression. Aripiprazole (ARP), an atypical antipsychotic, shows various anti-inflammatory properties and may be useful in treating major depressive disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ARP on TNBS-induced colitis and subsequent depression in rats, highlighting the role of the KP., Material and Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were used, and all groups except for the normal and sham groups received a single dose of intra-rectal TNBS. Three different doses of ARP and dexamethasone were injected intraperitoneally for two weeks in treatment groups. On the 15th day, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Colon ulcer index and histological changes were assessed. The tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines, KP markers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), and zonula occludens (ZO-1) were evaluated in the colon and hippocampus., Results: TNBS effectively induced intestinal damages and subsequent depressive-like symptoms in rats. TNBS treatment significantly elevated the intestinal content of inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB expression, dysregulated the KP markers balance in both colon and hippocampus tissues, and increased the serum levels of LPS. However, treatment with ARP for 14 days successfully reversed these alterations, particularly at higher doses., Conclusion: ARP could alleviate IBD-induced colon damage and associated depressive-like behaviors mainly via suppressing inflammatory cytokines activity, serum LPS concentration, and affecting the NF-κB/kynurenine pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, has been demonstrated to be effective in gynecological conditions and female reproductive cancers. This review consolidates the accumulating evidence on melatonin's multifaceted protective effects in different pathological contexts. In gynecological conditions such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and uterine leiomyoma, melatonin has shown promising effects in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances. It inhibits adhesion molecules' production, and potentially mitigates leukocyte adherence and inflammatory responses. Melatonin's regulatory effects on hormone production and insulin sensitivity in PCOS individuals make it a promising candidate for improving oocyte quality and menstrual irregularities. Moreover, melatonin exhibits significant antitumor effects by modulating various signaling pathways, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis in breast cancers and gynecological cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Furthermore, melatonin's protective effects are suggested to be mediated by interactions with its receptors, estrogen receptors and other nuclear receptors. The regulation of clock-related genes and circadian clock systems may also contribute to its inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth. However, more comprehensive research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and establish melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for these conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a pulmonary fibrotic disease characterized by a poor prognosis, which its pathogenesis involves the accumulation of abnormal fibrous tissue, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Ivermectin, a positive allosteric modulator of GABA A receptor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in preclinical studies. The present study investigates the potential protective effects of ivermectin treatment in rats against bleomycin-induced IPF., Materials and Methods: The present study involved 42 male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups: control (without induction of IPF), bleomycin (IPF-induced by bleomycin 2.5 mg/kg, by intratracheal administration), and three fibrosis groups receiving ivermectin (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg). lung tissues were harvested for measurement of oxidative stress [ via myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH)] and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]). Histological assessments of tissue damage were performed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining methods., Results: The induction of fibrosis via bleomycin was found to increase levels of MPO as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β while decrease SOD activity and GSH level. Treatment with ivermectin at a dosage of 3 mg/kg was able to reverse the effects of bleomycin-induced fibrosis on these markers. In addition, results from H&E and Masson's trichrome staining showed that ivermectin treatment at this same dose reduced tissue damage and pulmonary fibrosis., Conclusion: The data obtained from this study indicate that ivermectin may have therapeutic benefits for IPF, likely due to its ability to reduce inflammation and mitigate oxidative stress-induced toxicity.

A major factor in long-term impairment is stroke. Patients with persistent stroke and severe functional disabilities have few therapy choices. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to the regulation of the pathophysiologic processes of ischemic stroke as shown by altered expression of lncRNAs and microRNA (miRNAs) in blood samples of acute ischemic stroke patients. On the other hand, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) increase neurogenesis, and angiogenesis, dampen neuroinflammation, and boost brain plasticity to improve functional recovery in experimental stroke models. MSCs can be procured from various sources such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood. Under the proper circumstances, MSCs can differentiate into a variety of mature cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Accordingly, the capability of MSCs to exert neuroprotection and also neurogenesis has recently attracted more attention. Nowadays, lncRNAs and miRNAs derived from MSCs have opened new avenues to alleviate stroke symptoms. Accordingly, in this review article, we examined various studies concerning the lncRNAs and miRNAs' role in stroke pathogenesis and delivered an overview of the therapeutic role of MSC-derived miRNAs and lncRNAs in stroke conditions., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Fibrosis, the excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue in an organ in response to injury, is a pathological condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Fibrosis causes the failure of tissue function and is largely irreversible as the disease progresses. Pharmacologic treatment options for organ fibrosis are limited, but studies suggest that antioxidants, particularly melatonin, can aid in preventing and controlling fibrotic damage to the organs. Melatonin, an indole nocturnally released from the pineal gland, is commonly used to regulate circadian and seasonal biological rhythms and is indicated for treating sleep disorders. While it is often effective in treating sleep disorders, melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it a promising molecule for treating other disorders such as organ fibrosis. Melatonin ameliorates the necrotic and apoptotic changes that lead to fibrosis in various organs including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Moreover, melatonin reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells during fibrosis development. This article outlines the protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis, including its safety and potential therapeutic effects. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of data accumulated to date and to encourage further experimentation with melatonin and increase its use as an anti-fibrotic agent in clinical settings., (© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) abuse has been criticized for its role in neurodegeneration. Also, a high risk of seizure was reported in the first month of MPH treatment. Topiramate, a broad-spectrum Antiepileptic Drug (AED), has been used as a neuroprotective agent in both aforementioned complications. Nanotechnology is introduced to increase desirable neurological treatment with minimum side effects. We aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective activity of topiramate loaded on nanoparticles., Methods and Results: MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cellular cytotoxicity of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSN). Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p) MPH (10 mg/kg) injection and a daily oral dose of topiramate (TPM, 30 mg/kg), MSN with Zn core (10 and 30 mg/kg), and MSN with Cu core (10 and 30 mg/kg) for three weeks. On day 21, a seizure was induced by a single injection of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to evaluate the protective effects of TPM-loaded nanoparticles on seizure latency and duration following MPH-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, the hippocampal content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GR) activities were assessed. Also, BAX and Bcl-2 as two main apoptotic markers were evaluated., Results: MPH neurotoxicity was observed as a raised duration and reduced latency in PTZ-induced seizure. However, TPM-loaded MSN with Zn species (NE) treatment reduced the duration and improved the latency time. Also, NE and, somewhat, TPM-loaded MSN with Cu species (NM) administration reduced inflammatory cytokines, MDA, and Bax levels and increased activities in the rat hippocampus., Conclusion: TPM-loaded nanoparticles could be used as neuroprotective agents against MPH-induced neurodegeneration by improving seizure parameters and reducing inflammatory, oxidant, and apoptotic factors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Rationale: Tramadol and ethanol, as psychoactive agents, are often abused. Discovering the molecular pathways of drug-induced memory creation may contribute to preventing drug addiction and relapse., Objective: The tramadol- and ethanol-induced state-dependent memory (SDM) and cross-SDM retrieval between tramadol and ethanol were examined in this study. Moreover, because of the confirmed involvement of GABAA receptors and GABAergic neurotransmission in memory retrieval impairment, we assessed cross-SDM retrieval between tramadol and ethanol with a specific emphasis on the role of the GABAA receptors. The first hypothesis of this study was the presence of cross-SDM between tramadol and ethanol, and the second hypothesis was related to possible role of GABAA receptors in memory retrieval impairment within the dorsal hippocampus. The cannulae were inserted into the hippocampal CA1 area of NMRI mice, and a step-down inhibitory avoidance test was used to evaluate state dependence and memory recovery., Results: The post-training and/or pre-test administration of tramadol (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or ethanol (0.5 and 1 g/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia, which was restored after the administration of the drugs 24 h later during the pre-test period, proposing ethanol and tramadol SDM. The pre-test injection of ethanol (0.25 and 0.5 g/kg, i.p.) with tramadol at an ineffective dose (1.25 mg/kg) enhanced tramadol SDM. Moreover, tramadol injection (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) with ethanol at the ineffective dose (0.25 g/kg) promoted ethanol SDM. Furthermore, the pre-test intra-CA1 injection of bicuculline (0.0625, 0.125, and 0.25 μg/mouse), a GABAA receptor antagonist, 5 min before the injection of tramadol (5 mg/kg) or ethanol (1 g/kg) inhibited tramadol- and ethanol-induced SDM dose-dependently., Conclusion: The findings strongly confirmed cross-SDM between tramadol and ethanol and the critical role of dorsal hippocampal GABAA receptors in the cross-SDM between tramadol and ethanol., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is of central importance for the immune function. It prevents hyperinflammation and induces long-term immune tolerance. Accumulating evidence also demonstrates cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of kynurenine pathway in conditions affecting either central or peripheral nervous system as well as other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although multilevel association exists between the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and various neurologic (e.g., neurodegenerative) disorders, it is believed that the kynurenine pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of both IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. In this setting, there is strong evidence linking the gut-brain axis with intestinal dysfunctions including IBD which is consistent with the fact that the risk of neurodegenerative diseases is higher in IBD patients. This review aims to highlight the role of kynurenine metabolic pathway in various neurologic and psychiatric diseases as well as relationship between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders in the light of the kynurenine metabolic pathway., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Rationale: The global burden of cardiovascular (CV) and oncological diseases continues to increase. In this regard, the prevention of CV diseases (CVD) before and after cancer treatment is an urgent and unsolved problem in medicine. For this reason, our research group aimed to investigate the possibility of dapagliflozin-related cardioprotection, using an experimental model of chronic Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) + Cyclophosphamide (AC)-mode of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy., Objective: The redox balance, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial damage parameters were measured to evaluate the pathways of dapagliflozin-induced stabilization of CV homeostasis., Methods: For this study, 80 inbred Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four equally sized groups. A model of chronic cardiotoxicity was attained by using doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide co-administration. In the case, the markers of redox-balance, cholesterol metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, myocardial alteration, and morphological examination were assessed., Results: For all parameters, statistically significant deviations were obtained, emphasizing the sequel of AC-mode chemotherapy-related detergent effect on CV system (group 2). Moreover, the data obtained from dapagliflozin-treated groups (group 3) showed that this strategy provide limitation of lipid peroxidation, cholesterol metabolism and endothelial function normalization, with subsequent morphological preservation of myocardium., Conclusion: Dapagliflozin has a broad spectrum of pleiotropic influences, namely cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and endothelium-stabilizing properties. These properties provide a favorable environment for the prevention of chemotherapy-related cardiomyopathy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No potential conflict of interest, (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Previous studies evaluated the impact of particle matters (PM) on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on local registries., Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate possible short term effect of air pollutants on occurrence of AMI based on a specific case report sheet that was designed for this purpose., Methods: AMI was documented among 982 patients who referred to the emergency departments in Tehran, Iran, between July 2017 to March 2019. For each patient, case period was defined as 24 hour period preceding the time of emergency admission and referent periods were defined as the corresponding time in 1, 2, and 3 weeks before the admission. The associations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2 .5 ) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM 10 ) with AMI were analyzed using conditional logistic regression in a case-crossover design., Result: Increase in PM 2.5 and PM 10 was significantly associated with the occurrence of AMI with and without adjustment for the temperature and humidity. In the adjusted model each 10 μg/m 3 increase of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in case periods was significantly associated with increase myocardial infarction events (95% CI = 1.041-1.099, OR = 1.069 and 95% CI = 1.073-1.196, and OR = 1.133, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that increase in PM 10 did not increase AMI events in diabetic subgroup, but in all other subgroups PM 10 and PM 2 .5 concentration showed positive associations with increased AMI events., Conclusion: Acute exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with increased risk of AMI irrespective of temperature and humidity., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)