Search

Mission statements provide educational institutions with the legitimacy to market and promote services through positive statements. This study applied genre analysis to examine the function of promotional rhetoric in top 100 international universities' mission statements. Bhatia's rhetorical moves of promotional genre was triangulated with Pearce and David's components for mission-writing. It was seen that international universities rely on promotional rhetorical moves to articulate their self-concept and services. Moreover, universities actively compete against each other to secure a high position in the international ranking lists. This ensures that they obtain additional incentives that help them gain economic stability and build a reputation. Promotional genre has become a practiced culture in the professional discourse community of higher education. Hence, there is a need to allow mission statements genre membership. We suggested a genre model that can be taught and used for writing mission statements. The most recurrent moves employed suggest that the communicative purpose for mission-writing used by international universities is to target the international market and build a public image to reel in more students, thereby improving their financial status while ensuring a good reputation. Based on this study, institutions can get guidance on designing and drafting effective mission statements.

Students in higher education bring with them a difference of linguistic abilities that is often due to the difference in socioeconomic status and early schooling. The lack of linguistic capacity hampers academic pace and introduces discrepancies in performance of learners. This paper examines the persistence of socioeconomic differences being translated in educational institutes and their influence on language outcomes and it investigates the role of effective intervention through an action research model by Zuber-Skerritt (1992) called CRASP. It is an experimental study based on a sample of 300 engineering students which examines initial and final evaluation of language proficiency through intervention. The tools used to gather data include demographics, language test of writing and speaking skills and sequential assessment. The results showed that intervention is helpful for enhancing language proficiency nonetheless; the improvement rate is nearly negligible and requires a long-term plan to impact early disadvantage of exposure.

The virtual world, with its many ways of communication, illustrates the most visible way in which communicative behavior has altered. These new modalities offer a robust testing ground for language theories, including genre studies. Mobile technology in general and in particular SMS, has brought with it its own culture and language as has every other media. SMS is an asynchronous, text-based, electronically mediated interaction with a single channel. It represents the unpredictability and unconstrained nature of contemporary communication technology, which is evolving at breakneck pace. The aim of this study was to analyze the SMS sent by three companies providing goods and services. It included promotional SMSs of banks, clothing brands and transport services. Bhatia's (2005) Model was applied to see how this promotional genre conforms to the 10 moves given in the model. 15 SMSs from each category were selected. On the second level, their linguistic features were also studied to observe how tense, lexical choice and formality levels changed from one category to another. It was concluded that SMS being a new, brief and purely text-based promotional genre did not have all the 10 moves of Bhatia's Model. The study shows that being a very brief, textual and electronically mediated genre, SMS has its own genre structure which leaves out some moves from Bhatia Model that is applicable to multimodal promotional genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving research questions from the prevailing issues and interests and developing from them new theories, formulas, algorithms, methods, and designs, and linking them to the interests of the larger audience is a vital component of scientific research papers. The present article discusses outlining purposes or stating the nature of the present research, and listing research questions or hypotheses in the introduction of academic papers. This corpus-based genre study focuses particularly on Move 3 of the model "occupying the niche." The results indicating disciplinary variation show that the writers of Computer Science (CS) research articles, over the years have developed an increased use of outlining purpose/stating the nature of the present research, having the characteristics of purposive, descriptive, extension of the previous work, contrast to the existing work, brevity, complexity, and a description of methodology. It also shows that listing research questions or hypothesis may have distinctively different functions in developing genres as compared to the established ones such as physics.

Mission statements provide educational institutions with the legitimacy to market and promote services through positive statements. This study applied genre analysis to examine the function of promotional rhetoric in top 100 international universities' mission statements. Bhatia's rhetorical moves of promotional genre was triangulated with Pearce and David's components for mission‐writing. It was seen that international universities rely on promotional rhetorical moves to articulate their self‐concept and services. Moreover, universities actively compete against each other to secure a high position in the international ranking lists. This ensures that they obtain additional incentives that help them gain economic stability and build a reputation. Promotional genre has become a practiced culture in the professional discourse community of higher education. Hence, there is a need to allow mission statements genre membership. We suggested a genre model that can be taught and used for writing mission statements. The most recurrent moves employed suggest that the communicative purpose for mission‐writing used by international universities is to target the international market and build a public image to reel in more students, thereby improving their financial status while ensuring a good reputation. Based on this study, institutions can get guidance on designing and drafting effective mission statements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines sociocultural, pragmatic, and gender differences between native speakers of British English (BritE) and Pakistani English speakers (PakE) in expressing apology responses (ARs). Based on a discourse completion task (DCT) using data from 60 speakers of both cultures, the study focuses on the variations in the use of apology response strategies in three severe and three non-severe situations. The findings show that the two groups use a variety of strategies in expressing apology responses. The majority of BritE speakers tend to use ARs with the relatively strong hearer-oriented strategies (Acceptance). PakE ARs, on the other hand, seem to be dominated by the frequent use of Acknowledgment, with speaker-oriented strategies. These results have proven that both male and female English-using Pakistanis are amazingly obvious and direct in their apology responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns the use of promotional rhetoric reflected in mission and vision statements of international corporate firms. It mainly used transitivity system in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) to analyse the use of experiential processes in enacting promotional rhetorical moves. Based on hundred international companies' mission and vision statements, we analysed the most recurrent experiential processes associated with each rhetorical move. Because companies aim to establish their social role in the corporate discourse community, they largely focus on promotional agendas. This requires them to write mission statements that define their nature, beliefs, and values. In conclusion, we found that mental and relational process are favoured linguistic practices used by corporate firms to write mission statements that focus on building public image. Iman Aib is a PhD scholar of English Linguistics in the Department of English at Air University Islamabad, Pakistan. Her research interests include ecolinguistics, genre analysis and critical discourse studies, and has published articles in Social Media + Society. Prof. Dr. Wasima Shehzad is serving as a professor in the Faculty of Social Sciences, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan. She completed her PhD from University of Michigan under the supervision of John Swales. Her research interests are genre analysx1is, corpus linguistics and language policy, and has published numerous articles in journals such as Journal of Technical Writing and Communication. She is the author of the book Corpus Linguistics beyond the Word. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the corpus-based exploration of the nature of content words used by children with autism in a conversation. It aims to investigate what does the frequency of content words inform about the conceptualization of events and what differences can be seen in the conceptualization of children with severe and mild autism. The theory of embodiment is adopted to analyze the content words related to the conversations regarding birthday and school events. A spoken corpus of the conversation of thirteen children with autism was built for the investigation. The results show the tendency of these children to use nouns and adjectives as compared to verbs in their conversations. Moreover, children with severe autism gave less linguistics responses as compared to children with mild autism. Their distinct sensoryperceptual experiences seem to impact the use of the content words and their conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constitutional texts are known for their linguistic complexities related to vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. The complexity increases when the language of the Constitution is not commonly used by the citizens. Despite the use of technical terms, legal jargon, and complicated sentence structures, the Constitution is frequently referred to in matters of state and governance. The study is built on the textual perspective of the Critical Genre Analysis (CGA) framework (Bhatia, 2004, 2016). Looking at the patterns in which the text (Constitution) is arranged in a hierarchically nested way, the analysis moves on to explore what linguistic features lend specificity to the form of this genre which is constructed in a nontraditional way. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods and offers prototypical instances of lexico-grammatical and syntactic features of the constitutional genre, which included the use of adverbials, nominalization, modal auxiliary verbs, long sentences, adverbial clauses, passivized statements, and conditional sentences. The study looked into how cohesion and coherence were formed in the text using repetitions and synonyms, adverbials, references, definitions, footnotes, interdiscursivity, intertextuality, and intra-textuality. The findings of the study will help ESP teachers to design effective learning interventions and will assist law students, researchers, policy-makers, and parliamentarians to be familiar with the constitutional text for better cognition and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns the use of promotional rhetoric reflected in mission and vision statements of international corporate firms. It mainly used transitivity system in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) to analyse the use of experiential processes in enacting promotional rhetorical moves. Based on hundred international companies' mission and vision statements, we analysed the most recurrent experiential processes associated with each rhetorical move. Because companies aim to establish their social role in the corporate discourse community, they largely focus on promotional agendas. This requires them to write mission statements that define their nature, beliefs, and values. In conclusion, we found that mental and relational process are favoured linguistic practices used by corporate firms to write mission statements that focus on building public image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to trace the history of Tarawara community Tehsil Oghi, district Mansehra in the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. Tarawara. community with 500 speakers of a dying language resides on a remote hilltop village, Dana. Dana is one of the many villages located in Bandi Shungli. The study assumes that marginalization and subsequent loss of a language spoken by an ethnic minority are rooted in socio-cultural and socio-historical contexts. The study has employed the theoretical lens of ethnohistorical perspective to understand the historical traces of substantial marginalization of Tarawara community which led to the present-day language shift and impending language loss of an undocumented language, Mankiyali. Drawing upon Braun and Clarke (2006), the study analyses the ethnographic data in six stages. The study has been an endeavor to understand the embedded themes appearing in interviews, focus groups, and participant observation of this study and to integrate it with the written resources. The ethnographic data and the available literature confirmed that the socio-political and socio-historical backgrounds result in the marginalization of the speakers in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metadiscourse is a recent enterprise of applied linguists through which the text-internal nature of discourse is explored with reference to persuasion, negotiation, and engagement of the writers with their own discourses and the readers too (Hyland, 2005). Metadiscourse, with respect to genre, register, and cultural situatedness, has been the major foci of inquiries till now. However, patterns of interaction situated among different discourse communities of academics through metadiscourse need more attention in general and, in Pakistani context, in particular. Therefore, the current study intends to investigate interactive and interactional metadiscourse in Pakistani research discourses of English, Education, and History. For this purpose, we collected 52 research articles comprising corpus of 231529 words published in research journals recognized by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan. We applied Hyland's framework of metadiscourse for mapping expressions as metadiscursive. For identification of 300 metadiscursive markers proposed by Hyland, a recent corpus tool named MetaPak (Abbas et al. 201b) was used successfully. The study revealed noticeable variation in occurrence and prototypicality of metadiscourse employment in Pakistani research discourses while comparing with other international studies. This variation, consequently, may be considered one of the important factors causing dialogic closure in order to achieve persuasion, negotiation, and engagement of the international gate keepers, reviewers, and readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the genre of websites helps in understanding the minimum requirements expected out of that particular virtual space. The idea of understanding the structure and content of a well-established e-commerce website is particularly important for those who are relatively novice in the field. For this purpose, the current study investigates how a popular Pakistani clothing brand has constructed its website by keeping its potential users in forefront. The theoretical framework comprises of genre-based approaches of Swales (1990) and Bhatia (2014). Moreover, the investigation outlines how genre-based studies help in understanding the meaning-making processes prevalent in the minds of the creators of that genre. The study also compares and contrasts the studied website with other similar websites to provide an overall comprehension of this subgenre in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lexical bundles are word structures which occur together more often than expected. The current study aimed to explore lexical bundles in a corpus of Pakistani doctoral dissertations. For this purpose a corpus was compiled which consisted of three broad disciplines of study; English Studies, Social Science and Biological Science. Every discipline consisted of three different subjects with high number of dissertations as has been listed by HEC (Higher Education Commission) Pakistan. The corpus was analyzed using AntConc 3.4.4w (Windows)2014 and for the structural categorization of lexical bundles, Biber et al's (1999) taxonomy was used as theoretical model which was later modified to more deeply investigate the structure of the lexical bundles. The results show that dissertations written in Pakistan rely heavily on prefabricated chunks of language, but the choice and usage of these chunks, or lexical bundles, varies from subject to subject and discipline to discipline. The difference among the structural categories within disciplines (among different subjects of a discipline) is less compared to the difference among the structural categories of different disciplines. The study shows that English Studies and Social Science corpora use more Prepositional Phrase Fragments and Noun Phrase Fragments whereas Science Corpus use more Verb Phrase Fragments and Prepositional Phrase Fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media discourse has been a major place for the discursive production of subjective realities. The present work is an attempt to find out how print media in Pakistan is constructing the political realities, and how power relations are maintained through which media power influences the political process. This study focuses on reporting practices of Pakistani English newspapers regarding the political speeches of prominent Pakistani political leaders. For this purpose reports from leading English newspapers namely, The News, Dawn, and The Express Tribune have been taken as representative texts for the coverage of the political speeches delivered by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Imran Khan and Bilawal Bhutto Zardari. Critical Discourse Analysis has been taken as a theory and method to study discursively the representation of political discourse in Pakistan. Therefore, some features of macro-structure and schematic structure like mitigation and intensification, overall organization of the texts, selection of quotations, beginning and ending of the media texts and placement of argumentation from van Dijk's Socio-cognitive Model of discourse analysis have been taken to analyze the print media reports. The present study explores a variety of discursive practices in the portrayal of the discourse of Pakistani politicians. Hence, those techniques employed by English print media in Pakistan influence political discourse that results in projecting and/or curtailing the image of the political figures. Consequently, the media discourse plays a critical role, in the overall political process, in shaping the public perception. Moreover, mainstream Pakistani English newspapers, at least those included in this study, construct and shape the political events according to their preferred agendas. As a result, they exercise their power to control and direct the minds of the readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent past, considerable value has been given to pragmatic analysis by numerous linguists to interpret human speech such as Leech (2016), Morini (2016), Steinkrüger (2016) and Martin & Perez (2014). Relevance, an important element of pragmatic inquiry is a universal function of communication. From the Pragmatics viewpoint of relevance, two contributions are worth mentioning; Aristotle's Theory of syllogism and the Gricean maxim of relevance. Aristotle's ideology of logic concentrates on the notion of syllogism: the deduction (Steinkruger, 2015). Grice proposed the principle to probe relevance through his Maxim of relevance in his Cooperative Principle which suggests that speaker should remain relevant to the topic during conversation. This paper attempts to explore the effectiveness of Aristotle's Theory of syllogism and the Gricean maxim of relevance in determining the relevance of discourse in the classroom. The outcomes of the research are based on the data collected through recordings of thirty postgraduate classrooms. The total transcribed data comprised of 126341 words. The study reveals that Gricean maxim of relevance and Aristotle's theory of Syllogism are not pertinent in determining relevance in classroom discourse. Furthermore, this research is an effort to determine relevance in classroom discourse through a model proposed by us, Relative Relevance Model of Communication. Keeping in view the importance of context in pragmatic ideology, this study proposes the idea of direct and relative relevance to determine the relevance of discourse in classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the recent past, considerable value has been given to pragmatic analysis by numerous linguists to interpret human speech such as Leech (2016), Morini (2016), Steinkriiger (2016) and Martin & Perez (2014). Relevance, an important element of pragmatic inquiry is a universal function of communication. From the Pragmatics view point of relevance, two contributions are worth mentioning; Aristotle's Theory' of the syllogism and Gricean maxim of relevance. Aristotle's ideology of logic concentrates on the notion of syllogism: the deduction (Steinkruger, 2015). Grice (1976) proposed the principle to probe relevance through his Maxim of relevance in his Cooperative Principle which suggests that speaker should remain relevant to the topic during conversation. This paper attempts to explore the effectiveness of Aristotle's Theory of the syllogism and Gricean maxim of relevance in determining the relevance in classroom discourse. The findings of the study are based on the data collected through recordings of thirty postgraduate classrooms. The total transcribed data comprised of 126341 words. The study reveals that Gricean maxim of relevance and Aristotle's theory of Syllogism are not pertinent in determining relevance in classroom discourse. Furthermore this research is an effort to determine relevance in classroom discourse by designing a model named as Relative Relevance Model of Communication. Keeping in view the importance of context in pragmatic ideology, this study proposes the idea of direct and relative relevance to determine relevance in classrooms discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language hybridization is a process that results in language shift and change in the actual form of the language used in a non-native setting. It has become a socio-cultural phenomenon (Rasul, 2006) in Pakistan as English has been used in close association with Urdu since 1947. The close association of English and urdu language usage has resulted in a divergent variety of English language in Pakistan. This divergent variety of English is characterized by the excessive use of Urdu terminology in terms of Urdu to English code-switching/mixing, literal translation from Urdu to English, Urdu laon words and Urdu-English hybrid terms. The influence of Urdu language on English has been so intense that even some Urdu words have been embedded in English language reflecting the Anglicization of such lexicology. In this scenario, description of the linguistic characteristics of English language used in Pakistan is the need of the current socio-lingual phenomenon i.e. World Englishes. Thus present paper investigates English - Urdu hybridization at the single word level and highlights its role in the Anglicization of such Urdu words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring academic discourse has become a phenomenal enterprise of discourse analysts (Hyland, 2008 & Wennerstrom, 2006) in general and genre analysts (Shehzad, 2010, 2011; Swales, 1990, 2004, 2012) in particular. Genre analysis of academic genres has not only been contributing to the existing knowledge of genre studies but its augmentation in traditions of English for academic purposes, English for specific purposes, and English for research purposes is a significant addition in (non)Anglophone traditions of English language pedagogies. The current study replicates the tradition in Pakistan by doing genre analysis of section headings of introductory chapters of MPhil theses of Linguistics and Literature. In addition to contributing to the existing body of genre studies, this study would be a significant guide for the novice researchers in Pakistan. Considering its wider applicability in (non)Anglophone traditions and dynamic nature of rhetoric, CARS model of Swales (2004) was applied on the section headings of twenty introductory chapters of the MPhil theses. Variation in length, occurrence of the headings, and relevance of the headings with the text followed was focus of the investigation. It was found that the average length observed was, surprisingly, contrary to the opinion of the experts interviewed who believed in shorter length ranging from 8 to 10 pages. Regarding occurrence of section headings, at micro level analysis, no convention of consistency was observed. Moreover, deviations from CARS model were observed in statement of the problem, methodology, objectives of study, and research questions/hypotheses which raise serious questions on pedagogical implications of the academic writing practice. The findings suggest that teaching genre knowledge to the thesis writers in particular and academic writers in general has the potential to resolve the issues of academic writing for research purposes in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language mixing is a popular phenomenon found in the multilingual scenario of Pakistan. However, scholarly work in this area with reference to advertisements is quite limited. Our paper focuses on the investigation of bilingual language use in advertising through print magazines and attempts to highlight the growing trend of extensive and creative incorporation of English and Urdu in bilingual advertising. We have attempted to find out various recurring patterns of language mixing in the Pakistani advertisements. The language patterns, thus identified, also helped in determining the dominant language in the bilingual advertisements. This study shall help in enhancing understanding of the patterns of English use in the advertisements published in the cotmtries other than inner circle countries such as Pakistan- a society where English, though is the official language of the country, is used as the second language by some and considered as a foreign language by the majority; while Urdu remains the national language and means of day to day communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indirectness is taken as reporting the exact or approximate words of another with such changes as are necessary to bring the original statement into grammatical conformity with the sentence in which it is included. The idea of indirectness in conversational discourse has many facets to exercise the practicability of Gricean theory, as there is a popular belief that women's speech is more indirect than men's speech. However, there has been little empirical evidence to support this claim (Rundquist, 1992). Thus, this paper aims at exploring the relationship between gender and indirectness, focusing on one type of indirectness, what Grice (1975) refers to as flouting the maxims of conversation. Results of this study indicate that there is indirectness in women speech, as there is non-observance of the Gricean maxims, thus providing evidence supporting the theory of indirectness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration of academic discourse of academic genres has been a focus of attention of many scholars (Paltridge, 2015, Basturkmen, 2014, Swales, 2012, 1990; Hyland, 2009; Shehzad, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011; Bhatia, 2006 and Bunton, 2002) for the last twenty years in native and non-native contexts. However, the academic genres produced in Pakistan have not got the attention of scholars yet. Continuing the international tradition of analyzing genre knowledge, the current study aims at the analysis of MPhil theses' introduction chapters in the disciplines of Linguistics and Literature produced in Pakistan by applying the genre theory of Swales (1990). At macro level, genre analysis was conducted to explore the rhetorical organization of the introductory chapters qualitatively and quantitatively by adopting CARS (Create A Research Space) model proposed by Swales (2004). Contrary to other CARS based studies, M3M1, M1M3 and M3M3 were found as dominant move sequences with dominant occurrence of Move 3 (228). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivating the unmotivated has always been a challenge for teachers across the globe. The task is not unachievable. However, when the socio cultural differences arise, imbalanced power relations take place and intrinsic professional obligations compel, the situation becomes quite sensitive and peculiar. This paper presents a case study of a foreign teacher (foreigners called kharjies in Arabic who are hired to work for 'them' hence considered the inferior identities of the 'others') who took the challenge of making an uninterested group of female students read Alice in Wonderland which was not part of their curriculum (rather of higher level of reading) in a Saudi Arabian context where the textbooks are provided free and the government pays a stipend to the students not because they cannot afford but for the sheer reason of motivating them. This project was carried out on entirely personal motivation and to meet the professional challenge raised in a specific context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been numerous theories about the teaching methodologies, ranging from the old time Grammar Translation Method (GTM) to the modern communicative approaches. It is intriguing that the modern theories of learning that emphasize the cognitive aspects of knowledge and its inculcation seem to have their precedents in the Greek masters' pedagogical practices. One cannot fail to notice that, unlike the controlled atmosphere of modern-day classrooms, Socrates used a much more open and fluid methodology to inculcate knowledge in the minds of his pupils. That 'dialogic' imagination not only transferred the existing knowledge but also, in the process, transformed it through the raising of questions and their multiple/possible answers. What are the implications of that method in our era of postmodern uncertainties and cyber-space states of flux? How can we benefit from the Platonic dialogic methods without sounding too ancient or archaic? Is Platonic dialogue still applicable in this 'dot.com' era is the question which will be addressed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just like scaffolding for any building structure which involves robust connections of various frames and planks by bolts and couplers, the concept of genre provides a framework around which the academicians build their artwork. Create A Research Space Model (CARS) (Swales & Feak 2004) has been discussed by many scholars as a reference framework for writing research papers. Such scholarly endeavors include Computer Science (CS) research papers also but they lack in the provision of a holistic picture. This paper is an attempt to explore various rhetorical and linguistic patterns of this genre with the help of the data retrieved through corpus based techniques so that the missing as well as the isolated elements of the jigsaw could be fixed The discussions are expanded and the CARS model is emended for the characterization of writing Introduction of research article in the field of CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogical implications of rhetorical conventions of academic discourse include many areas to be addressed especially for writing the introduction of a research article. One of these is genre awareness followed by a recommendation for an interdisciplinary approach to be adopted by ESP/EAP textbook writers. Corpus-based pedagogy can provide innovative ways to deal with language, relieves the teacher of the fallacy of being the 'knower' and leads students to self- empowerment. The present study deals with the implications of corpus informed knowledge in ESP/EAP teaching by giving a detailed account of the linguistic patterns emerging from a computer science corpus along with pedagogical notes for academic writing including some sample exercises and activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iberica is the property of Asociacion Europea de Lenguas para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Where corpus linguistics has offered new perspectives on linguistic analyses, it has provided a myriad of opportunities to academic discourse analysts also. Much work has been done on the academic (MICASE) and scientific discourse (Atkinson, 1993; Cooper, 1985; Peng 1987; Swales and Najjar, 1987; Thompson, 1993). With the advent of the computer revolution, information technology continues to steamroll into our lives. In this information society a few linguists have paid scholarly attention to the discourse of computer science (CS) (Anthony 1999, 2000, 2001 and Pestiguillo 1999). This paper discusses the patterns of the ending of the introductions to research articles in CS based on the structures of introductions presented by Swales (forthcoming) and Lewin et. al. (2001) with a special focus on outlining the structure of the text of a CS research article A corpus of authentic academic texts of 56 research articles published during 2003 in five different journals of IEEE was analyzed using Wordsmith tools The study reveals that the need for this metadiscourse of outlining the structure of the paper in the CS introductions arises because of the variable number of the sections, ranging from 4-11, and follows a variable order according to the technical needs of the paper. The use of the word SECTION, found throughout the corpus, is discussed with reference to the lack of structural variation in Computer Science research papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]