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1. A myeloid program associated with COVID-19 severity is decreased by therapeutic blockade of IL-6 signaling

Author

Hackney, Jason A, Shivram, Haridha, Vander Heiden, Jason, Overall, Chris, Orozco, Luz, Gao, Xia, Kim, Eugene, West, Nathan, Qamra, Aditi, Chang, Diana, Chakrabarti, Arindam, Choy, David F, Combes, Alexis J, Courau, Tristan, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Rao, Arjun Arkal, Ray, Arja, Tsui, Jessica, Hu, Kenneth, Kuhn, Nicholas F, Krummel, Matthew F, Erle, David J, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Sarma, Aartik, Lyon, Zoe, Calfee, Carolyn S, Woodruff, Prescott G, Ghale, Rajani, Mick, Eran, Byrne, Ashley, Zha, Beth Shoshana, Langelier, Charles, Hendrickson, Carolyn M, van der Wijst, Monique GP, Hartoularos, George C, Grant, Tianna, Bueno, Raymund, Lee, David S, Greenland, John R, Sun, Yang, Perez, Richard, Ogorodnikov, Anton, Ward, Alyssa, Ye, Chun Jimmie, Consortium, UCSF COMET, Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Adkisson, Michael, Ansel, K Mark, Asthana, Saurabh, Beagle, Alexander, Bhide, Sharvari, Cai, Cathy, Caldera, Saharai, Calvo, Maria, Carrillo, Sidney A, Chak, Suzanna, Christenson, Stephanie, Collins, Zachary, Darmanis, Spyros, Detweiler, Angela, DeVoe, Catherine, Eckalbar, Walter, Giberson, Jeremy, Gonzalez, Ana, Gordon, Gracie, Serpa, Paula Hayakawa, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jones, Chayse, Ke, Serena, Kushnoor, Divya, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, Liu, Yale, Mahboob, Salman, Maliskova, Lenka, Matthay, Michael, McCarthy, Elizabeth, Muñoz-Sandoval, Priscila, Neff, Norma, Nguyen, Viet, Nigam, Nishita, Parada, Randy, Phelps, Maira, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya, Rashid, Sadeed, Reeder, Gabriella, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Samad, Bushra, Schroeder, Andrew, Shaw, Cole, Shen, Alan, Sigman, Austin, Sinha, Pratik, Spitzer, Matthew, Sunshine, Sara, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz Torres, and Tsitsiklis, Alexandra

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Rare Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Lung, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Coronaviruses, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, UCSF COMET Consortium, Clinical genetics, Immune response, Molecular medicine
Abstract

Altered myeloid inflammation and lymphopenia are hallmarks of severe infections. We identified the upregulated EN-RAGE gene program in airway and blood myeloid cells from patients with acute lung injury from SARS-CoV-2 or other causes across 7 cohorts. This program was associated with greater clinical severity and predicted future mechanical ventilation and death. EN-RAGEhi myeloid cells express features consistent with suppressor cell functionality, including low HLA-DR and high PD-L1. Sustained EN-RAGE program expression in airway and blood myeloid cells correlated with clinical severity and increasing expression of T cell dysfunction markers. IL-6 upregulated many EN-RAGE program genes in monocytes in vitro. IL-6 signaling blockade by tocilizumab in a placebo-controlled clinical trial led to rapid normalization of EN-RAGE and T cell gene expression. This identifies IL-6 as a key driver of myeloid dysregulation associated with worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and provides insights into shared pathophysiological mechanisms in non-COVID-19 ARDS.

Published
2023

2. Mass cytometry reveals a conserved immune trajectory of recovery in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Author

Burnett, Cassandra E, Okholm, Trine Line Hauge, Tenvooren, Iliana, Marquez, Diana M, Tamaki, Stanley, Sandoval, Priscila Munoz, Willmore, Andrew, Consortium, The UCSF COMET, Patel, Ravi, Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Asthana, Saurabh, Beagle, Alexander, Bhide, Sharvari, Cai, Cathy, Calvo, Maria, Carrillo, Sidney A, Chak, Suzanna, Collins, Zachary, Darmanis, Spyros, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Ghale, Rajani, Giberson, Jeremy, Glenn, Pat, Gonzalez, Ana, Hiam-Galvez, Kamir, Jauregui, Alejandra, Ke, Serena, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Lota, Raphael, Lupin-Jimenez, Leonard, Nguyen, Viet, Nigam, Nishita, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya, Rao, Arjun, Rashid, Sadeed, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Samad, Bushra, Shaw, Cole, Sigman, Austin, Sinha, Pratik, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz Torres, Tumurbaatar, Erden, Upadhyay, Vaibhav, Ward, Alyssa, Wong, Kristine, Ye, Chun Jimmie, Yee, Kimberly, Zhou, Mingyue, Hendrickson, Carolyn M, Kangelaris, Kirsten N, Langelier, Charles R, Krummel, Matthew F, Woodruff, Prescott G, Calfee, Carolyn S, Erle, David J, Ansel, K Mark, and Spitzer, Matthew H

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Pneumonia & Influenza, Pneumonia, Clinical Research, Lung, Infectious Diseases, Hematology, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Disease Progression, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, UCSF COMET Consortium, disease resolution, immune cell signaling, immune response, recovery
Abstract

While studies have elucidated many pathophysiological elements of COVID-19, little is known about immunological changes during COVID-19 resolution. We analyzed immune cells and phosphorylated signaling states at single-cell resolution from longitudinal blood samples of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, pneumonia and/or sepsis, and healthy individuals by mass cytometry. COVID-19 patients showed distinct immune compositions and an early, coordinated, and elevated immune cell signaling profile associated with early hospital discharge. Intra-patient longitudinal analysis revealed changes in myeloid and T cell frequencies and a reduction in immune cell signaling across cell types that accompanied disease resolution and discharge. These changes, together with increases in regulatory T cells and reduced signaling in basophils, also accompanied recovery from respiratory failure and were associated with better outcomes at time of admission. Therefore, although patients have heterogeneous immunological baselines and highly variable disease courses, a core immunological trajectory exists that defines recovery from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Published
2022

3. Discovering dominant tumor immune archetypes in a pan-cancer census

Author

Combes, Alexis J, Samad, Bushra, Tsui, Jessica, Chew, Nayvin W, Yan, Peter, Reeder, Gabriella C, Kushnoor, Divyashree, Shen, Alan, Davidson, Brittany, Barczak, Andrea J, Adkisson, Michael, Edwards, Austin, Naser, Mohammad, Barry, Kevin C, Courau, Tristan, Hammoudi, Taymour, Argüello, Rafael J, Rao, Arjun Arkal, Olshen, Adam B, Consortium, The Immunoprofiler, Spitzer, Matthew, Fong, Lawrence, Nelson, Amanda, Kumar, Raj, Lee, Justin, Burra, Arun, Hsu, Joy, Hackett, Caroline, Tolentino, Karen, Sjarif, Jasmine, Johnson, Peter, Shao, Evans, Abrau, Darrell, Lupin, Leonard, Shaw, Cole, Collins, Zachary, Lea, Tasha, Corvera, Carlos, Nakakura, Eric, Carnevale, Julia, Alvarado, Michael, Loo, Kimberley, Chen, Lawrence, Chow, Melissa, Grandis, Jennifer, Ryan, Will, El-Sayed, Ivan, Jablons, David, Woodard, Gavitt, Meng, Maxwell W, Porten, Sima P, Okada, Hideho, Tempero, Margaret, Ko, Andrew, Kirkwood, Kim, Vandenberg, Scott, Guevarra, Denise, Oropeza, Erica, Cyr, Chris, Glenn, Pat, Bolen, Jennifer, Morton, Amanda, Eckalbar, Walter, Cai, Cathy, Zhan, Jenny, Davis, Katelyn C, Kelley, Robin K, Chapman, Jocelyn S, Atreya, Chloe E, Patel, Amar, Daud, Adil I, Ha, Patrick, Diaz, Aaron A, Kratz, Johannes R, Collisson, Eric A, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Erle, David J, Boissonnas, Alexandre, Asthana, Saurabh, Chan, Vincent, and Krummel, Matthew F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Cancer Genomics, Cancer, Genetics, Human Genome, Biomarkers, Tumor, Censuses, Cluster Analysis, Cohort Studies, Computational Biology, Flow Cytometry, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Neoplasms, RNA-Seq, San Francisco, Transcriptome, Tumor Microenvironment, Universities, Immunoprofiler Consortium, Pan Cancer analysis, immune profiling, solid tumor microenvironement, system immunology, tumor immunology, unsupervised clustering, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Cancers display significant heterogeneity with respect to tissue of origin, driver mutations, and other features of the surrounding tissue. It is likely that individual tumors engage common patterns of the immune system-here "archetypes"-creating prototypical non-destructive tumor immune microenvironments (TMEs) and modulating tumor-targeting. To discover the dominant immune system archetypes, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Immunoprofiler Initiative (IPI) processed 364 individual tumors across 12 cancer types using standardized protocols. Computational clustering of flow cytometry and transcriptomic data obtained from cell sub-compartments uncovered dominant patterns of immune composition across cancers. These archetypes were profound insofar as they also differentiated tumors based upon unique immune and tumor gene-expression patterns. They also partitioned well-established classifications of tumor biology. The IPI resource provides a template for understanding cancer immunity as a collection of dominant patterns of immune organization and provides a rational path forward to learn how to modulate these to improve therapy.

Published
2022

4. Type I interferon autoantibodies are associated with systemic immune alterations in patients with COVID-19

Author

van der Wijst, Monique GP, Vazquez, Sara E, Hartoularos, George C, Bastard, Paul, Grant, Tianna, Bueno, Raymund, Lee, David S, Greenland, John R, Sun, Yang, Perez, Richard, Ogorodnikov, Anton, Ward, Alyssa, Mann, Sabrina A, Lynch, Kara L, Yun, Cassandra, Havlir, Diane V, Chamie, Gabriel, Marquez, Carina, Greenhouse, Bryan, Lionakis, Michail S, Norris, Philip J, Dumont, Larry J, Kelly, Kathleen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Qian, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Whatley, Alexander, Si, Yichen, Byrne, Ashley, Combes, Alexis J, Rao, Arjun Arkal, Song, Yun S, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Calfee, Carolyn S, Erle, David J, Hendrickson, Carolyn, Krummel, Matthew F, Woodruff, Prescott G, Langelier, Charles R, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Derisi, Joseph L, Anderson, Mark S, Ye, Chun Jimmie, consortium, on behalf of the UCSF COMET, Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Alvarenga, Bonny, Asthana, Saurabh, Beagle, Alexander, Bhakta, Tanvi, Bhide, Sharvari, Cai, Cathy, Calvo, Maria, Carrillo, Sidney A, Chak, Suzanna, Collins, Zachary, Dandekar, Ravi, Darmanis, Spyros, Esmaili, Armond, Ghale, Rajani, Giberson, Jeremy, Glenn, Pat, Gonzalez, Ana, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jones, Norman, Ke, Serena, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Lelidowicz, Aleskandra, Liu, Kathleen, Lota, Raphael, Matthay, Michael, Milush, Jeff, Nguyen, Viet, Nigam, Nishita, Ortiz, Gabe, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya, Rajan, Jayant, Rashid, Ahmad Sadeed, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Samad, Bushra, Scarlet, Diane, Shaw, Cole, Sigman, Austin, Sinha, Pratik, Spitzer, Matthew, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz Torres, Tumurbaatar, Erden, Willmore, Andrew, Wilson, Michael, Withers, Reese, Yee, Kimberly, Zamecnik, Colin, Zhan, Jenny, and Zhou, Mingyue

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Coronaviruses, Clinical Research, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Lung, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Good Health and Well Being, Autoantibodies, COVID-19, Humans, Interferon Type I, UCSF COMET consortium, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical biotechnology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) have been found in some patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the prevalence of these antibodies, their longitudinal dynamics across the disease severity scale, and their functional effects on circulating leukocytes remain unknown. Here, in 284 patients with COVID-19, we found type I IFN–specific autoantibodies in peripheral blood samples from 19% of patients with critical disease and 6% of patients with severe disease. We found no type I IFN autoantibodies in individuals with moderate disease. Longitudinal profiling of over 600,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells using multiplexed single-cell epitope and transcriptome sequencing from 54 patients with COVID-19 and 26 non–COVID-19 controls revealed a lack of type I IFN–stimulated gene (ISG-I) responses in myeloid cells from patients with critical disease. This was especially evident in dendritic cell populations isolated from patients with critical disease producing type I IFN–specific autoantibodies. Moreover, we found elevated expression of the inhibitory receptor leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1) on the surface of monocytes isolated from patients with critical disease early in the disease course. LAIR1 expression is inversely correlated with ISG-I expression response in patients with COVID-19 but is not expressed in healthy controls. The deficient ISG-I response observed in patients with critical COVID-19 with and without type I IFN–specific autoantibodies supports a unifying model for disease pathogenesis involving ISG-I suppression through convergent mechanisms.

Published
2021

5. A myeloid program associated with COVID-19 severity is decreased by therapeutic blockade of IL-6 signaling

Author

Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Adkisson, Michael, Ansel, K. Mark, Asthana, Saurabh, Beagle, Alexander, Bhide, Sharvari, Cai, Cathy, Caldera, Saharai, Calvo, Maria, Carrillo, Sidney A., Chak, Suzanna, Christenson, Stephanie, Collins, Zachary, Darmanis, Spyros, Detweiler, Angela, DeVoe, Catherine, Eckalbar, Walter, Giberson, Jeremy, Gonzalez, Ana, Gordon, Gracie, Serpa, Paula Hayakawa, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jones, Chayse, Ke, Serena, Kushnoor, Divya, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, Liu, Yale, Mahboob, Salman, Maliskova, Lenka, Matthay, Michael, McCarthy, Elizabeth, Muñoz-Sandoval, Priscila, Neff, Norma, Nguyen, Viet, Nigam, Nishita, Parada, Randy, Phelps, Maira, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya, Rashid, Sadeed, Reeder, Gabriella, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Samad, Bushra, Schroeder, Andrew, Shaw, Cole, Shen, Alan, Sigman, Austin, Sinha, Pratik, Spitzer, Matthew, Sunshine, Sara, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz Torres, Tsitsiklis, Alexandra, Tumurbaatar, Erden, Upadhyay, Vaibhav, Whatley, Alexander, Willmore, Andrew, Wilson, Michael, Winkler, Juliane, Wong, Kristine, Yee, Kimberly, Yu, Michelle, Zhou, Mingyue, Zhu, Wandi S., Hackney, Jason A., Shivram, Haridha, Vander Heiden, Jason, Overall, Chris, Orozco, Luz, Gao, Xia, Kim, Eugene, West, Nathan, Qamra, Aditi, Chang, Diana, Chakrabarti, Arindam, Choy, David F., Combes, Alexis J., Courau, Tristan, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K., Rao, Arjun Arkal, Ray, Arja, Tsui, Jessica, Hu, Kenneth, Kuhn, Nicholas F., Krummel, Matthew F., Erle, David J., Kangelaris, Kirsten, Sarma, Aartik, Lyon, Zoe, Calfee, Carolyn S., Woodruff, Prescott G., Ghale, Rajani, Mick, Eran, Byrne, Ashley, Zha, Beth Shoshana, Langelier, Charles, Hendrickson, Carolyn M., van der Wijst, Monique G.P., Hartoularos, George C., Grant, Tianna, Bueno, Raymund, Lee, David S., Greenland, John R., Sun, Yang, Perez, Richard, Ogorodnikov, Anton, Ward, Alyssa, Ye, Chun Jimmie, Ramalingam, Thiru, McBride, Jacqueline M., Cai, Fang, Teterina, Anastasia, Bao, Min, Tsai, Larry, Rosas, Ivan O., Regev, Aviv, Kapadia, Sharookh B., Bauer, Rebecca N., and Rosenberger, Carrie M.

Published
2023
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6. Phenotypes of disease severity in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results from the IMPACC study

Author

Ozonoff, Al, Schaenman, Joanna, Jayavelu, Naresh Doni, Milliren, Carly E., Calfee, Carolyn S., Cairns, Charles B., Kraft, Monica, Baden, Lindsey R., Shaw, Albert C., Krammer, Florian, van Bakel, Harm, Esserman, Denise A., Liu, Shanshan, Sesma, Ana Fernandez, Simon, Viviana, Hafler, David A., Montgomery, Ruth R., Kleinstein, Steven H., Levy, Ofer, Bime, Chris, Haddad, Elias K., Erle, David J., Pulendran, Bali, Nadeau, Kari C., Davis, Mark M, Hough, Catherine L., Messer, William B., Higuita, Nelson I. Agudelo, Metcalf, Jordan P., Atkinson, Mark A., Brakenridge, Scott C., Corry, David, Kheradmand, Farrah, Ehrlich, Lauren I.R., Melamed, Esther, McComsey, Grace A., Sekaly, Rafick, Diray-Arce, Joann, Peters, Bjoern, Augustine, Alison D., Reed, Elaine F., McEnaney, Kerry, Barton, Brenda, Lentucci, Claudia, Saluvan, Mehmet, Chang, Ana C., Hoch, Annmarie, Albert, Marisa, Shaheen, Tanzia, Kho, Alvin T., Thomas, Sanya, Chen, Jing, Murphy, Maimouna D., Cooney, Mitchell, Presnell, Scott, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K., Patel, Ravi, Guan, Leying, Gygi, Jeremy, Pawar, Shrikant, Brito, Anderson, Khalil, Zain, Maguire, Cole, Fourati, Slim, Overton, James A., Vita, Randi, Westendorf, Kerstin, Salehi-Rad, Ramin, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, Matthay, Michael A., Singer, Jonathan P., Kangelaris, Kirsten N., Hendrickson, Carolyn M., Krummel, Matthew F., Langelier, Charles R., Woodruff, Prescott G., Powell, Debra L., Kim, James N., Simmons, Brent, Goonewardene, I. Michael, Smith, Cecilia M., Martens, Mark, Mosier, Jarrod, Kimura, Hiroki, Sherman, Amy C., Walsh, Stephen R., Issa, Nicolas C., Dela Cruz, Charles, Farhadian, Shelli, Iwasaki, Akiko, Ko, Albert I., Chinthrajah, Sharon, Ahuja, Neera, Rogers, Angela J., Artandi, Maja, Siegel, Sarah A.R., Lu, Zhengchun, Drevets, Douglas A., Brown, Brent R., Anderson, Matthew L., Guirgis, Faheem W., Thyagarajan, Rama V., Rousseau, Justin F., Wylie, Dennis, Busch, Johanna, Gandhi, Saurin, Triplett, Todd A., Yendewa, George, Giddings, Olivia, Anderson, Evan J., Mehta, Aneesh K., Sevransky, Jonathan E., Khor, Bernard, Rahman, Adeeb, Stadlbauer, Daniel, Dutta, Jayeeta, Xie, Hui, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Gonzalez-Reiche, Ana Silvia, van de Guchte, Adriana, Farrugia, Keith, Khan, Zenab, Maecker, Holden T., Elashoff, David, Brook, Jenny, Ramires-Sanchez, Estefania, Llamas, Megan, Rivera, Adreanne, Perdomo, Claudia, Ward, Dawn C., Magyar, Clara E., Fulcher, Jennifer A., Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Asthana, Saurabh, Beagle, Alexander, Bhide, Sharvari, Carrillo, Sidney A., Chak, Suzanna, Ghale, Rajani, Gonzalez, Ana, Jauregui, Alejandra, Jones, Norman, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Lota, Raphael, Milush, Jeff, Nguyen, Viet, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya A., Rao, Arjun, Samad, Bushra, Shaw, Cole, Sigman, Austin, Sinha, Pratik, Ward, Alyssa, Willmore, Andrew, Zhan, Jenny, Rashid, Sadeed, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz Torres, Betancourt, Legna, Curiel, Cindy, Sutter, Nicole, Paz, Maria Tercero, Tietje-Ulrich, Gayelan, Leroux, Carolyn, Connors, Jennifer, Bernui, Mariana, Kutzler, Michel A., Edwards, Carolyn, Lee, Edward, Lin, Edward, Croen, Brett, Semenza, Nicholas C., Rogowski, Brandon, Melnyk, Nataliya, Woloszczuk, Kyra, Cusimano, Gina, Bell, Mathew R., Furukawa, Sara, McLin, Renee, Marrero, Pamela, Sheidy, Julie, Tegos, George P., Nagle, Crystal, Mege, Nathan, Ulring, Kristen, Seyfert-Margolis, Vicki, Conway, Michelle, Francisco, Dave, Molzahn, Allyson, Erickson, Heidi, Wilson, Connie Cathleen, Schunk, Ron, Sierra, Bianca, Hughes, Trina, Smolen, Kinga, Desjardins, Michael, van Haren, Simon, Mitre, Xhoi, Cauley, Jessica, Li, Xiaofang, Tong, Alexandra, Evans, Bethany, Montesano, Christina, Licona, Jose Humberto, Krauss, Jonathan, Chang, Jun Bai Park, Izaguirre, Natalie, Chaudhary, Omkar, Coppi, Andreas, Fournier, John, Mohanty, Subhasis, Muenker, M. Catherine, Nelson, Allison, Raddassi, Khadir, Rainone, Michael, Ruff, William E., Salahuddin, Syim, Schulz, Wade L., Vijayakumar, Pavithra, Wang, Haowei, Wunder Jr., Elsio, Young, H. Patrick, Zhao, Yujiao, Saksena, Miti, Altman, Deena, Kojic, Erna, Srivastava, Komal, Eaker, Lily Q., Bermúdez-González, Maria C., Beach, Katherine F., Sominsky, Levy A., Azad, Arman R., Carreño, Juan Manuel, Singh, Gagandeep, Raskin, Ariel, Tcheou, Johnstone, Bielak, Dominika, Kawabata, Hisaaki, Mulder, Lubbertus CF, Kleiner, Giulio, Lee, Alexandra S., Do, Evan Do, Fernandes, Andrea, Manohar, Monali, Hagan, Thomas, Blish, Catherine A., Din, Hena Naz, Roque, Jonasel, Yang, Samuel, Brunton, Amanda, Sullivan, Peter E., Strnad, Matthew, Lyski, Zoe L., Coulter, Felicity J., Booth, J. Leland, Sinko, Lauren A., Moldawer, Lyle L., Borresen, Brittany, Roth-Manning, Brittney, Song, Li-Zhen, Nelson, Ebony, Lewis-Smith, Megan, Smith, Jacob, Tipan, Pablo Guaman, Siles, Nadia, Bazzi, Sam, Geltman, Janelle, Hurley, Kerin, Gabriele, Gio, Sieg, Scott, Vaysman, Tatyana, Bristow, Laurel, Hussaini, Laila, Hellmeister, Kieffer, Samaha, Hady, Cheng, Andrew, Spainhour, Christine, Scherer, Erin M., Johnson, Brandi, Bechnak, Amer, Ciric, Caroline R., Hewitt, Lauren, Carter, Erin, Mcnair, Nina, Panganiban, Bernadine, Huerta, Christopher, Usher, Jacob, Ribeiro, Susan Pereira, Altman, Matthew C., Becker, Patrice M., Rouphael, Nadine, Bime, Christian, and Davis, Mark M.

Published
2022
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7. Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Author

Bastard, Paul, Vazquez, Sara, Liu, Jamin, Laurie, Matthew, Wang, Chung, Gervais, Adrian, Le Voyer, Tom, Bizien, Lucy, Zamecnik, Colin, Philippot, Quentin, Rosain, Jérémie, Catherinot, Emilie, Willmore, Andrew, Mitchell, Anthea, Bair, Rebecca, Garçon, Pierre, Kenney, Heather, Fekkar, Arnaud, Salagianni, Maria, Poulakou, Garyphallia, Siouti, Eleni, Sahanic, Sabina, Tancevski, Ivan, Weiss, Günter, Nagl, Laurenz, Manry, Jérémy, Duvlis, Sotirija, Arroyo-Sánchez, Daniel, Paz Artal, Estela, Rubio, Luis, Perani, Cristiano, Bezzi, Michela, Sottini, Alessandra, Quaresima, Virginia, Roussel, Lucie, Vinh, Donald, Reyes, Luis, Garzaro, Margaux, Hatipoglu, Nevin, Boutboul, David, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine, Borghesi, Alessandro, Aliberti, Anna, Cassaniti, Irene, Venet, Fabienne, Monneret, Guillaume, Halwani, Rabih, Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Danielson, Jeffrey, Burrel, Sonia, Morbieu, Caroline, Stepanovskyy, Yurii, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Volokha, Alla, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Gagro, Alenka, Neuville, Mathilde, Neven, Bénédicte, Keles, Sevgi, Hernu, Romain, Bal, Antonin, Novelli, Antonio, Novelli, Giuseppe, Saker, Kahina, Ailioaie, Oana, Antolí, Arnau, Jeziorski, Eric, Rocamora-Blanch, Gemma, Teixeira, Carla, Delaunay, Clarisse, Lhuillier, Marine, Le Turnier, Paul, Zhang, Yu, Mahevas, Matthieu, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Abolhassani, Hassan, Bompoil, Thierry, Dorgham, Karim, Gorochov, Guy, Laouenan, Cédric, Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlos, Ng, Lisa, Renia, Laurent, Pujol, Aurora, Belot, Alexandre, Raffi, François, Allende, Luis, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Ozcelik, Tayfun, Imberti, Luisa, Notarangelo, Luigi, Troya, Jesus, Solanich, Xavier, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Puel, Anne, Wilson, Michael, Trouillet-Assant, Sophie, Abel, Laurent, Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Ye, Chun, Cobat, Aurélie, Thompson, Leslie, Andreakos, Evangelos, Zhang, Qian, Anderson, Mark, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Derisi, Joseph, Achille, Cristian, Aiuti, Alessandro, Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Al-Mulla, Fahd, Angelini, Micol, Arias, Andrés, Aytekin, Gokhan, Baldanti, Fausto, Feldman, Hagit, Bergami, Federica, Biggs, Catherine, Bogunovic, Dusan, Bolze, Alexandre, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Bousfiha, Ahmed, Brodin, Petter, Bryceson, Yenan, Bustamante, Carlos, Butte, Manish, Casari, Giorgio, Christodoulou, John, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Constantinescu, Stefan, Conti, Francesca, Cooper, Megan, Dalgard, Clifton, Desai, Murkesh, Drolet, Beth, El Baghdadi, Jamila, Ergun, Recai, Ergun, Dilek, Espinosa-Padilla, Sara, Fellay, Jacques, Flores, Carlos, Franco, José, Froidure, Antoine, Ghirardello, Stefano, Gregersen, Peter, Grimbacher, Bodo, Haerynck, Filomeen, Hagin, David, Hammarström, Lennart, Heath, James, Henrickson, Sarah, Hsieh, Elena, Husebye, Eystein, Imai, Kohsuke, Itan, Yuval, Jarvis, Erich, Kanat, Fikret, Karamitros, Timokratis, Kisand, Kai, Kopcha, Vasyl, Korda, Mykhaylo, Ku, Cheng-Lung, Lau, Yu-Lung, Ling, Yun, Lucas, Carrie, Maniatis, Tom, Mansouri, Davood, Maródi, László, Meyts, Isabelle, Milner, Joshua, Mironska, Kristina, Mogensen, Trine, Mojoli, Francesco, Morandeira, Francisco, Morio, Tomohiro, O'Farrelly, Cliona, Okada, Satoshi, Okamoto, Keisuke, Pagani, Michele, Pape, Jean, de Diego, Rebeca, Perlin, David, Pesole, Graziano, Pession, Andrea, Piralla, Antonio, Planas, Anna, Prando, Carolina, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Ramaswamy, Sathishkumar, Resnick, Igor, Rigo-Bonnin, Raúl, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sediva, Anna, Seppänen, Mikko, Shahrooei, Mohammed, Shcherbina, Anna, Slaby, Ondrej, Snow, Andrew, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Spaan, András, Tangye, Stuart, Abou Tayoun, Ahmad, Tulek, Baykal, Turvey, Stuart, Uddin, K, Uddin, Mohammed, Clément, Bénédicte, Abe-Jones, Yumiko, Asthana, Saurabh, Bhide, Sharvari, Calfee, Carolyn, Carrillo, Sidney, Chak, Suzanna, Collins, Zachary, Erle, David, Fragiadakis, Gabriela, Ghale, Rajani, Hendrickson, Carolyn, Jauregui, Alejandra, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Krummel, Matthew, Langelier, Charles, Lea, Tasha, Lee, Deanna, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, Leroux, Carolyn, Lota, Raphael, Matthay, Michael, Nguyen, Viet, Patel, Ravi, Pierce, Logan, Prasad, Priya, Rao, Arjun, Rashid, Ahmad, Rodriguez, Nicklaus, Samad, Bushra, Shaw, Cole, Sigman, Austin, Tang, Kevin, Altamirano, Luz, Ward, Alyssa, Woodruff, Prescott, Allavena, Clotilde, Andrejak, Claire, Angoulvant, François, Azoulay, Cecile, Bachelet, Delphine, Bartoli, Marie, Basmaci, Romain, Behilill, Sylvie, Beluze, Marine, Benech, Nicolas, Benkerrou, Dehbia, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bitker, Laurent, Bouadma, Lila, Bouscambert, Maude, Paz, Pauline, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva, Chair, Anissa, Chirouze, Catherine, Coelho, Alexandra, Cordel, Hugues, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, D’ortenzio, Eric, de Montmollin, Etienne, Debard, Alexa, Debray, Marie-Pierre, Deplanque, Dominique, Descamps, Diane, Desvallée, Mathilde, Diallo, Alpha, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dorival, Céline, Dubos, François, Duval, Xavier, Eloy, Philippine, Enouf, Vincent, Epaulard, Olivier, Esperou, Hélène, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Etienne, Manuel, Garot, Denis, Gault, Nathalie, Gaymard, Alexandre, Ghosn, Jade, Gigante, Tristan, Gilg, Morgane, Goehringer, François, Guedj, Jérémie, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Houas, Ikram, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Jaafoura, Salma, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kali, Sabrina, Kerroumi, Younes, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Kimmoun, Antoine, Laine, Fabrice, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Le, Minh, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Gac, Sylvie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Nagard, Hervé, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemee, Véronique, Lescure, François-Xavier, Letrou, Sophie, Levy, Yves, Lina, Bruno, Lingas, Guillaume, Lucet, Jean, Machado, Moïse, Malvy, Denis, Mambert, Marina, Manuel, Aldric, Mentré, France, Meziane, Amina, Mouquet, Hugo, Mullaert, Jimmy, Neant, Nadège, Nguyen, Duc, Noret, Marion, Papadopoulos, Aurélie, Paul, Christelle, Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Peigne, Vincent, Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzislava, Peytavin, Gilles, Pham, Huong, Picone, Olivier, Piquard, Valentine, Poissy, Julien, Puéchal, Oriane, Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel, Rossignol, Bénédicte, Rossignol, Patrick, Roy, Carine, Schneider, Marion, Su, Richa, Tardivon, Coralie, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Téoulé, François, Terrier, Olivier, Timsit, Jean-François, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, van der Werf, Sylvie, Vanel, Noémie, Veislinger, Aurélie, Visseaux, Benoit, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Human genetics of infectious diseases : Mendelian predisposition (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Rockefeller University [New York], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), 4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Goce Delchev University (UGD), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Basic medicine, Settore MED/03, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, COVID-19, Pneumònia, Pneumonia, General Medicine
Abstract

International audience; Life-threatening ‘breakthrough’ cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals (age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto-Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω, while two neutralized IFN-ω only. No patient neutralized IFN-β. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population.

Published
2022

8. An Asynchronous, Personalized Learning Platform―Guided Learning Pathways (GLP)

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Office of Digital Learning, Shaw, Cole J, Larson, Richard Charles, Sibdari, Soheil, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Office of Digital Learning, Shaw, Cole J, Larson, Richard Charles, and Sibdari, Soheil

Abstract

The authors propose that personalized learning can be brought to traditional and non-traditional learners through asynchronous learning platform that recommends to individual learners the learning materials best suited for him or her. Such a platform would allow learners to advance towards individual learning goals at their own pace, with learning materials catered to each learner’s interests and motivations. This paper describes the authors’ vision and design for a modular, personalized learning platform called Guided Learning Pathways (GLP), and its characteristics and features. We provide detailed descriptions of and propose frameworks for critical modules like the Content Map, Learning Nuggets, and Recommendation Algorithms. A threaded user scenario is provided for each module to help the reader visualize different aspects of GLP. We discuss work done at MIT to support such a platform.

Published
2017

9. Next Generation Learning Architecture

Author

Merriman, Jeff, Coppeto, Tom, Santanach Delisau, Francesc, Shaw, Cole, Aracil Díaz, Xavier, and Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. eLearning Innovation Center

Subjects
aplicaciones de aprendizaje, servicios de aprendizaje, següent generació d'entorns d'aprenentatge, learning applications, aplicacions d'aprenentatge, future of learning, futuro del aprendizaje, LMS, próxima generación de entornos de aprendizaje, entorn d'aprenentatge, futur de l'aprenentatge, serveis d'aprenentatge, entorno de aprendizaje, learning environment, learning services, e-learning, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. eLearn Center, next generation learning environments
Abstract

Durant l'última dècada i mitja, el sistema de gestió d'aprenentatge (LMS) s'ha convertit en la solució empresarial per a la prestació de l'educació. Un LMS és un sistema aïllat per suportar les funcions elementals de l'educació en línia. No obstant això, les institucions educatives s'estan expandint més enllà del que un sol sistema pot donar. Hi ha una necessitat creixent de diverses funcions educatives com l'avaluació avançada, l'acreditació, la personalització i les vies d'aprenentatge, i l'analítica. Les noves arquitectures de programari necessiten oferir una gamma més àmplia de funcions i donar suport a noves metodologies d'aprenentatge i models de negoci educatius. Aquest informe examina una arquitectura de programari per crear i donar suport a aquests ambients d'aprenentatge de pròxima generació. Over the past decade and a half, the learning management system (LMS) has emerged as the enterprise solution for the delivery of education. An LMS is a single isolated system for supporting the rudimentary functions of online education. However, educational institutions are expanding beyond what a single system can deliver. There is a growing need for diverse educational functions such as advanced assessment, accreditation, personalization and learning pathways, and analytics. Newer software architectures need to offer a wider range of functions and support newer learning methodologies and educational business models. This report examines a software architecture to create and support these next generation learning environments. Durante la última década y media, el sistema de gestión de aprendizaje (LMS) se ha convertido en la solución empresarial para la prestación de la educación. Un LMS es un sistema aislado para soportar las funciones elementales de la educación en línea. Sin embargo, las instituciones educativas se están expandiendo más allá de lo que un solo sistema puede dar. Hay una necesidad creciente de diversas funciones educativas como la evaluación avanzada, la acreditación, la personalización y las vías de aprendizaje, y la analítica. Las nuevas arquitecturas de software necesitan ofrecer una gama más amplia de funciones y apoyar nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje y modelos de negocio educativos. Este informe examina una arquitectura de software para crear y apoyar a estos ambientes de aprendizaje de próxima generación.

Published
2016

10. Art, Activism, and Feminisms: Sites of Confrontation and Change

Author

Julie Shaw Cole

Subjects
Power (social and political), Politics, Intervention (law), media_common.quotation_subject, Subject (philosophy), Media studies, Gender studies, Context (language use), Sociology, Ideology, Feminism, Order (virtue), media_common
Abstract

Much has been written over the last four decades on feminism, art, and the critical relationship between the two. Art as political activism also has been the subject of many scholarly writings, and political artwork frequently intersects or explicitly engages scholarly writing. Much has been written, but much also has been left out, and readers seeking information regarding art informed by feminist concerns and intended as an intervention might be frustrated by current offerings. Texts that are simultaneously engaging, informative, and critically self-conscious of their place in a hotly contested, ideologically loaded-and potentially revolutionary-field, are rare. While content should be the primary focus when evaluating a book, an appealing book can be an important tool or ally, particularly in a course devoted to exploring how art can create, change, or jam culture; aesthetics become content within books on feminism, art, and activism. Even issues of cost, a perennial concern for college students, take on new significance in this context, for accessibility, the power to reach as large and varied an audience as possible, is an important component of art concerned with social and economic justice. Grounded in these thoughts, I began to look at each of the following four books for useful and inspiring discussions of feminists, who make art in order to intervene in, act upon, or change existing modes of culture. I turned first to Art and Feminism by Peggy Phelan and Helena Reckitt. Published in 2001, the book is out of print but still readily available. With the majority of its pages devoted to images of work by dozens of feminist artists (all women), the book's structure is designed to support the claim

Published
2007

12. System design and architecture of an online, adaptive, and personalized learning platform

Author

Richard C. Larson., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division., Shaw, Cole J. (Cole Jim), Richard C. Larson., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division., and Shaw, Cole J. (Cole Jim)

Abstract

Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013., Cataloged from PDF version of thesis., Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-82)., The author proposes that personalized learning can be brought to traditional and nontraditional learners through a new type of asynchronous learning platform called Guided Learning Pathways (GLP). The GLP platform allows learners to intelligently traverse a vast field of learning resources, emphasizing content only of direct relevance to the learner and presenting it in a way that matches the learner's pedagogical preference and contextual interests. GLP allows learners to advance towards individual learning goals at their own pace, with learning materials catered to each learner's interests and motivations. Learning communities would support learners moving through similar topics. This thesis describes the software system design and architecture required to support Guided Learning Pathways. The author provides detailed information on eight software applications within GLP, including specific learning benefits and features of each. These applications include content maps, learning nuggets, and nugget recommendation algorithms. A learner scenario helps readers visualize the functionality of the platform. To describe the platform's software architecture, the author provides conceptual data models, process flow models, and service group definitions. This thesis also provides a discussion on the potential social impact of GLP in two areas: higher education institutions and the broader economy., by Cole J. Shaw., S.M.in Technology and Policy

Published
2013

15. Discussion on Hydraulic Turbine Practice

Author

J. D. Scoville, Lewis F. Moody, Martin A. Mason, Donald H. Mattern, Paul L. Heslop, K. W. Beattie, R. E. B. Sharp, W. S. Pardoe, and E. Shaw Cole

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Hydraulics, law, Mechanical engineering, business, Civil engineering, Hydraulic turbines, law.invention
Published
1941

16. Design of Steel Pipe With Cement Coating and Lining

Author

E. Shaw Cole

Subjects
Cement, business.product_category, Materials science, Coating, Metallurgy, engineering, Pipe, General Chemistry, engineering.material, business, Water Science and Technology
Published
1956

17. Pitot Tubes in Large Pipes

Author

Edward S. Cole and E. Shaw Cole

Abstract

Comparative calibrations with two different types of pitometer, which reacted differently to angular flows, indicated the absence of angularity effects in large pipes. To check this the authors made actual measurements in two large pipes and found the angularity to be less than 3 deg. Comparisons with other methods of flow measurement in two large pipes are presented together with velocity traverses in these and other conduits. The velocity traverses show the smooth flow pattern found in large pipes at good gaging points. The authors also discuss the value of pipe factor, i.e., the ratio of mean to center velocity, for determining the suitability of a gaging point as well as for making short tests quickly and accurately, or for making continuous-flow measurements.

Published
1939

19. Present-Day Scope of Pitometer Surveys

Author

E. Shaw Cole

Subjects
Scope (project management), Environmental science, General Chemistry, Marketing, Present day, Water Science and Technology
Published
1945

24. SURVEY FORM FOR EVALUATING WATER UTILITY OPERATIONS

Author

E. Shaw Cole

Subjects
Distribution system, Operations research, Computer science, Principal (computer security), Operations management, General Chemistry, Discount points, Water utility, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

E. Shaw Cole SOME composed YEARS of distinguished ago, a committee mancomposed of distinguished managers and engineers of the investorowned and publicly-owned water utilities submitted a report entitled "Revenue-producing versus Unaccounted-for Water." This was presented at the May 1957 Annual Conference in Atlantic City and published in the Journal AWWA in December 1957. A major point made in this report was that all water delivered to a distribution system should be accurately metered at the points of delivery and that all sales should be metered. The three principal types of sales are

Published
1970

26. An Asynchronous, Personalized Learning Platform―Guided Learning Pathways (GLP)

Author

Soheil Sibdari, Cole Shaw, Richard K. Larson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Office of Digital Learning, Shaw, Cole J, and Larson, Richard Charles

Subjects
Blended learning, Asynchronous learning, Multimedia, Computer science, Active learning (machine learning), Educational technology, Collaborative learning, General Medicine, Personalized learning, computer.software_genre, Robot learning, computer, Synchronous learning
Abstract

The authors propose that personalized learning can be brought to traditional and non-traditional learners through asynchronous learning platform that recommends to individual learners the learning materials best suited for him or her. Such a platform would allow learners to advance towards individual learning goals at their own pace, with learning materials catered to each learner’s interests and motivations. This paper describes the authors’ vision and design for a modular, personalized learning platform called Guided Learning Pathways (GLP), and its characteristics and features. We provide detailed descriptions of and propose frameworks for critical modules like the Content Map, Learning Nuggets, and Recommendation Algorithms. A threaded user scenario is provided for each module to help the reader visualize different aspects of GLP. We discuss work done at MIT to support such a platform.

Published
2014

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