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1. Androgen-mediated maternal effects and trade-offs: postnatal hormone development, growth, and survivorship in wild meerkats.

Author

Davies, Charli S., Shearer, Caroline L., Greene, Lydia K., Mitchell, Jessica, Walsh, Debbie, Goerlich, Vivian C., Clutton-Brock, Tim H., and Drea, Christine M.

Subjects
MEERKAT, STEROID hormones, SEX differentiation (Embryology), DOMESTIC animals, PRENATAL exposure, PUBERTY, WEIGHT gain
Abstract

Introduction: Mammalian reproductive and somatic development is regulated by steroid hormones, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Based largely on information from humans, model organisms, and domesticated animals, testosterone (T) and the GH/IGF-1 system activate sexually differentiated development, promoting male-biased growth, often at a cost to health and survivorship. To test if augmented prenatal androgen exposure in females produces similar developmental patterns and trade-offs, we examine maternal effects in wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta), a non-model species in which adult females naturally, albeit differentially by status, express exceptionally high androgen concentrations, particularly during pregnancy. In this cooperative breeder, the early growth of daughters predicts future breeding status and reproductive success. Methods: We examine effects of normative and experimentally induced variation in maternal androgens on the ontogenetic patterns in offspring reproductive hormones (androstenedione, A4; T; estradiol, E2), IGF-1, growth from pup emergence at 1 month to puberty at 1 year, and survivorship. Specifically, we compare the male and female offspring of dominant control (DC or high-T), subordinate control (SC or lower-T), and dominant treated (DT or blocked-T) dams, the latter having experienced antiandrogen treatment in late gestation. Results: Meerkat offspring showed sex differences in absolute T and IGF-1 concentrations, developmental rates of A4 and E2 expression, and survivorship -- effects that were sometimes socially or environmentally modulated. Atypical for mammals were the early male bias in T that disappeared by puberty, the absence of sex differences in A4 and E2, and the female bias in IGF-1. Food availability was linked to steroid concentrations in females and to IGF-1, potentially growth, and survival in both sexes. Maternal treatment significantly affected rates of T, E2, and IGF-1 expression, and weight, with marginal effects on survivorship; offspring of DT dams showed peak IGF-1 concentrations and the best survivorship. Discussion: Maternal effects thus impact offspring development in meerkats, with associated trade-offs: Whereas prenatal androgens modify postnatal reproductive and somatic physiology, benefits associated with enhanced competitiveness in DC lineages may have initial costs of reduced IGF-1, delay in weight gain, and decreased survivorship. These novel data further confirm the different evolutionary and mechanistic pathways to cooperative breeding and call for greater consideration of natural endocrine variation in both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Same data, different analysts: variation in effect sizes due to analytical decisions in ecology and evolutionary biology

Author

Gould, Elliot, primary, Fraser, Hannah, additional, Parker, Timothy, additional, Nakagawa, Shinichi, additional, Griffith, Simon, additional, Vesk, Peter, additional, Fidler, Fiona, additional, Abbey-Lee, Robin, additional, Abbott, Jessica, additional, Aguirre, Luis, additional, Alcaraz, Carles, additional, Altschul, Drew, additional, Arekar, Kunal, additional, Atkins, Jeff, additional, Atkinson, Joe, additional, Barrett, Meghan, additional, Bell, Kristian, additional, Bello, Suleiman, additional, Berauer, Bernd, additional, Bertram, Michael, additional, Billman, Peter, additional, Blake, Charlie, additional, Blake, Shannon, additional, Bliard, Louis, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Bonnet, Timothée, additional, Bordes, Camille, additional, Bose, Aneesh, additional, Botterill-James, Thomas, additional, Boyd, Melissa, additional, Boyle, Sarah, additional, Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom, additional, Brand, Jack, additional, Brengdahl, Martin, additional, Bulla, Martin, additional, Bussière, Luc, additional, Camerlenghi, Ettore, additional, Campbell, Sara, additional, Campos, Leonardo, additional, Caravaggi, Anthony, additional, Cardoso, Pedro, additional, Carroll, Charles, additional, Catanach, Therese, additional, Chen, Xuan, additional, Chik, Heung Ying Janet, additional, Choy, Emily, additional, Christie, Alec, additional, Chuang, Angela, additional, Chunco, Amanda, additional, Clark, Bethany, additional, Cox, Murray, additional, Cressman, Kimberly, additional, Crouch, Connor, additional, D'Amelio, Pietro, additional, de Sousa, Alexandra, additional, Döbert, Timm, additional, Dobler, Ralph, additional, Dobson, Adam, additional, Doherty, Tim, additional, Drobniak, Szymon, additional, Duffy, Alexandra, additional, Dunn, Robert, additional, Dunning, Jamie, additional, Eberhart-Hertel, Luke, additional, Elmore, Jared, additional, Elsherif, Mahmoud, additional, English, Holly, additional, Ensminger, David, additional, Ernst, Ulrich, additional, Ferguson, Stephen, additional, Ferreira-Arruda, Thalita, additional, Fieberg, John, additional, Finch, Elizabeth, additional, Fiorenza, Evan, additional, Fisher, David, additional, Forstmeier, Wolfgang, additional, Fourcade, Yoan, additional, Francesca Santostefano, Francesca, additional, Frank, Graham, additional, Freund, Cathryn, additional, Gandy, Sara, additional, Gannon, Dustin, additional, García-Cervigón, Ana, additional, Géron, Charly, additional, Gilles, Marc, additional, Girndt, Antje, additional, Gliksman, Daniel, additional, Goldspiel, Harrison, additional, Gomes, Dylan, additional, Goslee, Sarah, additional, Gosnell, J., additional, Gratton, Paolo, additional, Grebe, Nicholas, additional, Greenler, Skye, additional, Griffith, Daniel, additional, Griffith, Frances, additional, Grossman, Jake, additional, Güncan, Ali, additional, Haesen, Stef, additional, Hagan, James, additional, Harrison, Natasha, additional, Hasnain, Sarah, additional, Havird, Justin, additional, Heaton, Andrew, additional, Hsu, Bin-Yan, additional, Iranzo, Esperanza, additional, Iverson, Erik, additional, Jimoh, Saheed, additional, Johnson, Douglas, additional, Johnsson, Martin, additional, Jorna, Jesse, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Jung, Martin, additional, Kačergytė, Ineta, additional, Ke, Alison, additional, Kelly, Clint, additional, Keogan, Katharine, additional, Keppeler, Friedrich, additional, Killion, Alexander, additional, Kim, Dongmin, additional, Kochan, David, additional, Korsten, Peter, additional, Kothari, Shan, additional, Kuppler, Jonas, additional, Kusch, Jillian, additional, Lagisz, Malgorzata, additional, Larkin, Daniel, additional, Larson, Courtney, additional, Lauck, Katherine, additional, Lauterbur, M., additional, Law, Alan, additional, Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, additional, Lievens, Eva, additional, Lima, Daniela, additional, Lindsay, Shane, additional, Macphie, Kirsty, additional, Mair, Magdalena, additional, Malm, Lisa, additional, Mammola, Stefano, additional, Manhart, Michael, additional, Mäntylä, Elina, additional, Marchand, Philippe, additional, Marshall, Benjamin, additional, Martin, Dominic, additional, Martin, Jake, additional, Martin, Charles, additional, Martinig, April, additional, McCallum, Erin, additional, McNew, Sabrina, additional, Meiners, Scott, additional, Michelangeli, Marcus, additional, Moiron, Maria, additional, Moreira, Bruno, additional, Mortensen, Jennifer, additional, Mos, Benjamin, additional, Muraina, Taofeek, additional, Nelli, Luca, additional, Nilsonne, Gustav, additional, Nolazco, Sergio, additional, Nooten, Sabine, additional, Novotny, Jessie, additional, Olin, Agnes, additional, Organ, Chris, additional, Ostevik, Kate, additional, Palacio, Facundo, additional, Paquet, Matthieu, additional, Pascall, David, additional, Pasquarella, Valerie, additional, Payo-Payo, Ana, additional, Pedersen, Karen, additional, Perez, Grégoire, additional, Perry, Kayla, additional, Pottier, Patrice, additional, Proulx, Michael, additional, Proulx, Raphaël, additional, Pruett, Jessica, additional, Ramananjato, Veronarindra, additional, Randimbiarison, Finaritra, additional, Razafindratsima, Onja, additional, Rennison, Diana, additional, Riva, Federico, additional, Riyahi, Sepand, additional, Roast, Michael, additional, Rocha, Felipe, additional, Roche, Dominique, additional, Román-Palacios, Cristian, additional, Rosenberg, Michael, additional, Ross, Jessica, additional, Rowland, Freya, additional, Rugemalila, Deusdedith, additional, Russell, Avery, additional, Ruuskanen, Suvi, additional, Saccone, Patrick, additional, Sadeh, Asaf, additional, Salazar, Stephen, additional, sales, kris, additional, Salmón, Pablo, additional, Sanchez-Tojar, Alfredo, additional, Santos, Leticia, additional, Schilling, Hayden, additional, Schmidt, Marcus, additional, Schmoll, Tim, additional, Schneider, Adam, additional, Schrock, Allie, additional, Schroeder, Julia, additional, Schtickzelle, Nicolas, additional, Schultz, Nick, additional, Scott, Drew, additional, Shapiro, Julie, additional, Sharma, Nitika, additional, Shearer, Caroline, additional, Sitvarin, Michael, additional, Skupien, Fabrício, additional, Slinn, Heather, additional, Smith, Jeremy, additional, Smith, Grania, additional, Sollmann, Rahel, additional, Stack Whitney, Kaitlin, additional, Still, Shannon, additional, Stuber, Erica, additional, Sutton, Guy, additional, Swallow, Ben, additional, Taff, Conor, additional, Takola, Elina, additional, Tanentzap, Andrew, additional, Thawley, Christopher, additional, Tortorelli, Claire, additional, Trlica, Andrew, additional, Turnell, Biz, additional, Urban, Lara, additional, Van de Vondel, Stijn, additional, van Oordt, Francis, additional, Vanderwel, Mark, additional, Vanderwel, K., additional, Vanderwolf, Karen, additional, Verrelli, Brian, additional, Vieira, Marcus, additional, Vollering, Julien, additional, Walker, Xanthe, additional, Walter, Jonathan, additional, Waryszak, Pawel, additional, Weaver, Ryan, additional, Weller, Daniel, additional, Whelan, Shannon, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Wolfson, David, additional, Wood, Andrew, additional, Yanco, Scott, additional, Yen, Jian, additional, Youngflesh, Casey, additional, Zilio, Giacomo, additional, Zimmer, Cédric, additional, Zitomer, Rachel, additional, Villamil, Nora, additional, and Tompkins, Emily, additional

Published
2023
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4. Student voices : a study of the transfer, early experiences and inclusion of students in a further education college involving students as co-researchers

Author

Shearer, Caroline

Subjects
374
Abstract

This study is concerned with the transfer and early experiences of a group of students at a Further Education College. They are a specific group of post sixteen students in their first year at college, who are studying on a bridging course and have left school with insufficient formal qualifications to transfer directly to a mainstream course, or need to develop life and social skills. The study seeks to identify sources of help which the students drew on in making the choice to come to college, and what they hope to gain from attendance. Initial perceptions about the teaching and support they are receiving at college are explored. In addition, investigation into differences between school and college is undertaken. A further area of enquiry was to find out if the label of special educational needs was meaningful to this group of students. The study also investigates whether the students felt positive about their early experiences of college life. Most of these areas of enquiry feed into the picture of inclusion in the college which was an important theme of the study. It seemed fundamental to try to find out if the operation of the course promoted inclusion within the college. The interviews took place at two points in time; in the autumn term and again in the summer so that changes over time could also be explored. In both interviews students expressed very positive views of life in college, particularly in relation to experiences in school. In college, the students felt respected, valued and secure. Their main source of help in choosing college proved to be their parents. Responses to discussion of the special needs label were varied with more negative than expected views emerging. In terms of the main theory of concerns about inclusion, the material is fascinating. It became apparent that the students felt included and safe within the parameters of their bridging course, and even at times over-protected. Clearly, however, there are issues about their inclusion in college in the widest sense. The epistemological position taken is a social constructivist and phenomenological one as the study explores life at college as these students comprehend it to be, taking into account their different experiences, perceptions and beliefs. The methodology is largely based on a grounded theory approach both in terms of the design and analysis, and adopts a case study approach. A distinctive and unusual feature of this study is the use of student co-researchers who were in their second year at college. Details of their role and involvement will be discussed in some detail.

Published
2005

5. The Evolution of primate short-term memory

Author

ManyPrimates, null, Aguenounon, Géraud, Allritz, Matthias, Altschul, Drew, Ballesta, Sébastien, Beaud, Alice, Bohn, Manuel, Bornbusch, Sally, Brandão, Angela, Brooks, James, Bugnyar, Thomas, Burkart, J. M., Bustamante, Lía, Call, Josep, Canteloup, Charlotte, Cao, Chuangshi, Caspar, Kai Robert, da Silva, Diana, de Sousa, Alexandra, DeTroy, Sarah, Duguid, Shona, Eppley, Timothy, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Julia, Gong, Chi, Grange, James, Grebe, Nicholas, Hanus, Daniel, Haun, Daniel, Haux, Lou, Héjja-Brichard, Yseult, Helman, Annabella, Hernadi, Istvan, Hernandez-Aguilar, R. Adriana, Herrmann, Esther, Hopper, Lydia, Howard, Lauren, Huang, Lei, Huskisson, Sarah, Jacobs, Ivo, Jin, Zhiyong, Joly, Marine, Kano, Fumihiro, Keupp, Stefanie, Kiefer, Evelin, Knakker, Balázs, Kóczán, Katalin, Kraus, Larissa, Kwok, Sze Chai, Lefrançois, Marie, Lewis, Laura, Liu, Siyi, Llorente, Miquel, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth, Loyant, Louise, Majecka, Katarzyna, Maurits, Luke, Meunier, Hélène, Mobili, Flávia, Morino, Luca, Motes-Rodrigo, Alba, Nijman, Vincent, Ihomi, Caroline, Persson, Tomas, Pietraszewski, Dariusz, Reátiga Parrish, Juan, Roig, Anthony, Sánchez-Amaro, Alejandro, Sato, Yutaro, Sauciuc, Gabriela-Alina, Schrock, Allie, Schweinfurth, Manon, Seed, Amanda, Shearer, Caroline, Šlipogor, Vedrana, Su, Yanjie, Sutherland, Kirsten, Tan, Jingzhi, Taylor, Derry, Troisi, Camille, Völter, Christoph, Warren, Elizabeth, Watzek, Julia, Zablocki-Thomas, Pauline, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and University of St Andrews. ‘Living Links to Human Evolution’ Research Centre

Subjects
MCC, Phylogenetic analysis, BF Psychology, phylogenetic analysis, Psicologia de la cognició, BF, DAS, Cognition in animals, Memòria immediata, General Medicine, cognitive evolution, Primates -- Behavior, Primate cognition, primate cognition, Primats -- Hàbits i conducta, Cognitive psychology, Cognició en els animals, Cognitive evolution, Short-term memory
Abstract

* Correspondence should be addressed to Manuel Bohn (manyprimates@gmai l.com). Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities. Publisher PDF

Published
2022

8. Candy Coburn - "31derful.".

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

The article features Candy Coburn, a singer known for hard-playing, energetic performances. Her newly released album is called "Rev It Up." She is a Kentucky native who spent many summers in Texas. She credits the late George McCorkle of the Marshall Tucker Band for helping her career, and she sings his hit, "Fire on the Mountain," on her album.

Published
2007

9. DAN CRUMP: TRUTH IS….

Author

Shearer, Caroline

Abstract

The article features singer and songwriter Dan Crump, a native of Lubbock, Texas. Crump considers himself a late bloomer in the music business. He started playing guitar before he began writing music. At first he thought he had to master guitar before writing music, but then he learned that he have got to just start. He talks about the re-release of his album, "Truth Is."

Published
2007

10. Trent Summar and The New Row Mob.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

The article features Trent Summar and his latest release "Horseshoes & Hand Grenades" with his band the New Row Mob. Summar categorized his music as farm rock or smash rock country. He wrote his favorite track in the album called "Really Never Loved Her Anyway" with friend Jay Knowles. The schedule and the venues included in Summar and the New Row Mob's concert tour in Texas are outlined.

Published
2007

11. SUNNY SWEENEY ON CLOUD NINE.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

The article features country singer Sunny Sweeney in Austin, Texas. She said she feels like she won the lottery with her partnership with Nashville-based record label Big Machine Records. For her, the ultimate country musicians are Merle Haggard and Loretta Lynn because they both write their songs and are not scared to sing other people's songs. Sweeney thinks the wonderful thing about country music is all different ages can like and respect it.

Published
2007

12. LANTANA: Crashing the Party.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

The article features a group of Texan women singers called Lantana. The band made a conscious decision to work with as many Texan artists as they could. Their album "Unbridled" was recorded in San Antonio at BGM Studios with producer Bill Green and session musicians in the state. Biz Haddock, one of the band's members, would like to see more women involved in the region's music scene.

Published
2006

13. MICKY aND THe MOTOrCars.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

The article focuses on the scheduled appearance of the band Micky and the Motorcars at the 2006 ZiegenBock Festival in Texas. A description of the band's first performance at the 2005 music festival is offered. The band's members are cited including Gary Braun and Joseph Deeb. The views of band members on playing at such venues are presented.

Published
2006

14. CrOSS CaNaDIaN raGWeeD.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

The article focuses on the first-ever appearance of the band Cross Canadian Ragweed at the ZiegenBock Festival in Texas in 2006. The members of the band are cited including Cody Canada and Grady Cross. At the festival, the band plans to play some of the songs they have been working on lately. Cody remarks on the band's new live CD and DVD coming out on October 31, 2006.

Published
2006

15. Buster Jiggs Bold. Independent. Original.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

Features the Texas-based country, soul and rock band Buster Jiggs. Members of the band; Description of the group's music by member Kristin Muennink; How the members with independent personalities work together so well; Origin of the group's name.

Published
2006

16. Sharing His Gift.

Author

Shearer, Caroline A.

Abstract

Focuses on the music release "More Like Me," by Kyle Hutton. Significance of the album to Hutton; Factors that contributed to the creation of the album; Effect of the decision of Hutton to switch to music on his life.

Published
2006

17. An intergenerational androgenic mechanism of female intrasexual competition in the cooperatively breeding meerkat

Author

Christine M. Drea, Charli S. Davies, Lydia K. Greene, Jessica Mitchell, Dimitri V. Blondel, Caroline L. Shearer, Joseph T. Feldblum, Kristin A. Dimac-Stohl, Kendra N. Smyth-Kabay, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Drea, Christine M [0000-0002-3750-3344], Davies, Charli S [0000-0001-9030-7820], Greene, Lydia K [0000-0002-7693-8826], Shearer, Caroline L [0000-0001-7886-9302], Feldblum, Joseph T [0000-0002-7515-4632], Clutton-Brock, Tim H [0000-0001-8110-8969], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Clutton-Brock, Timothy [0000-0001-8110-8969]

Subjects
Male, Competitive Behavior, Herpestidae, Behavioural ecology, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Reproductive biology, Animals, Wild, Breeding, urologic and male genital diseases, 13, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Feces, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Pregnancy, 631/443/494, Animals, Cooperative Behavior, Multidisciplinary, fungi, Parturition, Androgen Antagonists, General Chemistry, Flutamide, 631/158/856, Aggression, Animals, Newborn, Androgens, Female
Abstract

Female intrasexual competition can be intense in cooperatively breeding species, with some dominant breeders (matriarchs) limiting reproduction in subordinates via aggression, eviction or infanticide. In males, such tendencies bidirectionally link to testosterone, but in females, there has been little systematic investigation of androgen-mediated behaviour within and across generations. In 22 clans of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta), we show that matriarchs 1) express peak androgen concentrations during late gestation, 2) when displaying peak feeding competition, dominance behaviour, and evictions, and 3) relative to subordinates, produce offspring that are more aggressive in early development. Late-gestation antiandrogen treatment of matriarchs 4) specifically reduces dominance behaviour, is associated with infrequent evictions, decreases social centrality within the clan, 5) increases aggression in cohabiting subordinate dams, and 6) reduces offspring aggression. These effects implicate androgen-mediated aggression in the operation of female sexual selection, and intergenerational transmission of masculinised phenotypes in the evolution of meerkat cooperative breeding., ‘In some mammals, matriarchal status can be conferred with androgens. Here, the authors identify effects of androgens that implicate androgen-mediated aggression in female sexual selection in meerkats and intergenerational transmission of masculinised phenotypes in the evolution of meerkat cooperative breeding.’

Published
2020

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