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Judicious application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in crop production is critical for reducing the nitrate pollution of groundwater and greenhouse gas emissions. It is, thus, important to improve the nitrogen use efficiency under the reduced application of nitrogen. A genotypic variation in N-uptake and N-use efficiency particularly under low N-input conditions exists across crops that can be deciphered and exploited for environmentally sustainable farming without any significant penalty of yield and quality. The present research conducted under the nutrient solution culture aimed to explore the inherent variability in the growth response of ten genetically diverse wheat varieties to low fertilizer N-application (N-, 10 µM N) in comparison to N sufficient control (N+, 8.5 mM N) viz., a viz., the activity of various key N-assimilating enzymes and to delineate the indirect effect of low N on uptake and partitioning of other major macronutrients viz., P, K, S, which may indirectly regulate the N-use efficiency. A notable increase in sulfur, potassium, and phosphorus content was observed under nitrogen-deficient conditions. Varieties such as Carnamah and HD 2824 exhibit a significant increase in shoot phosphorus content, emphasizing their potential to optimize phosphorus acquisition and utilization efficiency under nutrient-limited conditions. The findings highlight the complex interplay between nutrient availability and plant responses, showcasing varietal-specific adaptations to nitrogen limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim & Objectives: To isolate and identify yeast like fungal agents from the different lower respiratory tract samples up to the species level. And perform the antifungal sensitivity testing of isolated species. Material & Method: This study was conducted in the Mycology Section, Microbiology department, Moradabad (TMMC & RC), from November 2022 to June 2023. By using common microbiological techniques, Candida isolates were found in samples from the lower respiratory tract, and speciation was carried out using conventional and HiCrome differentiating medium. The disc diffusion technique developed by the CLSI (clinical and laboratory Standard Institute) was used to assess the antifungal susceptibility. Result- 150 isolates were acknowledged from various clinical samples like BAL (Bronchoalveolar Lavage), ET (Endotracheal tube) secretion, TT (Transtracheal) secretion. Where 49 (32%) were positive. Maximum age was 41- 60 years and minimum age was from 0-20, from whom the isolates were discovered, among which females were (32.6%) and males were (65.3%). Prime Candida isolates were Candida albicans (44%), Candida tropicalis (45%). Other was Aspergillus fumigatus (60%) Among the azoles, the most sensitive drug was Amphotericin B (95.83%) and least was fluconazole (79.16%). Conclusion- In comparison to Candida albicans, there is a varied tendency in the rising incidence of NAC (Non albicans Candida). Because some Candida species are naturally resistant to particular antifungal medicines, early detection of Candida strains would not only reduce the usage of empiric antifungal treatments but also have a significant impact on clinician’s treatment options and benefit patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) is an important emerging pathogen responsible for causing urinary tract infection (UTI). Hence precise and complete knowledge of its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile is necessary in particular area for their adequate treatment. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in bacteriology section, Department of Microbiology of Teerthanker Mahaveer hospital, Moradabad from July 2021 to June 2022 by performing urine sample collection, culture and different biochemical tests. Results: Out of 898 samples, there were 252 gram positive cocci, 430 gram negative bacilli, 37 yeast and 179 samples showed no growth. 252 gram positive cocci were further processed and 72 isolates of enterococci were isolated. Maximum numbers of enterococci were obtained from patients between 31-40 years. Conclusion: Patient should be empirically treated for Enterococcal diseases according to the local patterns of antibiotic resistance. VRE are generally treated with fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin or linezolid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To establish a non-invasive scoring system in evaluation of chronic hepatitis C infection. Material and Methods: 30 Hepatitis C virus positive patients were evaluated by ultrasonography (USG) abdomen and transient elastography (TE). Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values were measured, recorded and correlated in all patients based on TE, and APRI with FIB4 score with grading of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Results: Out of 30 study subjects 53.3% were male and 46.7% were females. Based on fibroscan, 40% of subjects were having F1 and F4 grade each and 13.7% subjects were seen in F3 grade and 6.7% subjects were seen in F2 grade. Based on APRI scoring, fibrosis was seen in 43.3% of subjects, advanced fibrosis was seen in 20% of subjects and cirrhosis was seen in 36.7% of subjects. Based on FIB4 scoring, fibrosis was seen in 26.7% of subjects, advanced fibrosis was seen in 33.3% of subjects and cirrhosis was seen in 40% of subjects. APRI revealed advanced fibrosis in 6 whereas on fibroscan it was 2 advanced fibrosis, 2 cirrhosis and 2 fibrosis. Out of 11 cases of cirrhosis, on fibroscan, 8 found to be cirrhosis, 1 advanced fibrosis and 2 fibrosis. Out of 13 cases of fibrosis on APRI, 8 found to be fibrosis, 4 advanced fibrosis and 1 cirrhosis on fibroscan. Conclusion: Hepatitis C virus is notorious in its ability to persist in human liver following acute infection resulting in chronic hepatitis. Over years it leads to hepatic structural abnormalities resulting in fibrosis. When severe, it leads to cirrhosis which may be a precursor of HCC in CHC patients. Liver/hepatic biopsy, the mainstay for the detection of hepatic fibrosis and diagnosis of cirrhosis is not only invasive but is also traumatic and has chances of sampling errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Bloodstream infections acquired in a hospital are a common and dangerous consequence in ICU patients respectively. They are acquired through various devices such as venous catheters, invasive ventilation, urinarycatheters etc.The present investigation gives data on the pathogenic profile of bloodstream infections and their antibiogram.Aim & Objective: This study was done to determine the frequency of causative agents and along with their rate of antimicrobial resistance and sensitivity pattern.Material and Methods:The study was done, 211 clinical specimens of blood samples during January 2021 to November 2021obtained from medical ICU and the surgical ICU were processed in Bacteriology section of microbiology laboratory of Teerthanker Mahaveer hospital by BacT/ALERT System and Vitek 2 compact System.Results:Out of 211 patients with suspected bacteremia, 89(42.18%) samples showed positive growth and 122(57.82%) cases were negative. Among 89 positive samples. Gram-positive bacteria were identified in greater numbers than gram-negative bacteria. All the blood samples from the patients were analyzed by automated culture method.Conclusion:In order to improve the therapeutic outcomes of BSIs in the ICU, several strategies should be taken. The most important thing is to start an effective antibiotic treatment as soon as possible, which should be tailored to each individual patient depending on the cause of illness, the most prevalent isolated bacteria found as well as the threat of antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Urinary tract infection is one of the most prevalent medical problems of pregnancy. Infection of urinary system during pregnancy is linked to significant morbidity in mother and the foetus. Gram negative organisms cause urinary tract infection more frequently than gram positive organisms. E.coli (60-70%), Klebsiella (10%), Proteus (5-10%), Pseudomonas (2-5%) are the gram negative organism and gram positive organism includes Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species and Enterococcus species. Aim: To isolate bacteria causing UTI in pregnant women and to study their current drug resistance pattern.Material and Methods:The study was carried out from January 2021 to November 2021 in tertiary care hospital Moradabad. The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, TeerthankerMahaveer Medical College & research centre Moradabad. The antibacterial resistance pattern was determined by automated method as per CLSI standards.Results:During the study period total 148 urine sample from ANC clinic were processed out of which 30 isolates were positive. Gram negative organism was predominant isolates. E.coli was major isolates. Highest resistance was seen against Ampicillin among both Gram negative organisms and gram positive organism.Conclusion:The current study compares the existing resistance pattern of treatment prescribed to pregnant women with bacterial UTI. Bacteria are the usual suspect for infections in expecting women. Sometime this could also lead to complication like cystitis, pyelonephritis, pre term birth, decreased mean gestational age, biofilm formation and many more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]