Search

Early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most important and devastating disease of tomato which causing extensive yield losses to the crop. Environmental factors play an important role in the development of disease. To investigate the congenial conditions to develop the disease and germination of fungal spores an experiment was conducted in the year 2019 and 2020 at vegetable pathology laboratory of Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Under investigations effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on conidial germination and early blight diseases development of tomato caused by Alternaria solani was studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Under in vitro conditions, maximum germination of conidia (75.54%) was recorded at 30°C after 24 hours and minimum (23.24%) was recorded at 15°C. length of germ tube (129.55 µm) was maximum at 25°C, whereas, minimum (67.09 µm) was observed at 15°C. In case of relative humidity maximum conidial germination (95.18%) and germ tube length of 238.95 µm was observed at 100% level. Under in vivo conditions disease severity was maximum (81.48%) at 30°C followed by 25°C (78.21%), whereas, minimum (18.88%) was recorded at 40°C. Similarly, the maximum (88.09%) disease severity was observed at 100% RH level while, it was minimum at 38% level of humidity. Overall, the relative humidity of more than 90% and temperature range of 25–30°C was found most congenial for the development of disease.

Cattle production has been an important source of livelihood for the rural communities. Current study aimed to documenting the indigenous traditional knowledge and practices related to livestock health care system among the people of Kamlah region of Sandhol tehsil of district Mandi (Himachal Pradesh). Reconnaissance surveys were conducted in this region from 2021 to 2022. A total of 65 informants (35 males & 30 females) were interviewed. Ethnoveterinary data was collected through semi-structured interviews and group discussions with elderly people, women, farmers and local herbal healers. In this study, 28 plant species belonging to 23 families were identified; in which herb (57%) were the maximum used life forms and leaves (43%) were the commonly used plant parts. The highest number of species recorded in families were Asparagaceae and Fabaceae (3 species each). A wide range of diseases or disorders of cattle such as bone fracture, eye infection, fever, heat stroke, insect bite, prolapsed uterus, skin disorders and stomach disorders are treated by the people of study area with the help of indigenous medicinal plants. The data was analysed using three ethnobotanical indices i.e., use value (UV), fidelity level (FL) and informant consensus factor (ICF). According to quantitative analysis, plant species with high UV values for curing live stock were Mentha spicata L. (0.92), Cassia fistula L. (0.77) and Stephania rotunda Lour. (0.77). FL% values ranged from 25 to 100% and ICF values ranged between 0.97 to 1.00. These findings were at primary level and provide basic information to the researchers for carrying out phytochemical and pharmacological investigations, to create more effective veterinary drugs.

Early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani is one of the most important and devastating disease of tomato which causing extensive yield losses to the crop. Environmental factors play an important role in the development of disease. To investigate the congenial conditions to develop the disease and germination of fungal spores an experiment was conducted in the year 2019 and 2020 at vegetable pathology laboratory of Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. Under investigations effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on conidial germination and early blight diseases development of tomato caused by Alternaria solani was studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Under in vitro conditions, maximum germination of conidia (75.54%) was recorded at 30°C after 24 hours and minimum (23.24%) was recorded at 15°C. length of germ tube (129.55 µm) was maximum at 25°C, whereas, minimum (67.09 µm) was observed at 15°C. In case of relative humidity maximum conidial germination (95.18%) and germ tube length of 238.95 µm was observed at 100% level. Under in vivo conditions disease severity was maximum (81.48%) at 30°C followed by 25°C (78.21%), whereas, minimum (18.88%) was recorded at 40°C. Similarly, the maximum (88.09%) disease severity was observed at 100% RH level while, it was minimum at 38% level of humidity. Overall, the relative humidity of more than 90% and temperature range of 25-30°C was found most congenial for the development of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation of the combined influence of rarefaction and Darcy effects on the flow of oscillatory MHD viscous, incompressible, chemically reacting, and electrically conducting fluid in a vertical channel is carried out. The fluid is assumed to be gray and absorbing and emitting radiation but to be a nonscattering medium. The flow is assumed to be laminar and hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed. The Navier--Stokes, energy, and concentration equations, which are accompanied by appropriate velocity-slip and temperature-jump boundary conditions, are analytically solved. It is found that rarefaction effects significantly influence the flow and thermal fields such that mass flow and heat transfer rates are increased as compared to the continuum regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]