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1. Simultaneous Estimation of Nebivolol and Cilnidipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method

Author

Patel, Pinal J., Patel, Drashti Mahendrabhai, Patel, Meghal J., Chaudhari, Manisha, Gandhi, Kinjal, Ranga, Shashi V., Patel, Hardik Mahendrabhai, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Fong, Simon, editor, Dey, Nilanjan, editor, and Joshi, Amit, editor

Published
2023
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4. Social Cognitive Training in Adolescents with Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of the Intervention

Author

Shashi, V., Harrell, W., and Eack, S.

Abstract

Background: Children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) often have deficits in social cognition and social skills that contribute to poor adaptive functioning. These deficits may be of relevance to the later occurrence of serious psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Yet, there are no evidence-based interventions to improve social cognitive functioning in children with 22q11DS. Methods: Using a customised social cognitive curriculum, we conducted a pilot small-group-based social cognitive training (SCT) programme in 13 adolescents with 22q11DS, relative to a control group of nine age- and gender-matched adolescents with 22q11DS. Results: We found the SCT programme to be feasible, with high rates of compliance and satisfaction on the part of the participants and their families. Our preliminary analyses indicated that the intervention group showed significant improvements in an overall social cognitive composite index. Conclusions: SCT in a small-group format for adolescents with 22q11DS is feasible and results in gains in social cognition. A larger randomised controlled trial would permit assessment of efficacy of this promising novel intervention.

Published
2015
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5. Social Skills and Associated Psychopathology in Children with Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Implications for Interventions

Author

Shashi, V., Veerapandiyan, A., Schoch, K., Kwapil, T., Keshavan, M., Ip, E., and Hooper, S.

Abstract

Background: Although distinctive neuropsychological impairments have been delineated in children with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), social skills and social cognition remain less well-characterised. Objective: To examine social skills and social cognition and their relationship with neuropsychological function/behaviour and psychiatric diagnoses in children with 22q11DS. Methods: Sixty-six children with 22q11DS and 54 control participants underwent neuropsychological testing and were administered the Diagnostic Analysis of Non-Verbal Accuracy (DANVA) for face and auditory emotion recognition, a measure of social cognition: their parents/guardians were administered the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS)--parent version, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)--parent version and the Computerised Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC). Results: The 22q11DS group exhibited significantly lower social skills total score and more problem social behaviours, lower neurocognitive functioning, higher rates of anxiety disorders and more internalising symptoms than the control group. Participants with 22q11DS also exhibited significant deficits in their ability to read facial expressions compared with the control group, but performed no differently than the control participants in the processing of emotions by tone of voice. Within the 22q11DS group, higher social competency was correlated with higher global assessment of functioning and parental socio-economic status. Social competency was worse in those with anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, more than two psychiatric diagnoses on the C-DISC and higher internalising symptoms. No significant correlations of SSRS scores were seen with IQ, executive functions, attention, or verbal learning and memory. No correlations were found between social cognition and social skill scores. Conclusion: Our results indicate that social skills in children with 22q11DS are associated with behaviour/emotional functioning and not with neurocognition. Thus, treating the behaviour or emotional problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders may provide a pathway for improving social skills in these children. (Contains 2 figures and 6 tables.)

Published
2012
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6. Multifactorial control of gonadotropin release for induction of oocyte maturation: Influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin release-inhibiting factor and dopamine receptors in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis

Author

Pooja Kumari, Shashi V. Goswami, Neeta Sehgal, and Neerja Aggarwal

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, medicine.drug_class, media_common.quotation_subject, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Oocyte, biology.organism_classification, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Heteropneustes fossilis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Dopamine receptor, Dopamine, Internal medicine, medicine, Gonadotropin, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ovulation, General Environmental Science, Catfish, medicine.drug, media_common
Abstract

Several external and internal factors contribute to the reproductive success of teleosts, which makes the reproductive process complex and unique. In the Indian freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, monsoon plays a crucial role as it fine tunes the neuroendocrine axis, culminating in oocyte maturation. Therefore, induction of oocyte maturation requires the coordinated interaction among hypothalamic, hypophyseal, and peripheral hormones. In the present investigation, dual neuroendocrine control of oocyte maturation has been demonstrated in the catfish, H. fossilis. The maturational response in gravid catfish is inhibited in the presence of dopamine but GnRH evokes the oocyte maturation and ovulation. GnRH upregulates the expression of lhb gene as well as increases plasma levels of LH significantly within 30 minutes of its administration. Destruction of the preoptic region in gravid catfish by electrolytic or chemical lesions also causes oocyte maturation and ovulation. But this response is inhibited if dopamine is injected into the nucleus preopticus periventricularis-lesioned fishes. These observations support the role of dopamine as an inhibitory factor, therefore specific receptors of dopamine have been characterized in catfish and their expression in the brain has been quantified. Dopamine receptors are upregulated in dopamine-treated fishes and downregulated if a dopamine antagonist (pimozide) is injected. The present study suggests the presence of inhibitory mechanism for LH secretion in gravid catfish. Abolition of this inhibition is necessary to release LH surge, which in turn stimulates resumption of meiosis and ovulation. Thus peptidergic as well as aminergic systems regulate oocyte maturation in H. fossilis. Neuroendocrine regulation of oocyte maturation and ovulation has major implications for inducing spawning in aquaculture.

Published
2021
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7. A normative chart for cognitive development in a genetically selected population

Author

Fiksinski, A.M., Bearden, C.E., Bassett, A.S., Kahn, R.S., Zinkstok, J.R., Hooper, S.R., Tempelaar, W., McDonald-McGinn, D., Swillen, A., Emanuel, B., Morrow, B., Gur, R., Chow, E., Bree, M. van, Vermeesch, J., Warren, S., Owen, M., Amelsvoort, T. van, Eliez, S., Gothelf, D., Arango, C., Kates, W., Simon, T., Murphy, K., Repetto, G., Suner, D.H., Vicari, S., Cubells, J., Armando, M., Philip, N., Campbell, L., Garcia-Minaur, S., Schneider, M., Shashi, V., Vorstman, J., Breetvelt, E.J., Fiksinski, A.M., Bearden, C.E., Bassett, A.S., Kahn, R.S., Zinkstok, J.R., Hooper, S.R., Tempelaar, W., McDonald-McGinn, D., Swillen, A., Emanuel, B., Morrow, B., Gur, R., Chow, E., Bree, M. van, Vermeesch, J., Warren, S., Owen, M., Amelsvoort, T. van, Eliez, S., Gothelf, D., Arango, C., Kates, W., Simon, T., Murphy, K., Repetto, G., Suner, D.H., Vicari, S., Cubells, J., Armando, M., Philip, N., Campbell, L., Garcia-Minaur, S., Schneider, M., Shashi, V., Vorstman, J., and Breetvelt, E.J.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Certain pathogenic genetic variants impact neurodevelopment and cause deviations from typical cognitive trajectories. Understanding variant-specific cognitive trajectories is clinically important for informed monitoring and identifying patients at risk for comorbid conditions. Here, we demonstrate a variant-specific normative chart for cognitive development for individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). We used IQ data from 1365 individuals with 22q11DS to construct variant-specific normative charts for cognitive development (Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ). This allowed us to calculate Z-scores for each IQ datapoint. Then, we calculated the change between first and last available IQ assessments (delta Z-IQ-scores) for each individual with longitudinal IQ data (n = 708). We subsequently investigated whether using the variant-specific IQ-Z-scores would decrease required sample size to detect an effect with schizophrenia risk, as compared to standard IQ-scores. The mean Z-IQ-scores for FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ were close to 0, indicating that participants had IQ-scores as predicted by the normative chart. The mean delta-Z-IQ-scores were equally close to 0, demonstrating a good fit of the normative chart and indicating that, as a group, individuals with 22q11DS show a decline in IQ-scores as they grow into adulthood. Using variant-specific IQ-Z-scores resulted in 30% decrease of required sample size, as compared to the standard IQ-based approach, to detect the association between IQ-decline and schizophrenia (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that using variant-specific normative IQ data significantly reduces required sample size in a research context, and may facilitate a more clinically informative interpretation of IQ data. This approach allows identification of individuals that deviate from their expected, variant-specific, trajectory. This group may be at increased risk for comorbid conditions, such as schizophrenia in the case of 22q11DS.

Published
2022

8. An HNRNPK-specific DNA methylation signature makes sense of missense variants and expands the phenotypic spectrum of Au-Kline syndrome

Author

Choufani, S. (Sanaa), McNiven, V. (Vanda), Cytrynbaum, C. (Cheryl), Jangjoo, M. (Maryam), Adam, M. P. (Margaret P.), Bjornsson, H. T. (Hans T.), Harris, J. (Jacqueline), Dyment, D. A. (David A.), Graham, G. E. (Gail E.), Nezarati, M. M. (Marjan M.), Aul, R. B. (Ritu B.), Castiglioni, C. (Claudia), Breckpot, J. (Jeroen), Devriendt, K. (Koen), Stewart, H. (Helen), Banos-Pinero, B. (Benito), Mehta, S. (Sarju), Sandford, R. (Richard), Dunn, C. (Carolyn), Mathevet, R. (Remi), van Maldergem, L. (Lionel), Piard, J. (Juliette), Brischoux-Boucher, E. (Elise), Vitobello, A. (Antonio), Faivre, L. (Laurence), Bournez, M. (Marie), Tran-Mau, F. (Frederic), Maystadt, I. (Isabelle), Fernandez-Jaen, A. (Alberto), Alvarez, S. (Sara), Garcia-Prieto, I. D. (Irene Diez), Alkuraya, F. S. (Fowzan S.), Alsaif, H. S. (Hessa S.), Rahbeeni, Z. (Zuhair), El-Akouri, K. (Karen), Al-Mureikhi, M. (Mariam), Spillmann, R. C. (Rebecca C.), Shashi, V. (Vandana), Sanchez-Lara, P. A. (Pedro A.), Graham, J. M. (John M., Jr.), Roberts, A. (Amy), Chorin, O. (Odelia), Evrony, G. D. (Gilad D.), Kraatari-Tiri, M. (Minna), Dudding-Byth, T. (Tracy), Richardson, A. (Anamaria), Hunt, D. (David), Hamilton, L. (Laura), Dyack, S. (Sarah), Mendelsohn, B. A. (Bryce A.), Rodriguez, N. (Nicolas), Sanchez-Martinez, R. (Rosario), Tenorio-Castano, J. (Jair), Nevado, J. (Julian), Lapunzina, P. (Pablo), Tirado, P. (Pilar), Rodrigues, M. C. (Maria-Teresa Carminho Amaro), Quteineh, L. (Lina), Innes, A. M. (A. Micheil), Kline, A. D. (Antonie D.), Au, P. Y. (P. Y. Billie), Weksberg, R. (Rosanna), Choufani, S. (Sanaa), McNiven, V. (Vanda), Cytrynbaum, C. (Cheryl), Jangjoo, M. (Maryam), Adam, M. P. (Margaret P.), Bjornsson, H. T. (Hans T.), Harris, J. (Jacqueline), Dyment, D. A. (David A.), Graham, G. E. (Gail E.), Nezarati, M. M. (Marjan M.), Aul, R. B. (Ritu B.), Castiglioni, C. (Claudia), Breckpot, J. (Jeroen), Devriendt, K. (Koen), Stewart, H. (Helen), Banos-Pinero, B. (Benito), Mehta, S. (Sarju), Sandford, R. (Richard), Dunn, C. (Carolyn), Mathevet, R. (Remi), van Maldergem, L. (Lionel), Piard, J. (Juliette), Brischoux-Boucher, E. (Elise), Vitobello, A. (Antonio), Faivre, L. (Laurence), Bournez, M. (Marie), Tran-Mau, F. (Frederic), Maystadt, I. (Isabelle), Fernandez-Jaen, A. (Alberto), Alvarez, S. (Sara), Garcia-Prieto, I. D. (Irene Diez), Alkuraya, F. S. (Fowzan S.), Alsaif, H. S. (Hessa S.), Rahbeeni, Z. (Zuhair), El-Akouri, K. (Karen), Al-Mureikhi, M. (Mariam), Spillmann, R. C. (Rebecca C.), Shashi, V. (Vandana), Sanchez-Lara, P. A. (Pedro A.), Graham, J. M. (John M., Jr.), Roberts, A. (Amy), Chorin, O. (Odelia), Evrony, G. D. (Gilad D.), Kraatari-Tiri, M. (Minna), Dudding-Byth, T. (Tracy), Richardson, A. (Anamaria), Hunt, D. (David), Hamilton, L. (Laura), Dyack, S. (Sarah), Mendelsohn, B. A. (Bryce A.), Rodriguez, N. (Nicolas), Sanchez-Martinez, R. (Rosario), Tenorio-Castano, J. (Jair), Nevado, J. (Julian), Lapunzina, P. (Pablo), Tirado, P. (Pilar), Rodrigues, M. C. (Maria-Teresa Carminho Amaro), Quteineh, L. (Lina), Innes, A. M. (A. Micheil), Kline, A. D. (Antonie D.), Au, P. Y. (P. Y. Billie), and Weksberg, R. (Rosanna)

Abstract

Au-Kline syndrome (AKS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with multiple malformations and a characteristic facial gestalt. The first individuals ascertained carried de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in HNRNPK. Here, we report 32 individuals with AKS (26 previously unpublished), including 13 with de novo missense variants. We propose new clinical diagnostic criteria for AKS that differentiate it from the clinically overlapping Kabuki syndrome and describe a significant phenotypic expansion to include individuals with missense variants who present with subtle facial features and few or no malformations. Many gene-specific DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures have been identified for neurodevelopmental syndromes. Because HNRNPK has roles in chromatin and epigenetic regulation, we hypothesized that pathogenic variants in HNRNPK may be associated with a specific DNAm signature. Here, we report a unique DNAm signature for AKS due to LoF HNRNPK variants, distinct from controls and Kabuki syndrome. This DNAm signature is also identified in some individuals with de novo HNRNPK missense variants, confirming their pathogenicity and the phenotypic expansion of AKS to include more subtle phenotypes. Furthermore, we report that some individuals with missense variants have an “intermediate” DNAm signature that parallels their milder clinical presentation, suggesting the presence of an epi-genotype phenotype correlation. In summary, the AKS DNAm signature may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of AKS. This DNAm signature also effectively supported clinical syndrome delineation and is a valuable aid for variant interpretation in individuals where a clinical diagnosis of AKS is unclear, particularly for mild presentations.

Published
2022

13. Using common genetic variation to examine phenotypic expression and risk prediction in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Author

Davies, R. W., Fiksinski, A. M., Breetvelt, E. J., Williams, N. M., Hooper, S. R., Monfeuga, T., Bassett, A. S., Owen, M. J., Gur, R. E., Morrow, B. E., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Swillen, A., Chow, E. W. C., van den Bree, M., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., van Amelsvoort, T., Arango, C., Armando, M., Campbell, L. E., Cubells, J. F., Eliez, S., Garcia-Minaur, S., Gothelf, D., Kates, W. R., Murphy, K. C., Murphy, C. M., Murphy, D. G., Philip, N., Repetto, G. M., Shashi, V., Simon, T. J., Suner, D. H., Vicari, Stefano, Scherer, S. W., Epstein, M. P., Warren, S. T., Morrison, S., Chawner, S., Vingerhoets, C., Breckpot, J., Vergaelen, E., Vogels, A., Monks, S., Prasad, S. E., Sandini, C., Schneider, M., Maeder, J., Fraguas, D., Evers, R., Tassone, F., Morey-Canyelles, J., Ousley, O. Y., Antshel, K. M., Fremont, W., Fritsch, R., Ornstein, C., Daly, E. M., Costain, G. A., Boot, E., Heung, T., Crowley, T. B., Zackai, E. H., Calkins, M. E., Gur, R. C., Mccabe, K. L., Busa, T., Schoch, K., Pontillo, M., Duijff, S. N., Kahn, R. S., Houben, Mariasofia, Kushan, L., Jalbrzikowski, M., Carmel, M., Mekori-Domachevsky, E., Michaelovsky, E., Weinberger, R., Bearden, C. E., Vorstman, J. A. S., Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de génétique médicale [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, and MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], INTELLIGENCE, Medical and Health Sciences, Cohort Studies, ddc:616.89, 0302 clinical medicine, Borderline intellectual functioning, Risk Factors, Intellectual disability, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, PREMORBID IQ, Cognitive decline, Aetiology, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Intelligence quotient, ABNORMALITIES, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Serious Mental Illness, Mental Health, Phenotype, Schizophrenia, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Cohort, Female, Clinical psychology, Adult, Psychosis, Adolescent, Immunology, behavioral disciplines and activities, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Settore MED/39 - NEUROPSICHIATRIA INFANTILE, PSYCHOSIS, Clinical Research, Intellectual Disability, Genetic variation, Behavioral and Social Science, mental disorders, medicine, Genetics, DiGeorge Syndrome, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Preschool, METAANALYSIS, International 22q11.2 Brain and Behavior Consortium, Aged, DECLINE, reliability, business.industry, Prevention, cognitive-development, Genetic Variation, PERFORMANCE, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, schizophrenia, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, business
Abstract

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a 20-25% risk of schizophrenia. In a cohort of 962 individuals with 22q11DS, we examined the shared genetic basis between schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related early trajectory phenotypes: sub-threshold symptoms of psychosis, low baseline intellectual functioning and cognitive decline. We studied the association of these phenotypes with two polygenic scores, derived for schizophrenia and intelligence, and evaluated their use for individual risk prediction in 22q11DS. Polygenic scores were not only associated with schizophrenia and baseline intelligence quotient (IQ), respectively, but schizophrenia polygenic score was also significantly associated with cognitive (verbal IQ) decline and nominally associated with sub-threshold psychosis. Furthermore, in comparing the tail-end deciles of the schizophrenia and IQ polygenic score distributions, 33% versus 9% of individuals with 22q11DS had schizophrenia, and 63% versus 24% of individuals had intellectual disability. Collectively, these data show a shared genetic basis for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related phenotypes and also highlight the future potential of polygenic scores for risk stratification among individuals with highly, but incompletely, penetrant genetic variants.Polygenic risk scores are nearing a level of differentiation required for their clinical utility in risk prediction in populations with high-risk rare pathogenic genetic variants.

Published
2020
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14. De novo variants in TCF7L2 are associated with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder

Author

Dias, C., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J.H.M., Boon, E.M., Hagen, J.M. van, Zwijnenburg, P., Weiss, M.M., Keren, B., Mignot, C., Isapof, A., Weiss, K., Hershkovitz, T., Iascone, M., Maitz, S., Feichtinger, R.G., Kotzot, D., Mayr, J.A., Ben-Omran, T., Mahmoud, L., Pais, L.S., Walsh, C.A., Shashi, V., Sullivan, J.A., Stong, N., Lecoquierre, F., Guerrot, A.M., Charollais, A., Rodan, L.H., Dias, C., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Schuurs-Hoeijmakers, J.H.M., Boon, E.M., Hagen, J.M. van, Zwijnenburg, P., Weiss, M.M., Keren, B., Mignot, C., Isapof, A., Weiss, K., Hershkovitz, T., Iascone, M., Maitz, S., Feichtinger, R.G., Kotzot, D., Mayr, J.A., Ben-Omran, T., Mahmoud, L., Pais, L.S., Walsh, C.A., Shashi, V., Sullivan, J.A., Stong, N., Lecoquierre, F., Guerrot, A.M., Charollais, A., and Rodan, L.H.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, TCF7L2 encodes transcription factor 7-like 2 (OMIM 602228), a key mediator of the evolutionary conserved canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Although several large-scale sequencing studies have implicated TCF7L2 in intellectual disability and autism, both the genetic mechanism and clinical phenotype have remained incompletely characterized. We present here a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic description of 11 individuals who have been identified to carry de novo variants in TCF7L2, both truncating and missense. Missense variation is clustered in or near a high mobility group box domain, involving this region in these variants' pathogenicity. All affected individuals present with developmental delays in childhood, but most ultimately achieved normal intelligence or had only mild intellectual disability. Myopia was present in approximately half of the individuals, and some individuals also possessed dysmorphic craniofacial features, orthopedic abnormalities, or neuropsychiatric comorbidities including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We thus present an initial clinical and genotypic spectrum associated with variation in TCF7L2, which will be important in informing both medical management and future research.

Published
2021

17. Partial Loss of USP9X Function Leads to a Male Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Disorder Converging on Transforming Growth Factor beta Signaling

Author

Johnson, B.V., Kumar, R., Oishi, S., Alexander, S., Kasherman, M., Vega, M.S., Ivancevic, A., Gardner, A., Domingo, D., Corbett, M., Parnell, E., Yoon, S., Oh, T., Lines, M., Lefroy, H., Kini, U., Allen, M., Gronborg, S., Mercier, S., Kury, S., Bezieau, S., Pasquier, L., Raynaud, M., Afenjar, A., Villemeur, T. Billette de, Keren, B., Desir, J., Maldergem, L. Van, Marangoni, M., Dikow, N., Koolen, D.A., VanHasselt, P.M., Weiss, M., Zwijnenburg, P., Sa, J., Reis, C.F., Lopez-Otin, C., Santiago-Fernandez, O., Fernandez-Jaen, A., Rauch, A., Steindl, K., Joset, P., Goldstein, A., Madan-Khetarpal, S., Infante, E., Zackai, E., McDougall, C., Narayanan, V., Ramsey, K., Mercimek-Andrews, S., Pena, L., Shashi, V., Schoch, K., Sullivan, J.A., Pinto, E.V.F., Pichurin, P.N., Ewing, S.A., Barnett, S.S., Klee, E.W., Perry, M.S., Koenig, M.K., Keegan, C.E., Schuette, J.L., Asher, S., Perilla-Young, Y., Smith, L.D., Rosenfeld, J.A., Bhoj, E., Kaplan, P., Li, D., Oegema, R., Binsbergen, E. van, Zwaag, B. van der, Smeland, M.F., Cutcutache, I., Page, M., Armstrong, M., Lin, A.E., Steeves, M.A., Hollander, N.D., Hoffer, M.J.V., Reijnders, M.R., Demirdas, S., Koboldt, D.C., Bartholomew, D., Mosher, T.M., Hickey, S.E., Shieh, C., Sanchez-Lara, P.A., Graham, J.M., Tezcan, K., Schaefer, G.B., Danylchuk, N.R., Asamoah, A., Jackson, K.E., Yachelevich, N., Au, M., Perez-Jurado, L.A., Kleefstra, T., Penzes, P., Gécz, J., Jolly, L.A., Johnson, B.V., Kumar, R., Oishi, S., Alexander, S., Kasherman, M., Vega, M.S., Ivancevic, A., Gardner, A., Domingo, D., Corbett, M., Parnell, E., Yoon, S., Oh, T., Lines, M., Lefroy, H., Kini, U., Allen, M., Gronborg, S., Mercier, S., Kury, S., Bezieau, S., Pasquier, L., Raynaud, M., Afenjar, A., Villemeur, T. Billette de, Keren, B., Desir, J., Maldergem, L. Van, Marangoni, M., Dikow, N., Koolen, D.A., VanHasselt, P.M., Weiss, M., Zwijnenburg, P., Sa, J., Reis, C.F., Lopez-Otin, C., Santiago-Fernandez, O., Fernandez-Jaen, A., Rauch, A., Steindl, K., Joset, P., Goldstein, A., Madan-Khetarpal, S., Infante, E., Zackai, E., McDougall, C., Narayanan, V., Ramsey, K., Mercimek-Andrews, S., Pena, L., Shashi, V., Schoch, K., Sullivan, J.A., Pinto, E.V.F., Pichurin, P.N., Ewing, S.A., Barnett, S.S., Klee, E.W., Perry, M.S., Koenig, M.K., Keegan, C.E., Schuette, J.L., Asher, S., Perilla-Young, Y., Smith, L.D., Rosenfeld, J.A., Bhoj, E., Kaplan, P., Li, D., Oegema, R., Binsbergen, E. van, Zwaag, B. van der, Smeland, M.F., Cutcutache, I., Page, M., Armstrong, M., Lin, A.E., Steeves, M.A., Hollander, N.D., Hoffer, M.J.V., Reijnders, M.R., Demirdas, S., Koboldt, D.C., Bartholomew, D., Mosher, T.M., Hickey, S.E., Shieh, C., Sanchez-Lara, P.A., Graham, J.M., Tezcan, K., Schaefer, G.B., Danylchuk, N.R., Asamoah, A., Jackson, K.E., Yachelevich, N., Au, M., Perez-Jurado, L.A., Kleefstra, T., Penzes, P., Gécz, J., and Jolly, L.A.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 218305.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUND: The X-chromosome gene USP9X encodes a deubiquitylating enzyme that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders primarily in female subjects. USP9X escapes X inactivation, and in female subjects de novo heterozygous copy number loss or truncating mutations cause haploinsufficiency culminating in a recognizable syndrome with intellectual disability and signature brain and congenital abnormalities. In contrast, the involvement of USP9X in male neurodevelopmental disorders remains tentative. METHODS: We used clinically recommended guidelines to collect and interrogate the pathogenicity of 44 USP9X variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in males. Functional studies in patient-derived cell lines and mice were used to determine mechanisms of pathology. RESULTS: Twelve missense variants showed strong evidence of pathogenicity. We define a characteristic phenotype of the central nervous system (white matter disturbances, thin corpus callosum, and widened ventricles); global delay with significant alteration of speech, language, and behavior; hypotonia; joint hypermobility; visual system defects; and other common congenital and dysmorphic features. Comparison of in silico and phenotypical features align additional variants of unknown significance with likely pathogenicity. In support of partial loss-of-function mechanisms, using patient-derived cell lines, we show loss of only specific USP9X substrates that regulate neurodevelopmental signaling pathways and a united defect in transforming growth factor beta signaling. In addition, we find correlates of the male phenotype in Usp9x brain-specific knockout mice, and further resolve loss of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the involvement of USP9X variants in a distinctive neurodevelopmental and behavioral syndrome in male subjects and identify plausible mechanisms of pathogenesis centered on disrupted transforming growth factor beta signaling and hi

Published
2020

18. Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion

Author

Cleynen, I., Engchuan, W., Hestand, M. S., Heung, T., Holleman, A. M., Johnston, H. R., Monfeuga, T., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Gur, R. E., Morrow, B. E., Swillen, A., Vorstman, J. A. S., Bearden, C. E., Chow, E. W. C., van den Bree, M., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., Warren, S. T., Owen, M. J., Chopra, P., Cutler, D. J., Duncan, R., Kotlar, A. V., Mulle, J. G., Voss, A. J., Zwick, M. E., Diacou, A., Golden, A., Guo, T., Lin, J. -R., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Yu Yang, Marshall, C., Merico, D., Jin, A., Lilley, B., Salmons, H. I., Tran, O., Holmans, P., Pardinas, A., Walters, J. T. R., Demaerel, W., Boot, E., Butcher, N. J., Costain, G. A., Lowther, C., Evers, R., van Amelsvoort, T. A. M. J., van Duin, E., Vingerhoets, C., Breckpot, J., Devriendt, K., Vergaelen, E., Vogels, A., Crowley, T. B., Mcginn, D. E., Moss, E. M., Sharkus, R. J., Unolt, M., Zackai, E. H., Calkins, M. E., Gallagher, R. S., Gur, R. C., Tang, S. X., Fritsch, R., Ornstein, C., Repetto, G. M., Breetvelt, E., Duijff, S. N., Fiksinski, A., Moss, H., Niarchou, M., Murphy, K. C., Prasad, S. E., Daly, E. M., Gudbrandsen, M., Murphy, C. M., Murphy, D. G., Buzzanca, A., Fabio, F. D., Digilio, M. C., Pontillo, M., Marino, B., Vicari, Stefano, Coleman, K., Cubells, J. F., Ousley, O. Y., Carmel, M., Gothelf, D., Mekori-Domachevsky, E., Michaelovsky, E., Weinberger, R., Weizman, A., Kushan, L., Jalbrzikowski, M., Armando, M., Eliez, S., Sandini, C., Schneider, M., Bena, F. S., Antshel, K. M., Fremont, W., Kates, W. R., Belzeaux, R., Busa, T., Philip, N., Campbell, L. E., Mccabe, K. L., Hooper, S. R., Schoch, K., Shashi, V., Simon, T. J., Tassone, F., Arango, C., Fraguas, D., Garcia-Minaur, S., Morey-Canyelles, J., Rosell, J., Suner, D. H., Raventos-Simic, J., Epstein, M. P., Williams, N. M., Bassett, A. S., Zhao Y., Vicari S. (ORCID:0000-0002-5395-2262), Cleynen, I., Engchuan, W., Hestand, M. S., Heung, T., Holleman, A. M., Johnston, H. R., Monfeuga, T., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Gur, R. E., Morrow, B. E., Swillen, A., Vorstman, J. A. S., Bearden, C. E., Chow, E. W. C., van den Bree, M., Emanuel, B. S., Vermeesch, J. R., Warren, S. T., Owen, M. J., Chopra, P., Cutler, D. J., Duncan, R., Kotlar, A. V., Mulle, J. G., Voss, A. J., Zwick, M. E., Diacou, A., Golden, A., Guo, T., Lin, J. -R., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Yu Yang, Marshall, C., Merico, D., Jin, A., Lilley, B., Salmons, H. I., Tran, O., Holmans, P., Pardinas, A., Walters, J. T. R., Demaerel, W., Boot, E., Butcher, N. J., Costain, G. A., Lowther, C., Evers, R., van Amelsvoort, T. A. M. J., van Duin, E., Vingerhoets, C., Breckpot, J., Devriendt, K., Vergaelen, E., Vogels, A., Crowley, T. B., Mcginn, D. E., Moss, E. M., Sharkus, R. J., Unolt, M., Zackai, E. H., Calkins, M. E., Gallagher, R. S., Gur, R. C., Tang, S. X., Fritsch, R., Ornstein, C., Repetto, G. M., Breetvelt, E., Duijff, S. N., Fiksinski, A., Moss, H., Niarchou, M., Murphy, K. C., Prasad, S. E., Daly, E. M., Gudbrandsen, M., Murphy, C. M., Murphy, D. G., Buzzanca, A., Fabio, F. D., Digilio, M. C., Pontillo, M., Marino, B., Vicari, Stefano, Coleman, K., Cubells, J. F., Ousley, O. Y., Carmel, M., Gothelf, D., Mekori-Domachevsky, E., Michaelovsky, E., Weinberger, R., Weizman, A., Kushan, L., Jalbrzikowski, M., Armando, M., Eliez, S., Sandini, C., Schneider, M., Bena, F. S., Antshel, K. M., Fremont, W., Kates, W. R., Belzeaux, R., Busa, T., Philip, N., Campbell, L. E., Mccabe, K. L., Hooper, S. R., Schoch, K., Shashi, V., Simon, T. J., Tassone, F., Arango, C., Fraguas, D., Garcia-Minaur, S., Morey-Canyelles, J., Rosell, J., Suner, D. H., Raventos-Simic, J., Epstein, M. P., Williams, N. M., Bassett, A. S., Zhao Y., and Vicari S. (ORCID:0000-0002-5395-2262)

Abstract

Schizophrenia occurs in about one in four individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The aim of this International Brain and Behavior 22q11.2DS Consortium (IBBC) study was to identify genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia, in addition to the ~20-fold increased risk conveyed by the 22q11.2 deletion. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 519 unrelated individuals with 22q11.2DS, we conducted genome-wide comparisons of common and rare variants between those with schizophrenia and those with no psychotic disorder at age ≥25 years. Available microarray data enabled direct comparison of polygenic risk for schizophrenia between 22q11.2DS and independent population samples with no 22q11.2 deletion, with and without schizophrenia (total n = 35,182). Polygenic risk for schizophrenia within 22q11.2DS was significantly greater for those with schizophrenia (padj = 6.73 × 10−6). Novel reciprocal case–control comparisons between the 22q11.2DS and population-based cohorts showed that polygenic risk score was significantly greater in individuals with psychotic illness, regardless of the presence of the 22q11.2 deletion. Within the 22q11.2DS cohort, results of gene-set analyses showed some support for rare variants affecting synaptic genes. No common or rare variants within the 22q11.2 deletion region were significantly associated with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that in addition to the deletion conferring a greatly increased risk to schizophrenia, the risk is higher when the 22q11.2 deletion and common polygenic risk factors that contribute to schizophrenia in the general population are both present.

Published
2020

21. Missense Variants in the Histone Acetyltransferase Complex Component Gene TRRAP Cause Autism and Syndromic Intellectual Disability

Author

Cogne, B., Ehresmann, S., Beauregard-Lacroix, E., Rousseau, J., Besnard, T., Garcia, T., Petrovski, S., Avni, S., McWalter, K., Blackburn, P.R., Sanders, S.J., Uguen, K., Harris, J., Cohen, J.S., Blyth, M., Lehman, A., Berg, J ., Li, M.H., Kini, U., Joss, S., Lippe, C., Gordon, C.T., Humberson, J.B., Robak, L., Scott, D.A., Sutton, V.R., Skraban, C.M., Johnston, J.J., Poduri, A., Nordenskjold, M., Shashi, V., Gerkes, E.H., Bongers, E.M.H.F., Gilissen, C.F., Zarate, Y.A., Kvarnung, M., Lally, K.P., Kulch, P.A., Daniels, B., Hernandez-Garcia, A., Stong, N., McGaughran, J., Retterer, K., Tveten, K., Sullivan, J., Geisheker, M.R., Stray-Pedersen, A., Tarpinian, J.M., Klee, E.W., Sapp, J.C., Zyskind, J., Holla, O.L., Bedoukian, E., Filippini, F., Guimier, A., Picard, A., Busk, O.L., Punetha, J., Pfundt, R.P., Lindstrand, A., Nordgren, A., Kalb, F., Desai, M., Ebanks, A.H., Jhangiani, S.N., Dewan, T., Akdemir, Z.H. Coban, Telegrafi, A., Zackai, E.H., Begtrup, A., Song, X., Toutain, A., Wentzensen, I.M., Odent, S., Bonneau, D., Latypova, X., Deb, W., Redon, S., Bilan, F., Legendre, M., Troyer, C., Whitlock, K., Caluseriu, O., Murphree, M.I., Pichurin, P.N., Agre, K., Gavrilova, R., Rinne, T.K., Park, M., Shain, C., Heinzen, E.L., Xiao, R., Amiel, J., Lyonnet, S., Isidor, B., Biesecker, L.G., Lowenstein, D., Posey, J.E., Denomme-Pichon, A.S., Ferec, C., et al., Cogne, B., Ehresmann, S., Beauregard-Lacroix, E., Rousseau, J., Besnard, T., Garcia, T., Petrovski, S., Avni, S., McWalter, K., Blackburn, P.R., Sanders, S.J., Uguen, K., Harris, J., Cohen, J.S., Blyth, M., Lehman, A., Berg, J ., Li, M.H., Kini, U., Joss, S., Lippe, C., Gordon, C.T., Humberson, J.B., Robak, L., Scott, D.A., Sutton, V.R., Skraban, C.M., Johnston, J.J., Poduri, A., Nordenskjold, M., Shashi, V., Gerkes, E.H., Bongers, E.M.H.F., Gilissen, C.F., Zarate, Y.A., Kvarnung, M., Lally, K.P., Kulch, P.A., Daniels, B., Hernandez-Garcia, A., Stong, N., McGaughran, J., Retterer, K., Tveten, K., Sullivan, J., Geisheker, M.R., Stray-Pedersen, A., Tarpinian, J.M., Klee, E.W., Sapp, J.C., Zyskind, J., Holla, O.L., Bedoukian, E., Filippini, F., Guimier, A., Picard, A., Busk, O.L., Punetha, J., Pfundt, R.P., Lindstrand, A., Nordgren, A., Kalb, F., Desai, M., Ebanks, A.H., Jhangiani, S.N., Dewan, T., Akdemir, Z.H. Coban, Telegrafi, A., Zackai, E.H., Begtrup, A., Song, X., Toutain, A., Wentzensen, I.M., Odent, S., Bonneau, D., Latypova, X., Deb, W., Redon, S., Bilan, F., Legendre, M., Troyer, C., Whitlock, K., Caluseriu, O., Murphree, M.I., Pichurin, P.N., Agre, K., Gavrilova, R., Rinne, T.K., Park, M., Shain, C., Heinzen, E.L., Xiao, R., Amiel, J., Lyonnet, S., Isidor, B., Biesecker, L.G., Lowenstein, D., Posey, J.E., Denomme-Pichon, A.S., and Ferec, C., et al.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 202928.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Acetylation of the lysine residues in histones and other DNA-binding proteins plays a major role in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. This process is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs/KATs) found in multiprotein complexes that are recruited to chromatin by the scaffolding subunit transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP). TRRAP is evolutionarily conserved and is among the top five genes intolerant to missense variation. Through an international collaboration, 17 distinct de novo or apparently de novo variants were identified in TRRAP in 24 individuals. A strong genotype-phenotype correlation was observed with two distinct clinical spectra. The first is a complex, multi-systemic syndrome associated with various malformations of the brain, heart, kidneys, and genitourinary system and characterized by a wide range of intellectual functioning; a number of affected individuals have intellectual disability (ID) and markedly impaired basic life functions. Individuals with this phenotype had missense variants clustering around the c.3127G>A p.(Ala1043Thr) variant identified in five individuals. The second spectrum manifested with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or ID and epilepsy. Facial dysmorphism was seen in both groups and included upslanted palpebral fissures, epicanthus, telecanthus, a wide nasal bridge and ridge, a broad and smooth philtrum, and a thin upper lip. RNA sequencing analysis of skin fibroblasts derived from affected individuals skin fibroblasts showed significant changes in the expression of several genes implicated in neuronal function and ion transport. Thus, we describe here the clinical spectrum associated with TRRAP pathogenic missense variants, and we suggest a genotype-phenotype correlation useful for clinical evaluation of the pathogenicity of the variants.

Published
2019

22. Expanding the Spectrum of BAF-Related Disorders: De Novo Variants in SMARCC2 Cause a Syndrome with Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay

Author

Machol, K., Rousseau, J., Ehresmann, S., Garcia, T., Nguyen, T.T.M., Spillmann, R.C., Sullivan, J.A., Shashi, V., Jiang, Y.H., Stong, N., Fiala, E., Willing, M., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Cho, M.T., McLaughlin, H., Piera, M. Rosello, Orellana, C., Martinez, F., Caro-Llopis, A., Monfort, S., Roscioli, T., Nixon, C.Y., Buckley, M.F., Turner, A., Jones, W.D., Hasselt, P.M. van, Hofstede, F.C., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Brooks, A.S., Slegtenhorst, M.A. van, Lachlan, K., Sebastian, J., Madan-Khetarpal, S., Sonal, D., Sakkubai, N., Thevenon, J., Faivre, L., Maurel, A., Petrovski, S., Krantz, I.D., Tarpinian, J.M., Rosenfeld, J.A., Lee, B.H., Campeau, P.M., Machol, K., Rousseau, J., Ehresmann, S., Garcia, T., Nguyen, T.T.M., Spillmann, R.C., Sullivan, J.A., Shashi, V., Jiang, Y.H., Stong, N., Fiala, E., Willing, M., Pfundt, R.P., Kleefstra, T., Cho, M.T., McLaughlin, H., Piera, M. Rosello, Orellana, C., Martinez, F., Caro-Llopis, A., Monfort, S., Roscioli, T., Nixon, C.Y., Buckley, M.F., Turner, A., Jones, W.D., Hasselt, P.M. van, Hofstede, F.C., Gassen, K.L.I. van, Brooks, A.S., Slegtenhorst, M.A. van, Lachlan, K., Sebastian, J., Madan-Khetarpal, S., Sonal, D., Sakkubai, N., Thevenon, J., Faivre, L., Maurel, A., Petrovski, S., Krantz, I.D., Tarpinian, J.M., Rosenfeld, J.A., Lee, B.H., and Campeau, P.M.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 202800.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), SMARCC2 (BAF170) is one of the invariable core subunits of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling BAF (BRG1-associated factor) complex and plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and corticogenesis. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding other components of the BAF complex have been associated with intellectual disability syndromes. Despite its significant biological role, variants in SMARCC2 have not been directly associated with human disease previously. Using whole-exome sequencing and a web-based gene-matching program, we identified 15 individuals with variable degrees of neurodevelopmental delay and growth retardation harboring one of 13 heterozygous variants in SMARCC2, most of them novel and proven de novo. The clinical presentation overlaps with intellectual disability syndromes associated with other BAF subunits, such as Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes and includes prominent speech impairment, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic features such as hypertrichosis, thick eyebrows, thin upper lip vermilion, and upturned nose. Nine out of the fifteen individuals harbor variants in the highly conserved SMARCC2 DNA-interacting domains (SANT and SWIRM) and present with a more severe phenotype. Two of these individuals present cardiac abnormalities. Transcriptomic analysis of fibroblasts from affected individuals highlights a group of differentially expressed genes with possible roles in regulation of neuronal development and function, namely H19, SCRG1, RELN, and CACNB4. Our findings suggest a novel SMARCC2-related syndrome that overlaps with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with variants in BAF-complex subunits.

Published
2019

23. Autism and developmental disability caused by KCNQ3 gain-of-function variants

Author

Sands, TT, Miceli, F, Lesca, G, Beck, AE, Sadleir, LG, Arrington, DK, Schonewolf-Greulich, B, Moutton, S, Lauritano, A, Nappi, P, Soldovieri, MV, Scheffer, IE, Mefford, HC, Stong, N, Heinzen, EL, Goldstein, DB, Perez, AG, Kossoff, EH, Stocco, A, Sullivan, JA, Shashi, V, Gerard, B, Francannet, C, Bisgaard, A-M, Tumer, Z, Willems, M, Rivier, F, Vitobello, A, Thakkar, K, Rajan, DS, Barkovich, AJ, Weckhuysen, S, Cooper, EC, Taglialatela, M, Cilio, MR, Sands, TT, Miceli, F, Lesca, G, Beck, AE, Sadleir, LG, Arrington, DK, Schonewolf-Greulich, B, Moutton, S, Lauritano, A, Nappi, P, Soldovieri, MV, Scheffer, IE, Mefford, HC, Stong, N, Heinzen, EL, Goldstein, DB, Perez, AG, Kossoff, EH, Stocco, A, Sullivan, JA, Shashi, V, Gerard, B, Francannet, C, Bisgaard, A-M, Tumer, Z, Willems, M, Rivier, F, Vitobello, A, Thakkar, K, Rajan, DS, Barkovich, AJ, Weckhuysen, S, Cooper, EC, Taglialatela, M, and Cilio, MR

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Recent reports have described single individuals with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) harboring heterozygous KCNQ3 de novo variants (DNVs). We sought to assess whether pathogenic variants in KCNQ3 cause NDD and to elucidate the associated phenotype and molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Patients with NDD and KCNQ3 DNVs were identified through an international collaboration. Phenotypes were characterized by clinical assessment, review of charts, electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, and parental interview. Functional consequences of variants were analyzed in vitro by patch-clamp recording. RESULTS: Eleven patients were assessed. They had recurrent heterozygous DNVs in KCNQ3 affecting residues R230 (R230C, R230H, R230S) and R227 (R227Q). All patients exhibited global developmental delay within the first 2 years of life. Most (8/11, 73%) were nonverbal or had a few words only. All patients had autistic features, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was diagnosed in 5 of 11 (45%). EEGs performed before 10 years of age revealed frequent sleep-activated multifocal epileptiform discharges in 8 of 11 (73%). For 6 of 9 (67%) recorded between 1.5 and 6 years of age, spikes became near-continuous during sleep. Interestingly, most patients (9/11, 82%) did not have seizures, and no patient had seizures in the neonatal period. Voltage-clamp recordings of the mutant KCNQ3 channels revealed gain-of-function (GoF) effects. INTERPRETATION: Specific GoF variants in KCNQ3 cause NDD, ASD, and abundant sleep-activated spikes. This new phenotype contrasts both with self-limited neonatal epilepsy due to KCNQ3 partial loss of function, and with the neonatal or infantile onset epileptic encephalopathies due to KCNQ2 GoF. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:181-192.

Published
2019

24. Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disease associated with the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate-binding region

Author

Kelly, M, Park, M, Mihalek, I, Rochtus, A, Gramm, M, Perez-Palma, E, Axeen, ET, Hung, CY, Olson, H, Swanson, L, Anselm, I, Briere, LC, High, FA, Sweetser, DA, Kayani, S, Snyder, M, Calvert, S, Scheffer, IE, Yang, E, Waugh, JL, Lal, D, Bodamer, O, Poduri, A, Adams, DR, Aday, A, Alejandro, ME, Allard, P, Ashley, EA, Azamian, MS, Bacino, CA, Baker, E, Balasubramanyam, A, Barseghyan, H, Batzli, GF, Beggs, AH, Behnam, B, Bellen, HJ, Bernstein, JA, Bican, A, Bick, DP, Birch, CL, Bonner, D, Boone, BE, Bostwick, BL, Brokamp, E, Brown, DM, Brush, M, Burke, EA, Burrage, LC, Butte, MJ, Chen, S, Clark, GD, Coakley, TR, Cogan, JD, Colley, HA, Cooper, CM, Cope, H, Craigen, WJ, D'Souza, P, Davids, M, Davidson, JM, Dayal, JG, Dell'Angelica, EC, Dhar, SU, Dipple, KM, Donnell-Fink, LA, Dorrani, N, Dorset, DC, Douine, ED, Draper, DD, Dries, AM, Eckstein, DJ, Emrick, LT, Eng, CM, Enns, G-GM, Eskin, A, Esteves, C, Estwick, T, Fairbrother, L, Fernandez, L, Ferreira, C, Fieg, EL, Fisher, PG, Fogel, BL, Friedman, ND, Gahl, WA, Glanton, E, Godfrey, RA, Goldman, AM, Goldstein, DB, Gould, SE, Gourdine, J-PF, Groden, CA, Gropman, AL, Haendel, M, Hamid, R, Hanchard, NA, High, F, Holm, IA, Horn, J, Howerton, EM, Huang, Y, Jamal, F, Jiang, Y-H, Johnston, JM, Jones, AL, Karaviti, L, Koeller, DM, Kohane, IS, Kohler, JN, Konick, S, Koziura, M, Krasnewich, DM, Krier, JB, Kyle, JE, Lalani, SR, Lau, CC, Lazar, J, LeBlanc, K, Lee, BH, Lee, H, Levy, SE, Lewis, RA, Lincoln, SA, Loo, SK, Loscalzo, J, Maas, RL, Macnamara, EF, MacRae, CA, Maduro, VV, Majch-erska, MM, Malicdan, MC, Mamounas, LA, Manolio, TA, Markello, TC, Marom, R, Martin, MG, Martinez-Agosto, JA, Mar-waha, S, May, T, McConkie-Rosell, A, McCormack, CE, McCray, AF, Merker, JD, Metz, TO, Might, M, Moretti, PM, Morimoto, M, Mulvihill, JJ, Murdock, DR, Murphy, JL, Muzny, DM, Nehrebecky, ME, Nelson, SF, Newberry, JS, Newman, JH, Nicholas, SK, Novacic, D, Orange, JS, Orengo, JP, Pallais, JC, Palmer, CGS, Papp, JC, Parker, NH, Pena, LDM, Phillips, JA, Posey, JE, Postlethwait, JH, Potocki, L, Pusey, BN, Reuter, CM, Rives, L, Robertson, AK, Rodan, LH, Rosenfeld, JA, Sampson, JB, Samson, SL, Schoch, K, Scott, DA, Shakachite, L, Sharma, P, Shashi, V, Signer, R, Silverman, EK, Sinsheimer, JS, Smith, KS, Spillmann, RC, Stoler, JM, Stong, N, Sullivan, JA, Tan, QK-G, Tifft, CJ, Toro, C, Tran, AA, Urv, TK, Vilain, E, Vogel, TP, Waggott, DM, Wahl, CE, Walker, M, Walley, NM, Walsh, CA, Wan, J, Wangler, MF, Ward, PA, Waters, KM, Webb-Robertson, B-JM, Westerfield, M, Wheeler, MT, Wise, AL, Wolfe, LA, Worthey, EA, Yamamoto, S, Yang, Y, Yoon, AJ, Yu, G, Zastrow, DB, Zhao, C, Zheng, A, Kelly, M, Park, M, Mihalek, I, Rochtus, A, Gramm, M, Perez-Palma, E, Axeen, ET, Hung, CY, Olson, H, Swanson, L, Anselm, I, Briere, LC, High, FA, Sweetser, DA, Kayani, S, Snyder, M, Calvert, S, Scheffer, IE, Yang, E, Waugh, JL, Lal, D, Bodamer, O, Poduri, A, Adams, DR, Aday, A, Alejandro, ME, Allard, P, Ashley, EA, Azamian, MS, Bacino, CA, Baker, E, Balasubramanyam, A, Barseghyan, H, Batzli, GF, Beggs, AH, Behnam, B, Bellen, HJ, Bernstein, JA, Bican, A, Bick, DP, Birch, CL, Bonner, D, Boone, BE, Bostwick, BL, Brokamp, E, Brown, DM, Brush, M, Burke, EA, Burrage, LC, Butte, MJ, Chen, S, Clark, GD, Coakley, TR, Cogan, JD, Colley, HA, Cooper, CM, Cope, H, Craigen, WJ, D'Souza, P, Davids, M, Davidson, JM, Dayal, JG, Dell'Angelica, EC, Dhar, SU, Dipple, KM, Donnell-Fink, LA, Dorrani, N, Dorset, DC, Douine, ED, Draper, DD, Dries, AM, Eckstein, DJ, Emrick, LT, Eng, CM, Enns, G-GM, Eskin, A, Esteves, C, Estwick, T, Fairbrother, L, Fernandez, L, Ferreira, C, Fieg, EL, Fisher, PG, Fogel, BL, Friedman, ND, Gahl, WA, Glanton, E, Godfrey, RA, Goldman, AM, Goldstein, DB, Gould, SE, Gourdine, J-PF, Groden, CA, Gropman, AL, Haendel, M, Hamid, R, Hanchard, NA, High, F, Holm, IA, Horn, J, Howerton, EM, Huang, Y, Jamal, F, Jiang, Y-H, Johnston, JM, Jones, AL, Karaviti, L, Koeller, DM, Kohane, IS, Kohler, JN, Konick, S, Koziura, M, Krasnewich, DM, Krier, JB, Kyle, JE, Lalani, SR, Lau, CC, Lazar, J, LeBlanc, K, Lee, BH, Lee, H, Levy, SE, Lewis, RA, Lincoln, SA, Loo, SK, Loscalzo, J, Maas, RL, Macnamara, EF, MacRae, CA, Maduro, VV, Majch-erska, MM, Malicdan, MC, Mamounas, LA, Manolio, TA, Markello, TC, Marom, R, Martin, MG, Martinez-Agosto, JA, Mar-waha, S, May, T, McConkie-Rosell, A, McCormack, CE, McCray, AF, Merker, JD, Metz, TO, Might, M, Moretti, PM, Morimoto, M, Mulvihill, JJ, Murdock, DR, Murphy, JL, Muzny, DM, Nehrebecky, ME, Nelson, SF, Newberry, JS, Newman, JH, Nicholas, SK, Novacic, D, Orange, JS, Orengo, JP, Pallais, JC, Palmer, CGS, Papp, JC, Parker, NH, Pena, LDM, Phillips, JA, Posey, JE, Postlethwait, JH, Potocki, L, Pusey, BN, Reuter, CM, Rives, L, Robertson, AK, Rodan, LH, Rosenfeld, JA, Sampson, JB, Samson, SL, Schoch, K, Scott, DA, Shakachite, L, Sharma, P, Shashi, V, Signer, R, Silverman, EK, Sinsheimer, JS, Smith, KS, Spillmann, RC, Stoler, JM, Stong, N, Sullivan, JA, Tan, QK-G, Tifft, CJ, Toro, C, Tran, AA, Urv, TK, Vilain, E, Vogel, TP, Waggott, DM, Wahl, CE, Walker, M, Walley, NM, Walsh, CA, Wan, J, Wangler, MF, Ward, PA, Waters, KM, Webb-Robertson, B-JM, Westerfield, M, Wheeler, MT, Wise, AL, Wolfe, LA, Worthey, EA, Yamamoto, S, Yang, Y, Yoon, AJ, Yu, G, Zastrow, DB, Zhao, C, and Zheng, A

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phenotypic spectrum associated with GNAO1 variants and establish genotype-protein structure-phenotype relationships. METHODS: We evaluated the phenotypes of 14 patients with GNAO1 variants, analyzed their variants for potential pathogenicity, and mapped them, along with those in the literature, on a three-dimensional structural protein model. RESULTS: The 14 patients in our cohort, including one sibling pair, had 13 distinct, heterozygous GNAO1 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We attributed the same variant in two siblings to parental mosaicism. Patients initially presented with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life (8/14), developmental delay (4/14), hypotonia (1/14), or movement disorder (1/14). All patients had hypotonia and developmental delay ranging from mild to severe. Nine had epilepsy, and nine had movement disorders, including dystonia, ataxia, chorea, and dyskinesia. The 13 GNAO1 variants in our patients are predicted to result in amino acid substitutions or deletions in the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding region, analogous to those in previous publications. Patients with variants affecting amino acids 207-221 had only movement disorder and hypotonia. Patients with variants affecting the C-terminal region had the mildest phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE: GNAO1 encephalopathy most frequently presents with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life. Concurrent movement disorders are also a prominent feature in the spectrum of GNAO1 encephalopathy. All variants affected the GTP-binding domain of GNAO1, highlighting the importance of this region for G-protein signaling and neurodevelopment.

Published
2019

25. Loss of tubulin deglutamylase CCP1 causes infantile-onset neurodegeneration

Author

Shashi, V., Magiera, M.M., Klein, D., Zaki, M., Schoch, K., Rudnik-Schoneborn, S., Norman, A., Neto, O. Abath, Dusl, M., Yuan, X., Bartesaghi, L., Marco, P. De, Alfares, A.A., Marom, R., Arold, Stefan T., Guzman-Vega, F.J., Pena, L.D., Smith, E.C., Steinlin, M., Babiker, M.O., Mohassel, P., Foley, A.R., Donkervoort, S., Kaur, R., Ghosh, P.S., Stanley, V., Musaev, D., Nava, C., Mignot, C., Keren, B., Scala, M., Tassano, E., Picco, P., Doneda, P., Fiorillo, C., Issa, M.Y., Alassiri, A., Alahmad, A., Gerard, A., Liu, P, Yang, Y., Ertl-Wagner, B., Kranz, P.G., Wentzensen, I.M., Stucka, R., Stong, N., Allen, A.S., Goldstein, D.B, Schoser, B., Rosler, K.M., Alfadhel, M., Capra, V., Chrast, R., Strom, T.M., Kamsteeg, E.J., Bonnemann, C.G., Gleeson, J.G., Martini, R., Janke, C., Senderek, J., Shashi, V., Magiera, M.M., Klein, D., Zaki, M., Schoch, K., Rudnik-Schoneborn, S., Norman, A., Neto, O. Abath, Dusl, M., Yuan, X., Bartesaghi, L., Marco, P. De, Alfares, A.A., Marom, R., Arold, Stefan T., Guzman-Vega, F.J., Pena, L.D., Smith, E.C., Steinlin, M., Babiker, M.O., Mohassel, P., Foley, A.R., Donkervoort, S., Kaur, R., Ghosh, P.S., Stanley, V., Musaev, D., Nava, C., Mignot, C., Keren, B., Scala, M., Tassano, E., Picco, P., Doneda, P., Fiorillo, C., Issa, M.Y., Alassiri, A., Alahmad, A., Gerard, A., Liu, P, Yang, Y., Ertl-Wagner, B., Kranz, P.G., Wentzensen, I.M., Stucka, R., Stong, N., Allen, A.S., Goldstein, D.B, Schoser, B., Rosler, K.M., Alfadhel, M., Capra, V., Chrast, R., Strom, T.M., Kamsteeg, E.J., Bonnemann, C.G., Gleeson, J.G., Martini, R., Janke, C., and Senderek, J.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, A set of glutamylases and deglutamylases controls levels of tubulin polyglutamylation, a prominent post-translational modification of neuronal microtubules. Defective tubulin polyglutamylation was first linked to neurodegeneration in the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mouse, which lacks deglutamylase CCP1, displays massive cerebellar atrophy, and accumulates abnormally glutamylated tubulin in degenerating neurons. We found biallelic rare and damaging variants in the gene encoding CCP1 in 13 individuals with infantile-onset neurodegeneration and confirmed the absence of functional CCP1 along with dysregulated tubulin polyglutamylation. The human disease mainly affected the cerebellum, spinal motor neurons, and peripheral nerves. We also demonstrate previously unrecognized peripheral nerve and spinal motor neuron degeneration in pcd mice, which thus recapitulated key features of the human disease. Our findings link human neurodegeneration to tubulin polyglutamylation, entailing this post-translational modification as a potential target for drug development for neurodegenerative disorders.

Published
2018

26. Dose-dependent expression of claudin-5 is a modifying factor in schizophrenia

Author

Greene, C, primary, Kealy, J, additional, Humphries, M M, additional, Gong, Y, additional, Hou, J, additional, Hudson, N, additional, Cassidy, L M, additional, Martiniano, R, additional, Shashi, V, additional, Hooper, S R, additional, Grant, G A, additional, Kenna, P F, additional, Norris, K, additional, Callaghan, C K, additional, Islam, M dN, additional, O’Mara, S M, additional, Najda, Z, additional, Campbell, S G, additional, Pachter, J S, additional, Thomas, J, additional, Williams, N M, additional, Humphries, P, additional, Murphy, K C, additional, and Campbell, M, additional

Published
2017
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27. Establishment of ELISA for murrel vitellogenin and choriogenin, as biomarkers of potential endocrine disruption

Author

Om Prakash, Neeta Sehgal, and Shashi V. Goswami

Subjects
Male, Physiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Peptide, Endocrine Disruptors, Biology, Toxicology, Immunofluorescence, Sensitivity and Specificity, Biochemistry, Vitellogenins, Vitellogenin, medicine, Animals, Protein Precursors, chemistry.chemical_classification, Antiserum, Estradiol, medicine.diagnostic_test, Molecular mass, Egg Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Blood proteins, Molecular biology, Perciformes, Blot, chemistry, Polyclonal antibodies, biology.protein, Biological Assay, Female, Biomarkers, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Vitellogenin (Vg) and choriogenin (Chg) are sensitive biomarkers for testing endocrine disruption in fish. Therefore, we have developed immunoassays for Vg and Chg in the Indian freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus. Vg is a known precursor of egg-yolk proteins, whereas Chg contributes to the formation of egg-envelope. Vg and Chg were induced in male murrel by administration of estradiol-17beta. Chg had an apparent native molecular mass of 180 kDa. It consisted of a single peptide with a molecular mass of 110 kDa, whereas native Vg protein (530 kDa) contained 175 kDa peptide. Highly specific polyclonal antibodies against purified plasma proteins, Vg and Chg, were employed for developing competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The sensitivity of Vg assay was 3.9 ng/mL (working range 15-500 ng/mL) and of Chg assay was 1.56 ng/mL (working range 6-200 ng/mL). The inter- and intra-assay variations were well within acceptable limits. The two antisera did not cross-react with male plasma proteins. Antiserum to Vg did not cross-react with Chg. Similarly, antiserum to Chg showed no correlation with Vg. Further, immunofluorescence and Western blotting confirmed the specificity of Vg and Chg antisera.

Published
2007
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28. De Novo Truncating Variants in ASXL2 Are Associated with a Unique and Recognizable Clinical Phenotype [Correction]

Author

Shashi, V., Pena, L.D., Kim, K., Burton, B., Hempel, M., Schoch, K., Walkiewicz, M., McLaughlin, H.M., Cho, M, Stong, N., Hickey, S.E., Shuss, C.M., Freemark, M.S., Bellet, J.S., Keels, M.A., Bonner, M.J., El-Dairi, M., Butler, M, Kranz, P.G., Stumpel, C.T., Klinkenberg, S., Oberndorff, K., Alawi, M., Santer, R., Petrovski, S., Kuismin, O., Korpi-Heikkila, S., Pietilainen, O., Aarno, P., Kurki, M.I., Hoischen, A., Need, A.C., Goldstein, D.B, Kortum, F., Shashi, V., Pena, L.D., Kim, K., Burton, B., Hempel, M., Schoch, K., Walkiewicz, M., McLaughlin, H.M., Cho, M, Stong, N., Hickey, S.E., Shuss, C.M., Freemark, M.S., Bellet, J.S., Keels, M.A., Bonner, M.J., El-Dairi, M., Butler, M, Kranz, P.G., Stumpel, C.T., Klinkenberg, S., Oberndorff, K., Alawi, M., Santer, R., Petrovski, S., Kuismin, O., Korpi-Heikkila, S., Pietilainen, O., Aarno, P., Kurki, M.I., Hoischen, A., Need, A.C., Goldstein, D.B, and Kortum, F.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 170308.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Published
2017

32. Vasomotor Instability in Chromosome 22q11 deletion

Author

Shashi, V., Berry, M.N, and Hines, M.H

Subjects
Human genetics -- Research, Genetic disorders -- Research, Dysautonomia -- Genetic aspects, Chromosome deletion -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Published
2001

35. A tale worth telling: the impact of the diagnosis experience on disclosure of genetic disorders: Impact of the diagnosis experience on disclosure

Author

Morad, O., Zalevsky, M., Gothelf, D., Hooper, S. R., Campbell, L. E., Shashi, V., Goodwin, J., and Schoch, K.

Abstract

Research suggests children with genetic disorders exhibit greater coping skills when they are aware of their condition and its heritability. While the experiences parents have at diagnosis may influence their decision to disclose the diagnosis to their children, there is little research into this communication. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between the diagnosis experience and the disclosure experience for parents of children with intellectual disabilities; with a child affected by 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) compared to a group of parents with children affected with other genetic diagnoses, with a similar age of diagnosis (e.g., Fragile X syndrome) and a group where diagnosis generally occurs early (i.e., Down syndrome).

Published
2015
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36. No evidence for the presence of genetic variants predisposing to psychotic disorders on the non-deleted 22q11.2 allele of VCFS patients

Author

Guipponi, M, primary, Santoni, F, additional, Schneider, M, additional, Gehrig, C, additional, Bustillo, X B, additional, Kates, W R, additional, Morrow, B, additional, Armando, M, additional, Vicari, S, additional, Sloan-Béna, F, additional, Gagnebin, M, additional, Shashi, V, additional, Hooper, S R, additional, Eliez, S, additional, and Antonarakis, S E, additional

Published
2017
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37. De Novo Mutations in SON Disrupt RNA Splicing of Genes Essential for Brain Development and Metabolism, Causing an Intellectual-Disability Syndrome

Author

Kim, J.H., Shinde, D.N., Reijnders, M.R.F., Hauser, N.S., Belmonte, R.L., Wilson, G.R., Bosch, D.G.M., Bubulya, P.A., Shashi, V., Petrovski, S., Stone, J.K., Park, E.Y., Veltman, J.A., Sinnema, M., Stumpel, C.T., Draaisma, J.M., Nicolai, J., Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K., Vries, B.B. de, Jewett, T., Santoro, S.L., Vogt, J., Bachman, K.K., Seeley, A.H., Krokosky, A., Turner, C., Rohena, L., Hempel, M., Kortum, F., Lessel, D., Neu, A., Strom, T.M., Wieczorek, D., Bramswig, N., Laccone, F.A., Behunova, J., Rehder, H., Gordon, C.T., Rio, M. del, Romana, S., Tang, S., El-Khechen, D., Cho, M.T., McWalter, K., Douglas, G., Baskin, B., Begtrup, A., Funari, T., Schoch, K., Stegmann, A.P., Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.E., Traver, D., Yao, X., MacArthur, D.G., Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M., Myers, R.M., Owen, L.B., Lim, S.T., Stachura, D.L., Vissers, L.E.L.M., Ahn, E.Y., Kim, J.H., Shinde, D.N., Reijnders, M.R.F., Hauser, N.S., Belmonte, R.L., Wilson, G.R., Bosch, D.G.M., Bubulya, P.A., Shashi, V., Petrovski, S., Stone, J.K., Park, E.Y., Veltman, J.A., Sinnema, M., Stumpel, C.T., Draaisma, J.M., Nicolai, J., Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K., Vries, B.B. de, Jewett, T., Santoro, S.L., Vogt, J., Bachman, K.K., Seeley, A.H., Krokosky, A., Turner, C., Rohena, L., Hempel, M., Kortum, F., Lessel, D., Neu, A., Strom, T.M., Wieczorek, D., Bramswig, N., Laccone, F.A., Behunova, J., Rehder, H., Gordon, C.T., Rio, M. del, Romana, S., Tang, S., El-Khechen, D., Cho, M.T., McWalter, K., Douglas, G., Baskin, B., Begtrup, A., Funari, T., Schoch, K., Stegmann, A.P., Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.E., Traver, D., Yao, X., MacArthur, D.G., Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M., Myers, R.M., Owen, L.B., Lim, S.T., Stachura, D.L., Vissers, L.E.L.M., and Ahn, E.Y.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, The overall understanding of the molecular etiologies of intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay (DD) is increasing as next-generation sequencing technologies identify genetic variants in individuals with such disorders. However, detailed analyses conclusively confirming these variants, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms explaining the diseases, are often lacking. Here, we report on an ID syndrome caused by de novo heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in SON. The syndrome is characterized by ID and/or DD, malformations of the cerebral cortex, epilepsy, vision problems, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. Knockdown of son in zebrafish resulted in severe malformation of the spine, brain, and eyes. Importantly, analyses of RNA from affected individuals revealed that genes critical for neuronal migration and cortex organization (TUBG1, FLNA, PNKP, WDR62, PSMD3, and HDAC6) and metabolism (PCK2, PFKL, IDH2, ACY1, and ADA) are significantly downregulated because of the accumulation of mis-spliced transcripts resulting from erroneous SON-mediated RNA splicing. Our data highlight SON as a master regulator governing neurodevelopment and demonstrate the importance of SON-mediated RNA splicing in human development.

Published
2016

38. De Novo Truncating Variants in ASXL2 Are Associated with a Unique and Recognizable Clinical Phenotype

Author

Shashi, V., Pena, L.D., Kim, K., Burton, B., Hempel, M., Schoch, K., Walkiewicz, M., McLaughlin, H.M., Cho, M, Stong, N., Hickey, S.E., Shuss, C.M., Freemark, M.S., Bellet, J.S., Keels, M.A., Bonner, M.J., El-Dairi, M., Butler, M, Kranz, P.G., Stumpel, C.T., Klinkenberg, S., Oberndorff, K., Alawi, M., Santer, R., Petrovski, S., Kuismin, O., Korpi-Heikkila, S., Pietilainen, O., Aarno, P., Kurki, M.I., Hoischen, A., Need, A.C., Goldstein, D.B, Kortum, F., Shashi, V., Pena, L.D., Kim, K., Burton, B., Hempel, M., Schoch, K., Walkiewicz, M., McLaughlin, H.M., Cho, M, Stong, N., Hickey, S.E., Shuss, C.M., Freemark, M.S., Bellet, J.S., Keels, M.A., Bonner, M.J., El-Dairi, M., Butler, M, Kranz, P.G., Stumpel, C.T., Klinkenberg, S., Oberndorff, K., Alawi, M., Santer, R., Petrovski, S., Kuismin, O., Korpi-Heikkila, S., Pietilainen, O., Aarno, P., Kurki, M.I., Hoischen, A., Need, A.C., Goldstein, D.B, and Kortum, F.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, The ASXL genes (ASXL1, ASXL2, and ASXL3) participate in body patterning during embryogenesis and encode proteins involved in epigenetic regulation and assembly of transcription factors to specific genomic loci. Germline de novo truncating variants in ASXL1 and ASXL3 have been respectively implicated in causing Bohring-Opitz and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes, which result in overlapping features of severe intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. ASXL2 has not yet been associated with a human Mendelian disorder. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in six unrelated probands with developmental delay, macrocephaly, and dysmorphic features. All six had de novo truncating variants in ASXL2. A careful review enabled the recognition of a specific phenotype consisting of macrocephaly, prominent eyes, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, a glabellar nevus flammeus, neonatal feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and developmental disabilities. Although overlapping features with Bohring-Opitz and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes exist, features that distinguish the ASXL2-associated condition from ASXL1- and ASXL3-related disorders are macrocephaly, absence of growth retardation, and more variability in the degree of intellectual disabilities. We were also able to demonstrate with mRNA studies that these variants are likely to exert a dominant-negative effect, given that both alleles are expressed in blood and the mutated ASXL2 transcripts escape nonsense-mediated decay. In conclusion, de novo truncating variants in ASXL2 underlie a neurodevelopmental syndrome with a clinically recognizable phenotype. This report expands the germline disorders that are linked to the ASXL genes.

Published
2016

39. De Novo Mutations in SON Disrupt RNA Splicing of Genes Essential for Brain Development and Metabolism, Causing an Intellectual-Disability Syndrome

Author

Kim, J.-H. (Jung-Hyun), Shinde, D.N. (Deepali N.), Reijnders, M.R.F. (Margot R.F.), Hauser, N.S. (Natalie S.), Belmonte, R.L. (Rebecca L.), Wilson, G.R. (Gregory R.), Bosch, D.G.M. (Daniëlle G.M.), Bubulya, P.A. (Paula A.), Shashi, V. (Vandana), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Stone, J.K. (Joshua K.), Park, E.Y. (Eun Young), Veltman, J.A. (Joris), Sinnema, M. (Margje), Stumpel, C. (Connie), Draaisma, J. (Jos), Nicolai, J. (Joost), Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K. (Kristin), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Jewett, T. (Tamison), Santoro, S.L. (Stephanie L.), Vogt, J. (Julie), Bachman, K.K. (Kristine K.), Seeley, A.H. (Andrea ), Krokosky, A. (Alyson), Turner, C. (Clesson), Rohena, L. (Luis), Hempel, M. (Maja), Kortüm, F. (Fanny), Lessel, D. (Davor), Neu, A. (Axel), Strom, T.M. (Tim), Wieczorek, D. (Dagmar), Bramswig, N. (Nuria), Laccone, F.A. (Franco A.), Behunova, J. (Jana), Rehder, H. (Helga), Gordon, C.T. (Christopher T.), Rio, M. (Marlène), Romana, S. (Serge), Tang, S. (Sha), El-Khechen, D. (Dima), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Douglas, G. (Ganka), Baskin, B. (Berivan), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Funari, T. (Tara), Schoch, K. (Kelly), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P.A.), Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.-E. (Dong-Er), Traver, D. (David), Yao, X. (Xu), MacArthur, D.G. (Daniel G.), Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Owen, L.B. (Laurie B.), Lim, S.-T. (Ssang-Taek), Stachura, D.L. (David L.), Vissers, L.E.L.M., Ahn, E.-Y.E. (Eun-Young Erin), Kim, J.-H. (Jung-Hyun), Shinde, D.N. (Deepali N.), Reijnders, M.R.F. (Margot R.F.), Hauser, N.S. (Natalie S.), Belmonte, R.L. (Rebecca L.), Wilson, G.R. (Gregory R.), Bosch, D.G.M. (Daniëlle G.M.), Bubulya, P.A. (Paula A.), Shashi, V. (Vandana), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Stone, J.K. (Joshua K.), Park, E.Y. (Eun Young), Veltman, J.A. (Joris), Sinnema, M. (Margje), Stumpel, C. (Connie), Draaisma, J. (Jos), Nicolai, J. (Joost), Yntema, H.G., Lindstrom, K. (Kristin), Vries, B. (Boukje) de, Jewett, T. (Tamison), Santoro, S.L. (Stephanie L.), Vogt, J. (Julie), Bachman, K.K. (Kristine K.), Seeley, A.H. (Andrea ), Krokosky, A. (Alyson), Turner, C. (Clesson), Rohena, L. (Luis), Hempel, M. (Maja), Kortüm, F. (Fanny), Lessel, D. (Davor), Neu, A. (Axel), Strom, T.M. (Tim), Wieczorek, D. (Dagmar), Bramswig, N. (Nuria), Laccone, F.A. (Franco A.), Behunova, J. (Jana), Rehder, H. (Helga), Gordon, C.T. (Christopher T.), Rio, M. (Marlène), Romana, S. (Serge), Tang, S. (Sha), El-Khechen, D. (Dima), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), McWalter, K. (Kirsty), Douglas, G. (Ganka), Baskin, B. (Berivan), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Funari, T. (Tara), Schoch, K. (Kelly), Stegmann, A.P.A. (Alexander P.A.), Stevens, S.J., Zhang, D.-E. (Dong-Er), Traver, D. (David), Yao, X. (Xu), MacArthur, D.G. (Daniel G.), Brunner, H.G., Mancini, G.M.S. (Grazia), Myers, R.H. (Richard), Owen, L.B. (Laurie B.), Lim, S.-T. (Ssang-Taek), Stachura, D.L. (David L.), Vissers, L.E.L.M., and Ahn, E.-Y.E. (Eun-Young Erin)

Abstract

The overall understanding of the molecular etiologies of intellectual disability (ID) and developmental delay (DD) is increasing as next-generation sequencing technologies identify genetic variants in individuals with such disorders. However, detailed analyses c

Published
2016
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40. Association of the family environment with behavioural and cognitive outcomes in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Author

Allen, T. M., Hersh, J., Schoch, K., Curtiss, K., Hooper, S. R., and Shashi, V.

Subjects
Male, Parents, Adolescent, Parenting, Child Behavior, Article, Cognition, Predictive Value of Tests, Intellectual Disability, DiGeorge Syndrome, Humans, Regression Analysis, Family, Female, Child, Social Behavior
Abstract

Children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at risk for social-behavioural and neurocognitive sequelae throughout development. The current study examined the impact of family environmental characteristics on social-behavioural and cognitive outcomes in this paediatric population.Guardians of children with 22q11DS were recruited through two medical genetics clinics. Consenting guardians were asked to complete several questionnaires regarding their child's social, emotional and behavioural functioning, as well as family social environment and parenting styles. Children with 22q11DS were asked to undergo a cognitive assessment, including IQ and achievement testing, and measures of attention, executive function and memory.Modest associations were found between aspects of the family social environment and parenting styles with social-behavioural and cognitive/academic outcomes. Regression models indicated that physical punishment, socioeconomic status, parental control and family organisation significantly predicted social-behavioural and cognitive outcomes in children with 22q11DS.Characteristics of the family social environment and parenting approaches appear to be associated with functional outcomes of children with 22q11DS. Understanding the impact of environmental variables on developmental outcomes can be useful in determining more effective targets for intervention. This will be important in order to improve the quality of life of individuals affected by 22q11DS.

Published
2013

41. Evaluation of Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Severe Lymphedema with and without CCBE1 Mutations

Author

Alders, M, Mendola, A, Ades, L, Al Gazali, L, Bellini, C, Dallapiccola, B, Edery, P, Frank, U, Hornshuh, F, Huisman, Sander, Jagadeesh, S, Kayserili, H, Keng, WT, Lev, D, Prada, CE, Sampson, JR, Schmidtke, J, Shashi, V, Bever, Yolande, Van der Aa, N, Verhagen, Judith, Verheij, JBGM, Vikkula, M, Hennekam, RCM, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Other Research, Human Genetics, Graduate School, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Public Health, Paediatrics, Surgery, and Clinical Genetics

Subjects
Original Article
Abstract

The lymphedema-lymphangiectasia-intellectual disability (Hennekam) syndrome (HS) is characterised by a widespread congenital lymph vessel dysplasia manifesting as congenital lymphedema of the limbs and intestinal lymphangiectasia, accompanied by unusual facial morphology, variable intellectual disabilities and infrequently malformations. The syndrome is heterogeneous as mutations in the gene CCBE1 have been found responsible for the syndrome in only a subset of patients. We investigated whether it would be possible to predict the presence of a CCBE1 mutation based on phenotype by collecting clinical data of patients diagnosed with HS, with or without a CCBE1 mutation. We report here the results of 13 CCBE1 positive patients, 16 CCBE1 negative patients, who were clinically found to have classical HS, and 8 patients in whom the diagnosis was considered possible, but not certain, and in whom no CCBE1 mutation was identified. We found no statistically significant phenotypic differences between the 2 groups with the clinical HS phenotype, although the degree of lymphatic dysplasia tended to be more pronounced in the mutation positive group. We also screened 158 patients with less widespread and less pronounced forms of lymphatic dysplasia for CCBE1 mutations, and no mutation was detected in this group. Our results suggest that (1) CCBE1 mutations are present only in patients with a likely clinical diagnosis of HS, and not in patients with less marked forms of lymphatic dysplasia, and (2) that there are no major phenotypic differences between HS patients with or without CCBE1 mutations.

Published
2012

42. Exome sequencing results in successful riboflavin treatment of a rapidly progressive neurological condition

Author

Petrovski, S, Shashi, V, Petrou, S, Schoch, K, Mcsweeney, KM, Dhindsa, RS, Krueger, B, Crimian, R, Case, LE, Khalid, R, El-Dairi, MA, Jiang, Y-H, Mikati, MA, Goldstein, DB, Petrovski, S, Shashi, V, Petrou, S, Schoch, K, Mcsweeney, KM, Dhindsa, RS, Krueger, B, Crimian, R, Case, LE, Khalid, R, El-Dairi, MA, Jiang, Y-H, Mikati, MA, and Goldstein, DB

Abstract

Genetically targeted therapies for rare Mendelian conditions are improving patient outcomes. Here, we present the case of a 20-mo-old female suffering from a rapidly progressing neurological disorder. Although diagnosed initially with a possible autoimmune condition, analysis of the child's exome resulted in a diagnosis of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome 2 (BVVLS2). This new diagnosis led to a change in the therapy plan from steroids and precautionary chemotherapy to high-dose riboflavin. Improvements were reported quickly, including in motor strength after 1 mo. In this case, the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment would have been unlikely in the absence of exome sequencing and careful interpretation. This experience adds to a growing list of examples that emphasize the importance of early genome-wide diagnostics.

Published
2015

43. Sustained therapeutic response to riboflavin in a child with a progressive neurological condition, diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing

Author

Shashi, V, Petrovski, S, Schoch, K, Crimian, R, Case, LE, Khalid, R, El-Dairi, MA, Jiang, Y-H, Mikati, MA, Goldstein, DB, Shashi, V, Petrovski, S, Schoch, K, Crimian, R, Case, LE, Khalid, R, El-Dairi, MA, Jiang, Y-H, Mikati, MA, and Goldstein, DB

Abstract

One of the most promising outcomes of whole-exome sequencing (WES) is the alteration of medical management following an accurate diagnosis in patients with previously unresolved disorders. Although case reports of targeted therapies resulting from WES have been published, there are few reports with long-term follow-up that confirm a sustained therapeutic response. Following a diagnosis by WES of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome 2 (BVVLS2), high-dose riboflavin therapy was instituted in a 20-mo-old child. An immediate clinical response with stabilization of signs and symptoms was noted over the first 2-4 wk. Subsequent clinical follow-up over the following 8 mo demonstrates not just stabilization, but continuing and sustained improvements in all manifestations of this usually fatal condition, which generally includes worsening motor weakness, sensory ataxia, hearing, and vision impairments. This case emphasizes that early application of WES can transform patient care, enabling therapy that in addition to being lifesaving can sometimes reverse the disabling disease processes in a progressive condition.

Published
2015

44. Cognitive decline preceding the onset of psychosis in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Author

Vorstman, J. A. S., Breetvelt, E. J., Duijff, S. N., Eliez, S., Schneider, M., Jalbrzikowski, M., Armando, M., Vicari, S., Shashi, V., Hooper, S. R., Chow, E. W. C., Fung, W. L. A., Butcher, N. J., Young, D. A., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Vogels, A., Van Amelsvoort, T., Gothelf, D., Weinberger, R., Weizman, A., Klaassen, P. W. J., Koops, S., Kates, W. R., Antshel, K. M., Simon, T. J., Ousley, O. Y., Swillen, A., Gur, R. E., Bearden, C. E., Kahn, R. S., Bassett, A. S., Emanuel, B. S., Zackai, E. H., Kushan, L., Fremont, W., Schoch, K., Stoddard, J., Cubells, J., Fu, F., Campbell, L. E., Fritsch, R., Vergaelen, E., Neeleman, M., Boot, E., Debbane, M., Philip, N., Green, T., Van DenBree, M. B. M., Murphy, D., Canyelles, J. M., Arango, C., Murphy, K. C., Pontillo, M., Vicari S. (ORCID:0000-0002-5395-2262), Vorstman, J. A. S., Breetvelt, E. J., Duijff, S. N., Eliez, S., Schneider, M., Jalbrzikowski, M., Armando, M., Vicari, S., Shashi, V., Hooper, S. R., Chow, E. W. C., Fung, W. L. A., Butcher, N. J., Young, D. A., McDonald-McGinn, D. M., Vogels, A., Van Amelsvoort, T., Gothelf, D., Weinberger, R., Weizman, A., Klaassen, P. W. J., Koops, S., Kates, W. R., Antshel, K. M., Simon, T. J., Ousley, O. Y., Swillen, A., Gur, R. E., Bearden, C. E., Kahn, R. S., Bassett, A. S., Emanuel, B. S., Zackai, E. H., Kushan, L., Fremont, W., Schoch, K., Stoddard, J., Cubells, J., Fu, F., Campbell, L. E., Fritsch, R., Vergaelen, E., Neeleman, M., Boot, E., Debbane, M., Philip, N., Green, T., Van DenBree, M. B. M., Murphy, D., Canyelles, J. M., Arango, C., Murphy, K. C., Pontillo, M., and Vicari S. (ORCID:0000-0002-5395-2262)

Abstract

Importance: Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) have an elevated (25%) risk of developing schizophrenia. Recent reports have suggested that a subgroup of children with 22q11DS display a substantial decline in cognitive abilities starting at a young age.Objective: To determine whether early cognitive decline is associated with risk of psychotic disorder in 22q11DS.Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. As part of an international research consortium initiative, we used the largest data set of intelligence (IQ) measurements in patients with 22q11DS reported to date to investigate longitudinal IQ trajectories and the risk of subsequent psychotic illness. A total of 829 patients with a confirmed hemizygous 22q11.2 deletion, recruited through 12 international clinical research sites, were included. Both psychiatric assessments and longitudinal IQ measurements were available for a subset of 411 patients (388 with≥1 assessment at age 8-24 years).Main Outcomes And Measures: Diagnosis of a psychotic disorder, initial IQ, longitudinal IQ trajectory, and timing of the last psychiatric assessment with respect to the last IQ test.Results: Among 411 patients with 22q11DS, 55 (13.4%) were diagnosed as having a psychotic disorder. The mean (SD) age at the most recent psychiatric assessment was 16.1 (6.2) years. The mean (SD) full-scale IQ at first cognitive assessment was lower in patients who developed a psychotic disorder (65.5 [12.0]) compared with those without a psychotic disorder (74.0 [14.0]). On average, children with 22q11DS showed a mild decline in IQ (full-scale IQ, 7.04 points) with increasing age, particularly in the domain of verbal IQ (9.02 points). In those who developed psychotic illness, this decline was significantly steeper (P < .001). Those with a negative deviation from the average cognitive trajectory observed in 22q11DS were at significantly increased risk for the development of a psychotic disorder (odds r

Published
2015

47. In vitro induction of vitellogenin by estradiol 17 beta in isolated hepatocytes of catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Author

L. Bibekananda Singh, Rajendra Phartyal, Shashi V. Goswami, and Neeta Sehgal

Subjects
Clarias gariepinus, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Physiology, Cell, General Medicine, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, In vitro, Vitellogenin, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Cell culture, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Viability assay, Incubation, Catfish
Abstract

Vitellogenin is a female-specific calcium-binding glycolipophosphoprotein synthesized in the hepatocytes of fishes. Its synthesis can be induced in fishes of either sex by estradiol or by xenoestrogens. To study the in vitro synthesis of vitellogenin, different culture conditions were set up using the hepatocytes of Clarias gariepinus. The present study reports on a non-enzymatic procedure for isolation and culture of hepatocytes from the liver of the catfish Clarias gariepinus, in order to study the effects of estradiol on vitellogenin synthesis in vitro. The procedure employs chelating properties of ethylenediamine tetracetic acid to achieve cell viability in excess of 95%. Equal numbers of isolated cells were incubated in different culture media viz. RPMI F1640, Medium-199, and Williams' Medium E. At 36 h, cell attachment and monolayer formation is faster in M-199 and Williams' Medium E than in RPMI. In order to study the effects of estradiol on vitellogenin synthesis, the isolated hepatocytes were seeded in Williams' Medium E in 24-well cell culture plates. 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)) was introduced in the culture plates at different concentrations and for different time periods. The media were assayed for vitellogenin using competitive ELISA. Vitellogenin appeared in the medium after 48 h of incubation with 10(-5) M estradiol whereas after 72 h of incubation 5x10(-7) M E(2) could elicit the synthesis.

Published
2009

48. Relative potencies of natural estrogens on vitellogenin and choriogenin levels in the Indian freshwater spotted snakehead, Channa punctata: in vivo and in vitro studies

Author

Kumari Vandana Rani, Shashi V. Goswami, Neeta Sehgal, and Om Prakash

Subjects
Fish Proteins, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Estrone, India, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Aquaculture, Aquatic Science, Biochemistry, Snakehead, chemistry.chemical_compound, Vitellogenin, Vitellogenins, In vivo, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Protein Precursors, Cells, Cultured, biology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estradiol, Estriol, Channa punctata, Egg Proteins, Estrogens, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, In vitro, Perciformes, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Hepatocyte, biology.protein, Hepatocytes, Female
Abstract

The relative efficacies of three natural estrogens viz., estrone (E(1)), estradiol-17beta (E(2)) and estriol (E(3)) to induce synthesis of vitellogenin (Vg) and choriogenin (Chg) were assessed in primary hepatocyte cultures of the Indian freshwater spotted snakehead, Channa punctata. Hepatocytes were isolated from the spotted snakehead liver by a non-enzymatic protocol. Optimum culture conditions were standardized for ensuring their viability and functioning. Isolated hepatocytes were cultured for 48 h for monolayer formation and then exposed to various concentrations (0.001-10 microM) of the three estrogens. Competitive homologous ELISAs, developed and validated for spotted snakehead Vg and Chg were employed to determine the amounts of these two proteins secreted into the culture medium after 48 h of incubation. The results reveal that although all the three estrogens were effective in inducing the production of Vg and Chg in a dose-dependent manner, there were differences in their relative potencies. Of three estrogens, E(1) was the least potent and could induce synthesis of Vg and Chg only at a minimum concentration of 0.5 microM; whereas significant levels of both the proteins were quantified in culture medium by exposing the hepatocytes to E(2) or E(3) even at a concentration of 0.001 microM. All three estrogens were effective in inducing synthesis of Vg and Chg in vivo also. These results suggest the possibility of employing the above in vitro experimental design to monitor the presence of estrogens/estrogen-like chemicals in natural waters, which could interfere with the estrogen receptor system of fish. This study further points to the possibility of using Chg, in addition to Vg, as a parameter for screening various chemicals for their estrogenic activity.

Published
2008

50. Vitellogenin exists as charge isomers in the Indian freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Author

Neeta Sehgal and Shashi V. Goswami

Subjects
Phospholipid, chemistry.chemical_element, Peptide, Vitellogenin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Vitellogenins, Endocrinology, Isomerism, Electrochemistry, Animals, Peptide sequence, Phospholipids, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Estradiol, Isoelectric focusing, Phosphorus, Blood proteins, Perciformes, Isoelectric point, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Animal Science and Zoology, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Female
Abstract

Three charge isomeric forms of vitellogenin are reported in the blood of estrogen-treated murrel, Channa punctatus on the basis of the results of native and SDS–PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and Ferguson plot analysis. Vitellogenin was induced in adult murrels by exogenous administration of estradiol-17β and labelled with 32 P in vivo. Labelled vitellogenin isolated from other plasma proteins on Ultrogel AcA 34 columns resolve into three bands on native-PAGE. Ferguson plot analysis reveals free electrophoretic mobilities of the three bands as 6.0, 4.5, and 3.7, which are very similar to the isoelectric point values of 5.9, 4.6, and 3.8, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of native murrel vitellogenin is 530 kDa. It consists of a single peptide with a molecular weight of 175 kDa. All the three bands on native PAGE resolves into a single peptide on SDS–PAGE. N-terminal amino acid sequence for murrel vitellogenin peptide is MKAVVLALLL. The protein phosphorus:lipid phosphorus ratio for murrel vitellogenin is 0.9. The total lipid content is 32.8%, consisting of 45% neutral lipids and 30% phospholipids. Phosphatidyl choline is the major phospholipid whereas triglycerides are the major neutral lipids. Results of these analytical analyses indicate that murrel native vitellogenin circulates as three charge isomers; poor in phosphorus but rich in lipids content.

Published
2004

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