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Introduction: Multidisciplinary tumour boards (MDTs) play a vital role in providing high-quality cancer care. In Pakistan's compromised healthcare system, there is a lack of tumour board establishment. To bridge this gap, we aimed to enhance medical education by exposing medical students to the processes and advantages of MDTs early in their careers through conducting a mock tumour board. This approach seeks to provide students with a practical understanding of cancer care and the collaborative decisionmaking involved in managing cancer patients. Methodology: A session took place at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in May, 2023, with participants voluntarily agreeing to attend. This session comprised six components: a Pretest questionnaire, a didactic lecture on the concept of tumour boards, an interactive group discussion following the lecture, a simulated tumour case presentation, a workshop simulating a tumour board scenario and a Posttest questionnaire. Results: A total of 80 participants were included in the study. The mean age of study participants was 22. Among these, 36 (45%) were in their final year, 34 (42.5%) in their fourth year and 10 (12.5%) in their third year. While the majority of students possessed a fundamental understanding of tumour boards, they lacked awareness regarding their importance, implementation and procedural aspects involved. Before the mock tumour board, 53 (66.3%) students were unfamiliar with tumour board procedures; post-workshop, all 80 (100%) gained awareness of the process. Additionally, the study showed a positive shift in perceptions regarding the cost-effectiveness of tumour boards. Initially, 44(55%) students responded with 'maybe' regarding tumour board's cost-effectiveness, but after training, 64 (80%) perceived it as cost-effective from patient's perspective. Moreover, students' overall pretest score was 66.5%, and posttest was 94.62%., showing an overall difference in knowledge of 28%. Conclusion: The mock tumour board workshop successfully heightened students' understanding of tumour board procedures, positively shaped their views on cost-effectiveness, and resulted in a noteworthy enhancement of their knowledge scores. Organising similar workshops for undergraduates offers a practical approach to bridging the current gap in the establishment of tumour boards in the future in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereotactic radiotherapy is a term collectively used to describe the radiation treatment techniques that allow for the delivery of highly precise ionizing radiation. It is usually a high dose per session in single or few fractions. This treatment approach has been in medical use for over six decades and has primarily evolved in the last two decades. Many patients benefit from this unique non‐conventional radiotherapy approach. Its indications include various malignant, benign and functional problems in cranial and body sites. This technique is not widespread in developing countries compared to developed countries. This work is an educational narrative review for learners in radiation oncology. We aim to share the knowledge of this practice to improve precision radiation oncology globally. This review summarizes the basics of stereotactic radiotherapy, the technical prerequisites, the clinical considerations, the practical recommendations and the learning points from each site‐specific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to contribute to the literature by investigating the impact of eco-innovation on business performance within the institutional theory framework and from a resource-based perspective. Specifically, this paper explores the influence of eco-innovation on business performance by adopting a green marketing orientation. This study builds a complete framework that establishes a connection between environmental innovation, market uncertainty, green market orientation, and corporate performance. The current investigation uses the conceptual underpinnings of the resource-based view (RBV) to evaluate the potential mitigating impact that a company's eco-innovation attempts may have in the setting of unpredictable market dynamics. It is widely held that to develop a positive correlation between corporate performance and eco-innovation, it is vital to possess a comprehensive understanding of the environment. In contrast to several other industries, the pharmaceutical sector has the capacity to address environmental concerns through the implementation of unique solutions tailored to its specific context, namely, its services. This article addresses the moderating influence of market uncertainty and analyses eco-innovations as a reaction to their green marketing-oriented holistic approach to achieving competitive advantages and business performance. It examines eco-innovations as a reaction to their green marketing orientation and holistic approach to achieving competitive advantages and business performance. The integration of institutional theory and green marketing theory is also included, as is an examination of the moderating effect of market uncertainty. According to a survey of Pakistan's pharmaceutical business, the empirical findings reveal that a competitive environment strongly urges the industry to adopt a holistic green strategy. Eco-innovation serves as a mediator between green marketing orientation and business performance and directly impacts business performance. The findings will assist management and corporate leaders in their decision-making process on using eco-innovation to achieve sustainability objectives. This study addresses the existing theoretical and empirical knowledge gap by providing insights that can assist corporate leaders in effectively leveraging and attaining improved outcomes by implementing holistic green marketing strategies. This approach aims to enhance their understanding of the mediating and moderating elements. Furthermore, market uncertainty mitigates the effect of eco-innovation on business performance while amplifying its contribution to the link between green marketing orientation and performance. Future research directions, ramifications, and consequences for eco-innovation studies in the Pakistani context are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the interplay of environmental satisfaction, levels of psychological well being and life satisfaction in female college students of government and private hostels. A total of 86 female colleges students were selected from government hostel and private hostels. The Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener (1984), the Affect Balance scale by Bradburn (1969) and the Hostel Environment Rating Scale by Shaukat & Muazzam, (2010) were administered on the sample to measure life satisfaction, psychological wellbeing and satisfaction with the hostel environment, respectively. Results indicated that the private hostel group was higher in psychological wellbeing and had higher scores of satisfaction with the hostel environment. (t (86)= 4.41, p<.05.) However, satisfaction with life scales showed insignificant results (t (86)= 6.74, p<0.01). Appropriate tests were applied to analyze the data. Besides discussing the results, the implication of the study was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical removal remains the primary treatment for most brain tumours. However, radiosurgery presents an effective, less invasive alternative or additional treatment for certain types. Our goal was to explore radiosurgery's roles in treating various brain tumours, focussing on its application in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We reviewed all relevant systematic reviews, metaanalyses, and guidelines to determine the most effective radiosurgical approaches. Additionally, we consulted a panel of experts with over ten years of experience in LMICs, such as Pakistan. For brain tumours, stereotactic radiosurgery should generally follow a confirmed histopathological diagnosis. Exceptions include tumours identified through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), like Vestibular Schwannoma (VS), pre-diagnosed Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), multiple typical meningiomas, and metastases with a known histology from another site. While radiosurgery is gaining traction as a primary and adjunct treatment in some LMICs, the lack of regional guidelines, trained personnel, and collaboration among specialists hinders its wider adoption. Addressing these gaps is crucial for expanding radiosurgical care in these regions.

Intra-cranial meningiomas represent the most common type of extra-axial brain tumour in adults. Characteristically slow-growing and often asymptomatic, these tumours may only require observation in some cases. However, lesions that cause a significant mass effect necessitate intervention, primarily through surgical means. Additionally, in cases of significant unresectable low-grade residual meningioma or high-grade tumours, radiation therapy becomes essential. Notably, current management guidelines predominantly reflect data derived from high-income countries, failing to address constraints prevalent in the developing world, such as limited financial resources and restricted access to advanced surgical facilities. This manuscript introduces guidelines specifically tailored for the management of meningioma in patients from low- and middle-income countries, considering their unique healthcare challenges and resources.

Background: Breast cancer is a widespread and fatal disease that impacts millions of individuals globally. Pakistan has seen a notable rise in both incidence and mortality rates, ranking among the highest globally alongside the Solomon Islands. The WHO Global Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI) strives to decrease global mortality by 2.5% annually, emphasizing the need for awareness campaigns to educate women about the disease. Purpose: Tumor boards serve as essential interdisciplinary platforms for discussing intricate cancer cases. Nevertheless, Pakistan's health care system encounters obstacles in delivering oncology care due to limited resources. In response, the Tumor Boards Facilitation Forum (TEFF) was established to support tumor boards within the public sector.TEFF actively promotes cancer awareness and education during Pinktober through diverse initiatives. Among these is the Self-Breast Examination workshop for students, which educates them on self-examination techniques and the significance of prompt action in identifying breast cancer symptoms. Additionally, TEFF organizes yoga activities for health care professionals, advocating for holistic well-being. Collaborating with non-profit organizations like Shine Humanity, TEFF hosts awareness camps and coordinates a scarf donation drive for cancer survivors. Furthermore, TEFF arranges breast cancer awareness walks and encourages fundraising through charity events. Conclusion: In summary, breast cancer presents a significant challenge in Pakistan, necessitating immediate action through initiatives like GBCI and TEFF to raise awareness, enhance early detection, and provide comprehensive care. These efforts promote community engagement, foster connections among survivors, and empower individuals. By uniting our efforts, we can reduce the incidence of breast cancer, improve patient outcomes, and ensure comprehensive care for all affected individuals. This article aims to underscore the crucial role of tumor boards in Pakistan in enhancing awareness and education among women regarding breast cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Abscopal effect is defined as a phenomenon where radiation delivery at one site induces shrinkage of disease at a distant site, outside the radiation field. Although it is an old concept but with recent advancements in the fields of diagnostic and therapeutic oncology, this effect has gained popularity and nowadays has become an area of interest for the researchers.With the current success of immunotherapy, there is robust and interesting data looming to evaluate potential synergistic effect of radiation coupled with immunotherapy to attain abscopal effect. Our article highlights background, mechanism and a brief literature review for abscopal response in conjunction with immunotherapy. Keywords: Abscopal Effect, Radiation, Immunotherapy, Personalized Medicine.