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The Internet and communications have rapidly expanded, leading to a significant rise in data generation and heterogeneity. Intrusion detection systems play a crucial role in ensuring the security and integrity of computer systems. These systems have been developed by researchers, academicians, and practitioners to effectively detect and mitigate network attacks. Intrusion detection systems are designed to analyze network traffic and compare it with a baseline of normal behavior, allowing them to identify any deviations or inconsistencies that may indicate an intrusion. Furthermore, the cooperative and distributed architecture of intrusion detection systems enables them to effectively detect attacks and protect the network from unauthorized access. Additionally, to enhance the performance of intrusion detection systems, techniques such as resampling the dataset and utilizing classifier ensemble are used to improve the classification accuracy. Moreover, intrusion detection systems have been integrated with intrusion response systems to ensure a timely and effective response to detected attacks. AI-based Intrusion Detection Systems have emerged as a crucial tool in ensuring network security and combating cyber threats. These systems utilize artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze network traffic, identify patterns of malicious activity, and detect potential cyber-attacks. They have proven to be highly effective in improving the detection accuracy, reducing false alarms, and even detecting previously unknown types of attacks. In summary, the development of accurate and efficient intrusion detection systems is crucial for ensuring network security. In today’s rapidly changing world, the significance of accurate intrusion detection systems cannot be overstated.

Byline: Arun. Bhardwaj, Kamal. Trehan, Vishwas. Sharma Aim: Laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) for Common bile duct (CBD) stones with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an alternative to open CBD exploration, in [...]

Background & objectives: Dohra is a areca nut preparation used with or without tobacco in a few of the areas of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. There is evidence that it causes potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. This study was undertaken to provide information on dohra by searching through literature and also through a survey in three areas of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. Methods: The information on dohra was collected through literature search, study tour to different areas of UP, where group discussions with dohra vendors and with community members of different age group were done to obtain information. Results: Dohra was prepared by the users for their personal use or prepared by small-scale industry for sale. It was available mostly in betel shops or any other store/kiosks and was also available in special dohra shops. Dohra was available in both dry and wet form. Its common constituents were areca nut, catechu (Acacia catechu), edible lime, peppermint (Mentha piperita), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and some flavoring agents. Dohra was consumed as such or with tobacco. Interpretation & conclusions: Different varieties of Dohra were available such as sukha dohra, sukha mulethi dohra and geela dohra. Different processing methods for producing dohra existed. As dohra increases the risk of cancer, it needs to be banned or it should be sold in packets with the details of its constituents and also statutory warning about its adverse health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Recently, three genome-wide association studies ( GWAS) demonstrated FCER1 A, the gene encoding a ligand-binding subunit of the high-affinity Ig E receptor, to be a major susceptibility locus for serum Ig E levels. The top association signal differed between the two studies from the general population and the one based on an asthma case-control design. In this study, we investigated whether different FCER1 A polymorphisms are associated with total serum Ig E in the general population and asthmatics specifically. Methods Nineteen polymorphisms were studied in FCER1 A based on a detailed literature search and a tagging approach. Polymorphisms were genotyped by the Illumina Human Hap300 Chip (6 polymorphisms) or MALDI- TOF MS (13 polymorphisms) in at least 1303 children (651 asthmatics) derived from the German International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood II and Multicentre Asthma Genetics in Childhood Study. Results Similar to two population-based GWAS, the peak association with total serum Ig E was observed for SNPs rs2511211, rs2427837, and rs2251746 (mean r 2 > 0.8), with the lowest p-value of 4.37 × 10−6. The same 3 polymorphisms showed the strongest association in non-asthmatics (lowest p = 0.0003). While these polymorphisms were also associated with total serum Ig E in asthmatics (lowest p = 0.003), additional polymorphisms (rs3845625, rs7522607, and rs2427829) demonstrated associations with total serum Ig E in asthmatics only (lowest p = 0.01). Conclusions These data suggest that FCER1 A polymorphisms not only drive Ig E levels in the general population but that specific polymorphisms may also influence Ig E in association with asthma, suggesting that disease-specific mechanisms in Ig E regulation exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Lack of awareness is one of the major reasons for the high morbidity and mortality associated with cancers. The present study was aimed to evaluate the awareness of prevalent cancers among the rural population in a district of north India and its association specifically with mobile phone usage. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling technique, households in three villages of Gautam Buddh Nagar district of India were selected. A house-to-house survey on cancer awareness was conducted among adults in selected households and data were analyzed to check for the association of such an awareness with sociodemographic factors and internet usage. Results: The study included 59 males and 145 females, with majority (115) being in the age group of 18-30 yr. Although most (96.5%) of the participants were aware of cancer, the common risk factors and warning signs of cancer were known to only a few. Specific risk factors for cervical and breast cancers were, however, not known to a majority (79.9% and 72.2%). A significant association between the awareness of general risk factors and warning signs as well as specific aspects including risk factors for breast, cervical and oral cancer, HPV vaccine and the education level of the participants (P<0.05 for all). Knowledge of risk factors, warning signs and cancer prevention modalities was higher among mobile phone users who accessed internet for health information. There was no significant association between age group and cancer risk factor awareness, though females were more aware of the risk factors for breast cancer (P=0.002). Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the existing low level of awareness of cervical and breast cancers among the rural population. The association of cancer awareness with education level and mobile phone-based internet usage suggests the potential utility of internet-based platforms such as m-health programmes for cancer prevention activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]