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2. Ambient energy for buildings: Beyond energy efficiency

Author

Adua, Lazarus, Asamoah, Amma, Barrows, John, Brookstein, Pamela, Chen, Bing, Coleman, Debra Rucker, Denzer, Anthony, Desjarlais, Andre O, Falconer, Whit, Fernandes, Luis, Fisler, Diana, Foley, Craig, Gaillard, Clement, Gladen, Adam, Guzowski, Mary, Hill, Terence, Hun, Diana, Kishore, Ravi, Klingenberg, Katrin, Kosny, Jan, Levinson, Ronnen, McGinley, Mark, Myer, Michael, Nicodemus, Julia, Rempel, Alexandra, Riggins, Jim, Riggs, Russel, Robinson, Brian, Ruan, Xiulin, Schwarz, Robby, Sharp, M Keith, Shrestha, Som, Sofos, Marina, Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar, Tenent, Robert, Toye, Cory, Usher, Todd, and Walker, Andy

Published
2024
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4. Infrared variable stars in the compact elliptical galaxy M32

Author

Jones, O. C., Nally, C., Sharp, M. J., McDonald, I., Boyer, M. L., Meixner, M., Kemper, F., Ferguson, A. M. N., Goldman, S. R., and Rich, R. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Variable stars in the compact elliptical galaxy M32 are identified, using three epochs of photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope at 3.6 and 4.5 $\mu$m, separated by 32 to 381 days. We present a high-fidelity catalogue of sources detected in multiple epochs at both 3.6 and 4.5 $\mu$m, which we analysed for stellar variability using a joint probability error-weighted flux difference. Of these, 83 stars are identified as candidate large-amplitude, long-period variables, with 28 considered high-confidence variables. The majority of the variable stars are classified as asymptotic giant branch star candidates using colour-magnitude diagrams. We find no evidence supporting a younger, infrared-bright stellar population in our M32 field., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2021
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11. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

Andersen, K.H., Argyriou, D.N, Jackson, A.J., Houston, J., Henry, P.F., Deen, P.P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M.E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C.I., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F.Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H.N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, H., Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R.K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Voigt, J., Brückel, T., Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, X., Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Seifert, M., Lohstroh, W., Petry, W., Neuhaus, J., Loaiza, L., Tartaglione, A., Glavic, A., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., Lehmann, E., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D.J., Kiehn, R., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J.O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M.A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N.B., Rønnow, H.M., Freeman, P.G., Hauback, B.C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., del Moral, O.G., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Sordo, F., Martínez, J.L., Lechner, R.E., Villacorta, F.J., Šaroun, J., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., del Rosso, L., Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., De Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Scatigno, C., Parker, S.F., Fernandez-Alonso, F., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Scionti, G., and Schreyer, A.

Published
2020
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15. Galaxy Clusters at z>=1: Gas Constraints from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array

Author

Culverhouse, T. L., Bonamente, M., Bulbul, E., Carlstrom, J. E., Gralla, M. B., Greer, C., Hasler, N., Hawkins, D., Hennessy, R., Jetha, N. N., Joy, M., Lamb, J. W., Leitch, E. M., Marrone, D. P., Miller, A., Mroczkowski, T., Muchovej, S., Pryke, C., Sharp, M., Woody, D., Andreon, S., Maughan, B., and Stanford, S. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present gas constraints from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect measurements in a sample of eleven X-ray and infrared (IR) selected galaxy clusters at z >=1, using data from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA). The cylindrically integrated Compton-y parameter, Y , is calculated by fitting the data to a two-parameter gas pressure profile. Where possible, we also determine the temperature of the hot intra-cluster plasma from Chandra and XMM-Newton data, and constrain the gas mass within the same aperture (r_2500 ) as Y . The SZ effect is detected in the clusters for which the X-ray data indicate gas masses above ~ 10^13 Msun, including XMMU J2235-2557 at redshift z = 1.39, which to date is one of the most distant clusters detected using the SZ effect. None of the IR-selected targets are detected by the SZA measurements, indicating low gas masses for these objects. For these and the four other undetected clusters, we quote upper limits on Y and Mgas_SZ , with the latter derived from scaling relations calibrated with lower redshift clusters. We compare the constraints on Y and X-ray derived gas mass Mgas_X-ray to self-similar scaling relations between these observables determined from observations of lower redshift clusters, finding consistency given the measurement error., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted on ApJL

Published
2010
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17. Application of a Self-Similar Pressure Profile to Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Data from Galaxy Clusters

Author

Mroczkowski, T., Bonamente, M., Carlstrom, J. E., Culverhouse, T. L., Greer, C., Hawkins, D., Hennessy, R., Joy, M., Lamb, J. W., Leitch, E. M., Loh, M., Maughan, B., Marrone, D. P., Miller, A., Nagai, D., Muchovej, S., Pryke, C., Sharp, M., and Woody, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate the utility of a new, self-similar pressure profile for fitting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect observations of galaxy clusters. Current SZ imaging instruments - such as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) - are capable of probing clusters over a large range in physical scale. A model is therefore required that can accurately describe a cluster's pressure profile over a broad range of radii, from the core of the cluster out to a significant fraction of the virial radius. In the analysis presented here, we fit a radial pressure profile derived from simulations and detailed X-ray analysis of relaxed clusters to SZA observations of three clusters with exceptionally high quality X-ray data: A1835, A1914, and CL J1226.9+3332. From the joint analysis of the SZ and X-ray data, we derive physical properties such as gas mass, total mass, gas fraction and the intrinsic, integrated Compton y-parameter. We find that parameters derived from the joint fit to the SZ and X-ray data agree well with a detailed, independent X-ray-only analysis of the same clusters. In particular, we find that, when combined with X-ray imaging data, this new pressure profile yields an independent electron radial temperature profile that is in good agreement with spectroscopic X-ray measurements., Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ for publication (probably April 2009)

Published
2008
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18. Defining requirements for integrating information between design, manufacturing, and inspection.

Author

Hedberg Jr., T. D., Sharp, M. E., Maw, T. M. M., Helu, M. M., Rahman, M. M., Jadhav, S., Whicker, J. J., and Barnard Feeney, A.

Subjects
INFORMATION design, ENGINEERING design, RESEARCH teams, DIGITAL twins, QUALITY assurance, INSPECTION & review
Abstract

Industry desires a digital thread of information that aligns as-designed, as-planned, as-executed, and as-inspected viewpoints. An experiment was conducted to test selected open data standards' ability to integrate the lifecycle stages of engineering design, manufacturing, and quality assurance through a thorough implementation of a small-scale model-based enterprise. The research team set out to answer: from design, through production, and final inspections, what are the hurdles that a manufacturer would face during the development of a fully linked and integrated information chain? The research team was not able to fully link all the required information, but value for the industry was still identified. This paper presents the results of the experiment, provides guidance on how to overcome or mitigate identified challenges, and discusses the benefits or incentives to be gained from tracing or linking information through multiple stages a product lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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19. The South Pole Telescope

Author

SPT Collaboration, Ruhl, J. E., Ade, P. A. R., Carlstrom, J. E., Cho, H. M., Crawford, T., Dobbs, M., Greer, C. H., Halverson, N. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Lantin, T. M., Lee, A. T., Leong, J., Leitch, E. M., Lu, W., Lueker, M., Mehl, J., Meyer, S. S., Mohr, J. J., Padin, S., Plagge, T., Pryke, C., Schwan, D., Sharp, M. K., Runyan, M. C., Spieler, H., Staniszewski, Z., and Stark, A. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A new 10 meter diameter telescope is being constructed for deployment at the NSF South Pole research station. The telescope is designed for conducting large-area millimeter and sub-millimeter wave surveys of faint, low contrast emission, as required to map primary and secondary anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. To achieve the required sensitivity and resolution, the telescope design employs an off-axis primary with a 10m diameter clear aperture. The full aperture and the associated optics will have a combined surface accuracy of better than 20 microns rms to allow precision operation in the submillimeter atmospheric windows. The telescope will be surrounded with a large reflecting ground screen to reduce sensitivity to thermal emission from the ground and local interference. The optics of the telescope will support a square degree field of view at 2mm wavelength and will feed a new 1000-element micro-lithographed planar bolometric array with superconducting transition-edge sensors and frequency-multiplexed readouts. The first key project will be to conduct a survey over approximately 4000 degrees for galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect. This survey should find many thousands of clusters with a mass selection criteria that is remarkably uniform with redshift. Armed with redshifts obtained from optical and infrared follow-up observations, it is expected that the survey will enable significant constraints to be placed on the equation of state of the dark energy., Comment: Written prior to SPIE conference, June 21-25, 2004. 19 pages, 13 figures. Also available (with higher resolution figures) at http://spt.uchicago.edu/

Published
2004
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30. Model-based extreme weather data for predicting the performance of buildings entirely conditioned by ambient energy

Author

Sharp, M. Keith

Abstract

This study reports the development of extreme meteorological year (XMY) data for simulating buildings that are heated and cooled entirely by ambient energy in four climates varying in outdoor temperature and cloudiness. Electrification of conventional buildings is insufficient to meet climate goals, since nearly half of US electricity will still be produced from fossil fuels by 2050. Ambient-conditioned buildings depend on non-fossil sources such as the sun for heating, and nighttime air or sky radiation for cooling. Such buildings are more susceptible to weather variability than conventional buildings, which simply use more auxiliary energy whenever weather conditions are challenging. On the other hand, ambient-conditioned buildings are more resilient to power outages so long as the design accounts for unusual weather during extreme years to consistently maintain indoor comfort. Ambient-conditioned buildings designed to remain comfortable with typical meteorological year (TMY2020) data produced up to over 1000 hours per year of uncomfortable indoor temperature during the years (1998–2020) from which the TMY was derived. Parameters related to outdoor air temperature, sky temperature and insolation were found to be unreliable for identifying the most challenging years. Rather, a whole-building model allowed identification of the two most challenging years for heating and cooling, respectively. An XMY file concatenated from the most challenging summer and the most challenging winter provided a good match of indoor temperature predictions to those from the full, individual years. This new XMY file facilitates the design of ambient-conditioned buildings for reliable indoor comfort.

Published
2024
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33. Feasibility study for an automated engineering change process.

Author

Sharp, M. E., Hedberg Jr, T. D., Bernstein, W. Z., and Kwon, S.

Subjects
PRODUCTION engineering, FEASIBILITY studies, SEARCH algorithms, GENETIC algorithms, ENGINEERING mathematics
Abstract

Engineering change is a significant cost for projects. While avoiding and mitigating the risk of change is ideal, mistakes and improvements are recognised as more is learned about the decisions made in a design. This paper presents a feasibility and performance analysis of automating engineering change requests to demonstrate the promise for increasing speed, efficiency, and effectiveness of product-lifecycle-wide engineering-change-requests. A comparatively simple case is examined to mimic the reduced set of alterable aspects of a typical change request and to highlight the need of appropriate search algorithms as brute force methods are prohibitively resource intensive. Although such cases may seem trivial for human agents, with the volume of expected change requests in a typical facility, the potential opportunity gain by eliminating or reducing the amount of human effort in low-level changes accumulate into significant returns for the industry on time and money. Herein, the genetic algorithm is selected to demonstrate feasibility with its broad scope of applicability and low barriers to deployment. Future refinement of this or other sophisticated algorithms leveraging the nature of the standard representations and qualities of alterable design features could produce tools with strong implications for process efficiency and industry competitiveness in its projects execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. Decadal characteristics of small-scale fishing livelihoods in 13 Pacific Island Countries and Territories.

Author

Roscher, M B, Eriksson, H, Sharp, M, Menaouer, O, and Andrew, N

Subjects
SMALL-scale fisheries, FISHERIES, GROSS income, INCOME, SUSTAINABLE development, SUSTAINABLE communities, HOUSEKEEPING
Abstract

Small-scale fisheries are cornerstones of wealth, food, and tradition for people throughout the Pacific region. Yet, their governance is plagued by a lack of relevant data. Using data collected from household income and expenditure surveys carried out in 13 Pacific Island Countries and Territories over the last decade, we bring enhanced resolution to these fisheries by describing how households engage in small-scale fishing and accounting the income generated from these activities. We find most households do not actively participate in fishing, and most that do, fish only for subsistence. Over time, however, the rates at which households participate in fishing may be declining. Further, the total income generated through aquatic foods caught for subsistence is nearly double that of foods caught for sale, but on a per household basis fishing for commercial purposes is more lucrative. Differences point to important distinctions in how households engage with and generate income from commercial and subsistence fishing, including where activities are often conducted, and the types of aquatic foods targeted. These distinctions have implications for how livelihoods-focused policies and programmes can be developed to ensure aquatic food systems continue to support Pacific Island communities as the deadline for the Sustainable Development Goals approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Functional brain plasticity following childhood maltreatment: A longitudinal fMRI investigation of autobiographical memory processing.

Author

Puetz, V. B., Viding, E., Maguire, E. A., Mechelli, A., Armbruster-Genç, D., Sharp, M., Rankin, G., Gerin, M. I., and McCrory, E. J.

Subjects
CHILD abuse, AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL memory, FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging, CINGULATE cortex, LARGE-scale brain networks, PSYCHOLOGICAL child abuse, ABUSE of older people
Abstract

Altered autobiographical memory (ABM) processing characterizes some individuals with experiences of childhood maltreatment. This fMRI study of ABM processing evaluated potential developmental plasticity in neural functioning following maltreatment. Adolescents with (N = 19; MT group) and without (N = 18; Non-MT group) documented childhood maltreatment recalled specific ABMs in response to emotionally valenced cue words during fMRI at baseline (age 12.71 ± 1.48) and follow-up (14.88 ± 1.53 years). Psychological assessments were collected at both timepoints. Longitudinal analyses were carried out with BOLD signal changes during ABM recall and psychopathology to investigate change over time. In both groups there was relative stability of the ABM brain network, with some developmental maturational changes observed in cortical midline structures (ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (pCC), and retrosplenial cortex (rSC). Significantly increased activation of the right rSC was observed only in the MT group, which was associated with improved psychological functioning. Baseline group differences in relation to hippocampal functioning, were not detected at follow-up. This study provides preliminary empirical evidence of functional developmental plasticity in children with documented maltreatment experience using fMRI. This suggests that altered patterns of brain function, associated with maltreatment experience, are not fixed and may reflect the potential to track a neural basis of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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