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Weedy species with wide geographical distributions may face strong selection to adapt to new environments, which can lead to adaptive genetic differentiation among populations. However, genetic drift, particularly due to founder effects, will also commonly result in differentiation in colonizing species. To test whether selection has contributed to trait divergence, we compared differentiation at eight microsatellite loci (measured as [F.sub.ST]) to differentiation of quantitative floral and phenological traits (measured as [Q.sub.ST]) of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) across populations from three continents. We sampled eight populations: seven naturalized populations and one from its native range. By comparing estimates of [Q.sub.ST] and [F.sub.ST], we found that petal size was the only floral trait that may have diverged more than expected due to drift alone, but inflorescence height, flowering time, and rosette formation have greatly diverged between the native and normative populations. Our results suggest the loss of a rosette and the evolution of early flowering time may have been the key adaptations enabling wild radish to become a major agricultural weed. Floral adaptation to different pollinators does not seem to have been as necessary for the success of wild radish in new environments.

'schame' im Alt- und Mittelhochdeutschen his um 1210: Eine sprach- und literaturge-schichtliche Untersuchung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Herausbildung einer ethischen Bedeutung. By DAVID N. YEANDLE. (Beitrage zur alteren Literaturgeschichte) Heidelberg: [...]

Blutezeit. Festschrift fur L. Peter Johnson zum 70. Geburtstag. Ed. by MARK CHINCA, JOACHIM HEINZLE, and CHRISTOPHER YOUNG. Tubingen: Niemeyer. 2000. ix + 488 pp. + 2 illustrations. DM 196. [...]

Quantitative genetic analyses have become an integral part of efforts to understand the evolutionary processes responsible for observed changes in phenotypes. One application of quantitative genetics to evolution has been [...]

Analysis of the electrostatic influences on the reactions of lobster hepatopanceras metallothioneins (MT) with two electrophilic disulfides showed biphasical reactions of ESSE and metallothioneins with 2,2' -dithiodipyridine. This reaction finds important applications for the biphasic reactions of mammalian matallothioneins. In the reaction, neutral disulfide PySSPy is seen to react more rapidly. The electrostatic influence on the reaction is discussed.

Field experiment using a genetic design helps determine the genetic variability of the annual plant Nemophila menziesii in five biotic regimes of different plant density and composition. Field data support the existence of additive genetic tradeoffs between intraspecific and interspecific competitive performance. These experiments suggest methodological problems as the reasons for the failure of previous experiments to observe a genetically based tradeoff between performance in various biotic regimes.

31P NMR titrations of bovine serum albumin with Et3PAuCl were undertaken to study the characteristics of the putative mu-thiolato species. The upfield shift at 35.6 ppm was indicative of the presence of Cys-34 since this was unaccompanied by resonances of both AlbSAuPEt3 and AlbS(AuPET3)2(super 2+). Furthermore, (Et3P)2Au(super 1+) may have been formed from the displacement of Et3P from gold and subsequent extraction of a second Et3PAu(super 1+) from a different location.

Homo Viator, Katabasis and Landscapes: A Comparison of Wolfram von Eschenbach's 'Parzival' and Heinrich von dem Turlin's 'Diu Crone'. By GARY C. SHOCKEY. (Goppinger Arbeitenzur Germanistik, 674) Goppingen: Kummerle. 2002. [...]

Uberall ist Mittelalter. Von der Gegenwart einer vergangenen Zeit. By HORST FUHRMANN. Munchen: Beck. 1996. 328 pp. DM 48. This is either a difficult book to review or a very [...]

Presents a discussion of the legal context of evaluation systems upon which merit pay programs are based. Following the discussion of the law, a model merit pay program is presented. (MLF)

Describes problems in the identification portion of programs for the gifted, in defining giftedness, and in selecting the means of identification, and justifying program content. Focuses on interest-based identification in the context of the law in order to eliminate discrimination against low SES students. (KH)