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166 results on '"Sharpe, Graham R."'

2. Effects of Oral Lactate Supplementation on Acid–Base Balance and Prolonged High-Intensity Interval Cycling Performance.

Author

Bordoli, Claire, Varley, Ian, Sharpe, Graham R., Johnson, Michael A., and Hennis, Philip J.

Subjects
ERGOGENIC aids, TIME trials, DIETARY supplements, HEART beat, EXERCISE tests
Abstract

Lactate is an important energy intermediate and metabolic buffer, and may be ergogenic. We investigated if lactate supplementation is an effective approach to enhance the exercise performance and acid–base balance of trained cyclists during exercise devised to simulate the demands of endurance road race cycling. Sixteen endurance-trained male cyclists ( V · O2max 59 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) consumed 120 mg·kg−1 body mass of lactate or a placebo 70 min prior to performing an exercise performance test, comprising five repeated blocks consisting of 1 km and 4 km time trials interspersed with 10 min of moderate-intensity exercise. Blood acid–base balance (including [H+] and [HCO3−]), heart rate, perceived exertion, and gastro-intestinal tolerance were assessed. There was no effect of lactate supplementation on exercise performance (p = 0.320), despite a reduction in RPE (p = 0.012) and increases in [SID] (p = 0.026) and [HCO3−] (p = 0.041). In addition, gastro-intestinal side effects were observed, but there was no effect on heart rate. Lactate supplementation did not improve exercise performance, despite positive changes in acid–base balance and RPE. This suggests that the alkalising effects of the supplement can reduce perceived effort, but these benefits do not translate into performance improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Investigating the effect of obesity on gut damage, systemic inflammation, enhanced asthma severity due to gut derived bacteria, endotoxin

Author

Parenti, Cristina, primary, Murphy, Alice M., additional, Lad, Nikita, additional, McTernan, Philip G., additional, Nelson, Carl P., additional, Sharpe, Graham R., additional, Barber, Claire, additional, Abadalkareem, Rana, additional, Azim, Adnan, additional, Kurukulaaratchy, Ramesh J., additional, Haitchi, Hans M., additional, and Williams, Neil C., additional

Published
2022
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31. RESPONSE

Author

Johnson, Michael A., Mills, Dean E., Brown, Peter I., and Sharpe, Graham R.

Published
2013
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42. Comparable reductions in hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction and markers of airway inflammation after supplementation with 6·2 and 3·1 g/d of long-chain n-3 PUFA in adults with asthma.

Author

Williams, Neil C., Hunter, Kirsty A., Shaw, Dominick E., Jackson, Kim G., Sharpe, Graham R., and Johnson, Michael A.

Subjects
DRUG therapy for asthma, DIETARY supplements, INFLAMMATION, NITRIC oxide, RESPIRATORY diseases, STATISTICAL sampling, UNSATURATED fatty acids, EXERCISE-induced asthma, TREATMENT effectiveness, VITAL capacity (Respiration), BRONCHOCONSTRICTION, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Although high dose n-3 PUFA supplementation reduces exercise- and hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB/HIB), there are concurrent issues with cost, compliance and gastrointestinal discomfort. It is thus pertinent to establish the efficacy of lower n-3 PUFA doses. Eight male adults with asthma and HIB and eight controls without asthma were randomly supplemented with two n-3 PUFA doses (6·2 g/d (3·7 g EPA and 2·5 g DHA) and 3·1 g/d (1·8 g EPA and 1·3 g DHA)) and a placebo, each for 21 d followed by 14 d washout. A eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge was performed before and after treatments. Outcome measures remained unchanged in the control group. In the HIB group, the peak fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after EVH at day 0 (−1005 (sd 520) ml, −30 (sd 18) %) was unchanged after placebo. The peak fall in FEV1 was similarly reduced from day 0 to day 21 of 6·2 g/d n-3 PUFA (−1000 (sd 460) ml, −29 (sd 17) % v. −690 (sd 460) ml, −20 (sd 15) %) and 3·1 g/d n-3 PUFA (−970 (sd 480) ml, −28 (sd 18) % v. −700 (sd 420) ml, −21 (sd 15) %) (P<0·001). Baseline fraction of exhaled nitric oxide was reduced by 24 % (P=0·020) and 31 % (P=0·018) after 6·2 and 3·1 g/d n-3 PUFA, respectively. Peak increases in 9α, 11β PGF2 after EVH were reduced by 65 % (P=0·009) and 56 % (P=0·041) after 6·2 and 3·1 g/d n-3 PUFA, respectively. In conclusion, 3·1 g/d n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuated HIB and markers of airway inflammation to a similar extent as a higher dose. Lower doses of n-3 PUFA thus represent a potentially beneficial adjunct treatment for adults with asthma and EIB. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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44. Regulation of epidermal homeostasis through P2Y2 receptors

Author

Dixon, C Jane, Bowler, Wayne B, Littlewood-Evans, Amanda, Dillon, Jane P, Bilbe, Graeme, Sharpe, Graham R, and Gallagher, James A

Subjects
Keratinocytes, DNA, Complementary, Receptors, Purinergic P2, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Uridine Triphosphate, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2, Adenosine Triphosphate, Papers, Homeostasis, Humans, RNA, Calcium, Epidermis, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, In Situ Hybridization
Abstract

1. Previous studies have indicated a role for extracellular ATP in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Here we have investigated the expression of P2Y2 receptors by human keratinocytes, the cells which comprise the epidermis. 2. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) revealed expression of mRNA for the G-protein-coupled, P2Y2 receptor in primary cultured human keratinocytes. 3. In situ hybridization studies of skin sections revealed that P2Y2 receptor transcripts were expressed in the native tissue. These studies demonstrated a striking pattern of localization of P2Y2 receptor transcripts to the basal layer of the epidermis, the site of cell proliferation. 4. Increases in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in keratinocytes stimulated with ATP or UTP demonstrated the presence of functional P2Y receptors. 5. In proliferation studies based on the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), ATP, UTP and ATPgammaS were found to stimulate the proliferation of keratinocytes. 6. Using a real-time firefly luciferase and luciferin assay we have shown that under static conditions cultured human keratinocytes release ATP. 7. These findings indicate that P2Y2 receptors play a major role in epidermal homeostasis, and may provide novel targets for therapy of proliferative disorders of the epidermis, including psoriasis.

Published
1999

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