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Viscoelastic materials (elastomers, resins, and polycrystalline metals) are of significant importance due to their numerous applications in biology, civil, and mechanical engineering alongwith other scientific disciplines. Viscoelastic materials possess strong relation with temperature and diffusion phenomenon and their mechanical properties exhibit memory dependence. With this view, fractional order strain is considered to study thermoviscoelastic diffusion interactions in the context of hyperbolic two-temperature-three-phase lag model. The investigation is carried out for an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic medium containing a spherical cavity. Initially, the medium is held quiescent. The boundary of the cavity is subjected to continuous concentration and ramp type thermal load in stress-free state. The problem is solved in Laplace transformed domain. The aim of this article is to analyze the behavior of field variables under thermoelastic models with different fractional order strain, ramping, and viscosity parameters. Physical data of Copper material is considered for numerical inversion technique and obtained results are plotted graphically. Here it is revealed that fractional order strain parameters lead to lower perturbations of stress and viscous effects result in higher temperature. One temperature and hyperbolic two temperature theories produce similar solutions. Ramp type thermal loading at the boundary significantly influences the temporal profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) device is becoming universal domain and its success cannot be ignored, but its threats on IoT devices increases concurrently. The Cyber-attacks are becoming the component of IoT affecting user's life. The professionals are forced to sift huge data to unveil and manage litigations. Hence, secure IoT is required for comprehending attacks. A model is presented for discovering cyber attack considering feature fusion. The routing of data towards Base Station (BS) is done with the Fractional gravitational search algorithm (FGSA). At BS, cybercrime detection is done, wherein data is splitted with enhanced Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) considering the MapReduce model. In mapper, the feature fusion is done with mutual information and the Deep Quantum Neural Network (DQNN), while reducer performs cybercrime detection. The Fractional Mayfly Shepherd Optimization (FrMSO)-based Deep Belief Network (DBN) is devised for describing the digital examination to notice and trace behaviors of attacks in IoT. Here, the training of DBN is done by the proposed FrMSO algorithm, which is developed by integrating the Fractional Calculus (FC), Mayfly Optimization Algorithm (MA), and the Shuffled shepherd optimization Algorithm (SSOA). The developed model helps to employ the weights of DBN with FrMSO for determining and tracing the abnormal aspects in IoT. The FrMSO-based DBN presented elevated precision of 96.4%, recall of 98.3% and F-measure of 95.4% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have investigated partial and total integral ionisation cross-sections of CF3Cl and CF2Cl2 molecules by a modified Jain-Khare semi-empirical approach during the direct and dissociative ionisation by electron impact. Present results show good agreement with the available data. Besides integral ionisation cross-sections, for the first time, we evaluated partial and total single differential cross sections for these molecules. No other results are available for single differential cross sections to compare the present calculated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lead is a toxic element used commonly in many products like lead-acid batteries, paints, toys etc. Young children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning because of higher absorption capacity in comparison of adults. Safe level of lead exposure has to be established yet. Literature suggests a threshold lead level of 20-40 µg/dL for a decrease in haemoglobin in children. Aim: To assess the correlation between Blood Lead Levels (BLL) and anaemia in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a Paediatric Tertiary Care Hospital of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India during the period of May 2019 to September 2020. Eighty-one children between one to five years of age were included in study. Information was collected regarding general profile of the children and other parameters like socio-economic status (Modified Kuppuswamy scale), history of pica, application of surma, type of toys used, scholastic performance and somatic symptoms. Routine blood investigations were done including Haemoglobin (Hb) and BLL through venous blood sampling. BLL were done at Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE) Gwalior. Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Chi-square test with Yates correlation was applied and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 81 study subjects, 66% (54) were males and 33% (27) were females. Total 59% (48) children had Hb <11 gm/dL, 52% (42) children had BLL <5 µg/dL and 40% (n=32) had BLL between 5-10 µg/dL. There were 9% children (n=7) with BLL more than 10 µg/dL and none beyond 15 µg/dL. In the children it was found to have BLL ≥5 µg/dL, 47.5 % (19) children had haemoglobin levels between 7-11 gm/dL whereas 52.5% (21) had haemoglobin levels above 11 gm/dL. No statistically significant association was found between the BLL and childhood anaemia. Conclusion: This study did not show any relationship between BLL and haemoglobin in children of age one to five years. Scarcity of diagnostic tools for detecting BLL and lack of public awareness regarding the probable sources of lead and its complications may result in missing the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current study, dry-matter accumulation (DMA), pre- and post-anthesis nitrogen (N) accumulation, N translocation (NT) and dry-matter partitioning by sunflower seeds was investigated under three sowing dates (January 20, February 10 & March 2), two intra-row spacings (30 & 24 cm) and four nitrogen doses (0, 45, 60 & 75 kg ha-1) in two alluvial soils. Early sowing resulted in higher DMA and NT; leading to higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) that could be associated with higher pre-anthesis N accumulation. The closer intra-row spacing resulted in higher DMA by all plant parts except seed. Each graded N dose improved DMA, but improvement in dry-matter partitioning to seed was significant up to 60 and 75 kg N ha-1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively owing to higher NT under respective treatments. NUE was highest at 60 kg N ha-1 during both years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Falls are an important contributor to loss of function, morbidity, and mortality in elders. Little is known about falls in Indian populations. The objective of this cross-sectional report was to identify the prevalence and correlates of falls in a cohort of 562 rural southern Indian men and women. Methods. Risk factors included demographics, anthropometrics, self-reported health, medical history, physical function, vision, depression, and lifestyle. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. Results. 71 (13%) subjects reported at least 1 fall in the past year. Prevalence was higher among women (17%) than men (8%), P=0.003. Sex and age showed significant interaction (P=0.04) whereby falls prevalence increased with age among women but decreased among men. Correlates of falls among men included a history of osteoarthritis (OA) (odds ratio (OR): 6.91; 95% CI: 1.4–33.1), depression (OR:9.6; 3.1–30.1), and greater height (OR per 1 standard deviation increase: 2.33; 1.1–5.1). Among women, poor physical performance (OR: 3.33; 1.13–9.86) and history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 2.42; 1.01–5.80) were independently associated with falls. Implications. Prevalence of falls in elderly South Indians was lower than published reports from western countries and likely reflects low exposure to fall risks. Patterns with age differed in men and women and may reflect sex differences in the accuracy of age recall. Presence of comorbidities specifically OA, CVD, and depression was independent correlate of falling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With i ncrease in elderly population, osteoarthritis has become major concern nowadays. Knee joint is most commonly affected joint. A number of methods have been developed in the last few years which help in treating the osteoarthritis knee, which includes non pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical methods. Among the most promising techniques with renewed interest for osteoarthritis knee with deformity is the use of high tibial osteotomy. Unicompartmental osteoarthritis knee with deformity especially in relatively younger age group (less than 60 years) constitutes the main indication. Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate management of osteoarthritis knee by graduated open wedge high tibial osteotomy in 40-60 years age group using limb reconstruction system. Materials and Methods: Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy leaving the lateral cortex intact which acts as a hinge, was done in 30 patients and stabilized by Limb Reconstruction System. Distraction was started at 7th day at the rate of 1 mm/day and continued till proper alignment was achieved. Results: Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy stabilized by unilateral external fixator is a good method for unicompartmental osteoarthritis knee with deformity as it gives precise control over final limb alignment and its ability to perform a residual correction. Deformity correction can be quantified at the time of correction as it is not acute correction. Gradual deformity correction can be done over time by distraction histogenesis with the help of unilateral external fixator. It is also a good method in young patients requiring large correction. Conclusion: Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy is having many benefits over closed wedge osteotomy and stabilization by unilateral external fixator also has its added benefits. It is less invasive, no internal hardware present and safer in terms of neurovascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of injection/suction between 2 horizontal parallel porous flat plates, with transverse sinusoidal injection of fluid at the stationary plate and its corresponding removal by periodic suction through the plate in motion, assuming the sinusoidal injection at the lower plate and its corresponding removal by the upper plate in motion. The approximate solutions were obtained for the flow field, pressure, skin-friction, temperature field, and rate of heat transfer, and are discussed with the help of graphs and tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of a conducting liquid between two parallel periodically heated oscillating plates has been studied. The space between the plates has been divided into two regions (i) clear fluid region and (ii) porous medium region. It is assumed that in region (i) the flow is governed by Navier-Stokes equations while in the region (ii) by Brinkman equations. At the interface the velocity, temperature and skin-friction are assumed to be continuous. A transverse uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the plane. Method of separating of variables is used to solve the resulting equations. The expressions for velocities and temperature fields are obtained. The effects of permeability and magnetic field on the flow characteristic have been studied through several graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy of five insecticides against caseworm, Nymphula depunctalis Stagnalis was evaluated in farmer's field during kharif 2009 and 2010. Spinosad 45 SC @125ml/ha was found most effective among the other formulations. Spinosad, which is a broad-spectrum organic biopesticide, gave the best cost: benefit ratio among the insecticides used, followed by quinalphos @1000ml/ha. Hence, Spinosad 45 SC @125ml/ha has been recommended for the control of caseworm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secondary electron energy-dependent partial differential ionization cross sections at fixed incident electron energies 100 and 200 eV and their integral or total ionization cross sections in the incident electron energy range ionization threshold to 5 keV for C 5 H 5 N Bio-molecule due to electron impact corresponding to the produced major cations are calculated by employing revisited Jain-Khare semiempirical approach. The averaged secondary electron energy and the ionization rate coefficients are calculated from the ionization threshold to 5 keV. The present results are compared with available experimental and theoretical results and are found to be in satisfactory agreement. • The partial and total single differential cross-sections for C 5 H 5 N molecule are evaluated. • The Averaged secondary electron energy as a function of incident electron energy. • The partial and total ionization cross-sections from ionization threshold to 5 keV. • Energy and angle dependent cross sections are evaluated. • Partial and total ionization rate coefficients are also evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic rhinitis is a disease that affects approximately 15–25% of the World population. It is characterized by itching, sneezing, and nasal or postnasal drip. Generally, diagnosis is based on clinical findings and patient history. Laboratory tests that can be used in the diagnosis and clinical course of AR are still limited and should be improved. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet Lymphocyte Ration(PLR) are novel markers for the evaluation of inflammation. This study aims to investigate whether NLR and PLR, would be useful in diagnosis and monitoring the severity of disease in allergic rhinitis. It is a 1 year cross sectional study which assesses 140 patients, 70 belonging each to case and control group. NLR and PLR ratio was measured and compared in case and control groups. Mean NLR was 1.92 in patient group and in control group it was 1.54 (P value < 0.001). Mean PLR was 1.33 in patient group and in control group it was 0.88 (p < 0.001). Mean NLR in mild cases was 1.68 and in moderate to severe cases was 2.15 (p value 0.002). Mean PLR was 1.49 in moderate to severe disease and in mild disease it was 1.18 (p value 0.006). To conclude NLR and PLR were significantly higher in moderate to severe allergic rhinitis and not so in mild cases. Hence in allergic rhinitis NLR and PLR can be used as a marker of severity of disease according to symptoms of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Falls are an important health problem among elderly, with various consequences. The objectives of this study were to estimate 1-year incidence of falls, distribution, and severity of fall-related injuries and to determine risk factors for fall risk among the elderly population aged =60 years. Methods: A total of 140 urban community-dwelling participants aged =60 years were studied using an investigator-administered questionnaire. Short physical performance battery, chair stand test, handgrip strength, and anthropometric measurements were done. The Chi-square test was done to compare fallers and nonfallers. Logistic regression was done for independently associated risk factors. Results: One-year incidence of falls was 14.3%; 17.6% among women and 9.1% among men. Sixty percent of participants had multiple falls. Seventy-five percent of the fallers were overweight or obese. Sprain was the most common reported fall-related injury (20%), whereas 45% had no injuries. Depression (60%), osteoporosis (80%), poor activities of daily living (90%), and polypharmacy (35%) were significantly associated with falls. Osteoporosis (odds ratio: 14.89; 95% confidence interval: 1.91-115.95) was independently associated with fall risk. Conclusions: The burden of falls among urban elderly was low. The majority of the population experienced multiple falls. Since chronic diseases including osteoporosis and poor mobility were directly associated with the risk of falls, further longitudinal studies may explore the health-related and socioenvironmental risks further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulses productivity in Jammu Kashmir, India, in North-Western (NW) Himalayas is far less than the national averages because of poor crop management cultivation of low yielding varieties. Frontline demonstration (FLD) program is an effective technology transfer tool for better technology adoption that bridges the yield gaps. The technological extension yield gaps in pulses crops were studied for 3 years during 2009-10 to 2013-2014 under an FLD programme in the Poonch District of Jammu Kashmir, India, revealing that there was a wide yield gap between potential demonstration yields due to technology extension yield gaps. In case of chickpea on the basis of three year mean data demonstrations gave 40.60 % higher yield than local check or farmers practices. Technological yield gaps affecting yield in pulses were highest in chickpea var. BG-1103(13.00 q ha-1) during rabi 2010-11 followed by moong var. SML 668 (12.40 q ha-1) during 2010-11 while lowest gap was observed in rajmash var. local (0.36 q ha-1) during 2011. In general, the technological gaps were highest in chickpea cultivar (BG-1103) lowest in rajmash cultivars in the present study. Extension yield gap varied to the extent of 0.78 to 6.00 q ha-1 in chickpea. In case of lentil, demonstrations gave 12.77 % higher yield over the local check. Extension yield gap varied from 0.25-12.52 q ha-1 in lentil. In case of moong, FLDs gave 71% higher yield than the local check extension yield gap varied from 1.27 to 1.46 qha-1. In case of mash, demonstration gave 35.5% higher yield than farmers average plot yield whereas in case of rajmash on the basis of five year mean data, demonstration gave 28.73% higher yield. Overall, it is inferred that improved farm technology has great potential in enhancing the pulse productivity and profitability through frontline demonstration programme in Poonch district of Jammu Kashmir collateral farming situations in NW -Himalayas as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to access the concentration of serum glucose in Marwari rams supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves dry ethanolic extract. Twenty four adult poor libido rams of 1.5-3.0 years old and 44 kg average body weight were selected and categorised into 4 experimental groups, consisting of 6 rams in each group. The rams of Group G1 were fed standard diet composed of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + green/dry fodder and of group G2, G3 and G4 were fed same standard diet along with supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract (MOLEE) at the rate of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively for 120 days. The blood samples were collected from day one of experiment to 15 days beyond the completion of experiment at fortnight interval and determined the serum glucose (GLU) concentration by using commercial test kit. Results revealed that serum glucose concentration varied significantly (p<0.01) among the groups and found lowest in the rams of G4 followed by G3, G2 and G1. A significant (p<0.01) decreasing trend was observed from third fortnight period in MOLEE supplemented group G3 and G4, whereas in G1 and G2 significant (p<0.01) fluctuating trend was observed with advancement of fortnight serum collection periods. The present study indicated that Moringa oleifera leaves extract supplementation decreases the concentration of serum glucose in rams, therefore MOLEE may be included in the routine diet of breeding Marwari ram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveillance systems do not give a rapid response to deal with suspicious activities such as armed robbery in public places. Consequently, there is a need for technology that can recognize criminal activities from Closed Circuit Televisions (CCTV) footage without the need of human help. Various high-performance computing algorithms have been developed but are limited to specific conditions. In this paper, we have identified gaps between existing technologies for weapon detection. The automatic detection of guns/weapons could help in the investigation of crime scenes. A new and difficult area of study is identifying the specific type of firearm used in an attack known as intra-class detection. The study examines and classifies the strengths and shortcomings of several existing algorithms using classical machine learning and deep learning approaches, employed in the detection of different kinds of weapons. We have thoroughly compare and analyze the performance of several recent state-of-the-art methods on different datasets along with their future scope. We observed that deep learning techniques beat traditional machine learning techniques in terms of speed and accuracy. • This study focuses the performance of existing automatic weapon detection systems. • A complete taxonomy and evaluation of each weapon detection technique is presented. • Weapon detection using classical machine learning and deep learning are explained. • We have thoroughly examined and discussed the various publicly available datasets. • The comparison of weapon detection methods are given with advantages and flaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolaris sorokiniana, a key pathogenic fungus in the wheat leaf blight complex, was the subject of research that resulted in the development of fifty-five polymorphic microsatellite markers. These markers were then used to examine genetic diversity and population structure in Indian geographical regions. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) like trinucleotides, dinucleotides, and tetranucleotides accounted for 43.37% (1256), 23.86% (691), and 16.54% (479) of the 2896 microsatellite repeats, respectively. There were 109 alleles produced by these loci overall, averaging 2.36 alleles per microsatellite marker. The average polymorphism information content value was 0.3451, with values ranging from 0.1319 to 0.5932. The loci's Shannon diversity varied from 0.2712 to 1.2415. These 36 isolates were divided into two main groups using population structure analysis and unweighted neighbour joining. The groupings were not based on where the isolates came from geographically. Only 7% of the overall variation was found to be between populations, according to an analysis of molecular variance. The high amount of gene flow estimate (NM = 3.261 per generation) among populations demonstrated low genetic differentiation in the entire populations (FST = 0.071). The findings indicate that genetic diversity is often minimal. In order to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of the B. sorokiniana populations, the recently produced microsatellite markers will be helpful. This study's findings may serve as a foundation for developing improved management plans for the leaf blight complex and spot blotch of wheat diseases in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives were to estimate prevalence of obesity among frail individuals aged =80 years and examine the association of obesity with cognitive impairment and depression among frail individuals aged =80 years. Methods: Twohundred community-dwelling participants aged =80 years, were enrolled; 166 frail participants were further analyzed. Obesity and adiposity were determined by Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Body Fat Percentage (BF%). Cognitive impairment and Depression were assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Frailty was assessed by Fried criteria. Chi-Square, t-test, trend-analysis and Logistic Regression (LR) were done. Results: Obesity among Frail individuals aged =80 years was 40% using BMI and 73.2% using WC. Obesity was inversely associated with cognitive impairment and depression among frail individuals. Severity of cognitive impairment and depression was lower among obese frail than non-obese frail. Trend-analysis showed decreasing cognitive impairment and depression with increasing BF%. On LR, obesity among frail individuals had inverse association with cognitive impairment and depression. Conclusion: Obesity among frail individuals aged =80 years was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment and depression in our population. Positive effects of weight gain in oldest old frail individuals and development of cognitive impairment and dementia should be explored in further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolaris species are known to be important plant pathogens that commonly cause leaf spot, root rot, and seedling blight in a wide range of hosts worldwide. In 2017, complex symptomatic cases of maydis leaf blight (caused by Bipolaris maydis) and maize leaf spot (caused by Curvularia lunata) have become increasingly significant in the main maize-growing regions of India. A total of 186 samples of maydis leaf blight and 129 maize leaf spot samples were collected, in 2017, from 20 sampling sites in the main maize-growing regions of India to explore the diversity and identity of this pathogenic causal agent. A total of 77 Bipolaris maydis isolates and 74 Curvularia lunata isolates were screened based on morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal markers—nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, 28S nuclear ribosomal large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), D1/D2 domain of large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and protein-coding gene-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Due to a dearth of molecular data from ex-type cultures, the use of few gene regions for species resolution, and overlapping morphological features, species recognition in Bipolaris has proven difficult. The present study used the multi-gene phylogenetic approach for proper identification and diversity of geographically distributed B. maydis and C. lunata isolates in Indian settings and provides useful insight into and explanation of its quantitative findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the problem of finite-time boundedness of a class of neural networks of Caputo fractional order with time delay and uncertain terms. New sufficient conditions are established by constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals to ensure that the addressed fractional-order uncertain neural networks are finite-time stable. Criteria for finite-time boundedness of the considered fractional-order uncertain models are also achieved. The obtained results are based on a newly developed property of Caputo fractional derivatives, properties of Mittag–Leffler functions and Laplace transforms. In addition, examples are developed to manifest the usefulness of our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective was to determine odds of frailty syndrome with coexistence of hypertension and depression among oldest-old adults. Methods: We analysed secondary data from 167 community-dwelling hypertensive participants aged 80 years and older from a cross-sectional study of frailty conducted in India. Data included sociodemographic, medical history, physical performance, functional limitations, mobility-disability, cognition, depression, sleep, frailty syndrome and chronic diseases. Odds of frailty syndrome was compared among individuals having only hypertension, and individuals having hypertension and depression. Chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression were performed to determine odds of frailty. Results: Frailty was significantly higher (OR:4.93;95%CI:1.89-12.84) among individuals having hypertension and coexisting depression, compared to individuals having only hypertension. Men (OR:5.07;95%CI:1.02-25.17) and women (OR: 4.58;95%CI:1.36-15.40) with hypertension and depression showed a higher risk of frailty, compared with hypertension alone. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, cognitive impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, anaemia, diabetes, obesity, physical performance, activities of daily living and 4-meter walking speed. Conclusion: Coexistence of hypertension and depression increased risk of frailty syndrome among men and women above 80 years of age by almost 5 folds. Treating depression in hypertensive older individuals may reduce the risk of frailty among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oldest-old population is rapidly increasing in all countries, with many prescribed statin therapy. Statins are associated with multiple cardiovascular benefits at various ages. The benefits of statins above the age of 75 are being questioned. The objective of this study was to measure statins use among the oldest-old population, aged 80 years and above, and to study the effect of statins on cognitive function, depression, and quality of sleep. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study randomly enrolled 200 community-dwelling individuals aged >80 years. Data were collected upon home visits on sociodemographic, cognitive functions, depression, sleep, chronic diseases, functional limitations, and disabilities. Cognitive function (Mini Mental State Examination), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), and quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) among individuals using statins versus not using statins were compared. Chi-square test and t-test were done; odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were reported. Logistic regression was done to calculate adjusted OR with age, antidepressants, sedatives, antihistaminics, and sleep medicines. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall prevalence of statin use in our study population was 12%; 11.3% in women and 13.2% in men. Cognitive functions, depression, and quality of sleep improved among those using statins (P < 0.05): cognitive impairment - OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16-0.91; depression -- OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.17-1.02, and poor sleep quality - OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16-0.96. On stratification by gender, men showed a significant association of improved cognitive function and quality of sleep with the use of statins, whereas women did not show any significant associations with cognitive function and quality of sleep but showed almost significant association with improvement in depression. Conclusions: The prevalence of the use of statins was low in our population. Statins had positive effects on cognitive functions, quality of sleep, and depression over 80 years of age in our population, although gender difference exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming has become a critical concern that affects the whole ecology and affects greenhouses in the environment. Therefore, there is a great need to design and create new materials for capturing gases to reduce their environmental effects. The porous nature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as promising gas adsorption and separation candidates and helps reduce global warming by capturing harmful gases like CO 2 , N 2 O, CO, etc. In this review, we have discussed a critical idea for MOF gas adsorbents with insights into the development, synthesis, and structural properties. Moreover, the key factors responsible for gas adsorption and hydrophobicity for fluid gas adsorption are discussed. Furthermore, some recent advances regarding MOFs for CO 2 adsorption/separation have been elucidated in detail. In addition, MOF gas capturing properties and the effect of pore size, surface area, faradaic efficiency, and maximum CO 2 uptake are concluded. The study will open a new pathway for researchers to design and develop efficient gas-capturing materials. [Display omitted] • The design, porosity, surface area, and structural properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are discussed. • MOF applications for carbon dioxide adsorption, storage, and uptaking are discussed. • MOFs computational and machine learning studies for gas adsorption are studied. • Key findings, current challenges, and future direction are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous materials have garnered significant attention in various scientific disciplines, including clinical, medical, and environmental sciences, due to their versatile applications. Recently, a new class of porous materials known as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) has emerged. HOFs are formed through extended frameworks connected via hydrogen bonding and offer distinct advantages, including a well-defined crystalline structure, facile solution processing, and straightforward regeneration processes. These exceptional properties have driven research interest in HOFs, leading to the development of innovative platforms for a wide range of multifunctional applications. HOFs can be tailored to specific porosity and structural requirements by rationalizing the selection of organic building blocks. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles underlying HOFs, synthesis methods, and various hydrogen bonding motifs, such as diaminotriazine (DAT), carboxylic acid (–COOH), and sulfonic acid (–SO 3 H), used in constructing stable HOFs. We discuss recent advancements in HOF research, addressing critical concerns related to stability, reusability, and conductivity, with a focus on electrostatic binding strengths. Additionally, we explore potential applications of HOFs, including proton conduction, catalysis, sensing, luminescent materials, and biotechnology. Finally, we provide insights into the future prospects and challenges associated with HOFs, offering valuable guidance for further exploration and advancement in the dynamic field of porous materials. [Display omitted] • Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) design, synthesis, porosity, surface area, and structural properties are discussed. • HOFs are compared with other porous materials. • HOFs as conductive materials, catalysts, and sensors are studied. • HOF's stability, reusability, challenges, and prospects are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A penalty finite element analysis with bi-quadratic elements is performed to investigate the influence of uniform and non-uniform heating of bottom wall on mixed convection lid driven flows in a square cavity. In the present investigation, bottom wall is uniformly and non-uniformly heated while the two vertical walls are maintained at constant cold temperature and the top wall is well insulated and moving with uniform velocity. A complete study on the effect of Gr shows that the strength of circulation increases with the increase in the value of Gr irrespective of Re and Pr. As the value of Gr increases, there occurs a transition from conduction to convection dominated flow at and for . A detailed analysis of flow pattern shows that the natural or forced convection is based on both the parameters Ri () and Pr. As the value of Re increases from 1 to 102, there occurs a transition from natural convection to forced convection depending on the value of Gr irrespective of Pr. Particularly for higher value of Grashof number (), the effect of natural convection is dominant upto and thereafter the forced convection is dominant with further increase in Re. As Pr increases from 0.015 to 10 for a fixed Re and Gr (), the inertial force gradually becomes stronger and the intensity of secondary circulation gradually weakens. The local Nusselt number () plot shows that the heat transfer rate is very high at the edges of the bottom wall and then decreases at the center of the bottom wall for the uniform heating and that contrasts lower heat transfer rate at the edges for the non-uniform heating of the bottom wall. It is also observed that shows non-monotonic behavior with both uniform and non-uniform heating cases for at higher value of Pr. The average Nusselt number plot for the left or right wall shows a kink or inflexion at for highest value of Pr. Thus the overall power law correlation for average Nusselt number may not be obtained for mixed convection effects at higher Pr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Finite element simulations have been performed to investigate the influence of linearly heated side wall(s) or cooled right wall on mixed convection lid-driven flows in a square cavity. It is interesting to note that multiple circulation cells appear inside the cavity with the increase of Pr for and in the case of linearly heated side walls. For , only two circulation cells are formed inside the cavity. As Pr increases to 0.7, three circulation cells are formed inside the cavity. Further increase in Pr to 10, leads to the formation of four circulation cells inside the cavity. On the other hand, only two circulation cells are formed inside the cavity for the case of cooled right wall. A detailed analysis of flow pattern shows that as the value of Re increases from 1 to , there occurs a transition from natural convection to forced convection depending on the value of Gr irrespective of Pr. It is observed that the secondary vortex at the top left corner disappears for and due to enhanced motion of the upper lid in the case of cooled right wall while a small secondary vortex exist at the bottom right corner in the case of linearly heated side walls. The local Nusselt number () plot shows that heat transfer rate is equal to 1 at the edges for the case of linearly heated side walls case and that is zero at the left edge and thereafter that increases for the case of cooled right wall. It is interesting to observe that is large within due to compression of isotherms for and 10 in the case of linearly heated side wall. It is also observed that or exhibits oscillations especially for at higher Gr due to the presence of multiple circulations. It is also observed that or vs Gr plots show oscillation for two case studies. Average Nusselt numbers at the bottom and right walls are strong functions of Grashof number at larger Prandtl numbers whereas average Nusselt number at the left wall at a specific Pr is a weaker function of Gr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of functional limitations, and sex difference among 140 randomly selected older men (N=55) and women (N= 85) elderly, age varying 60 years and above, living in Hyderabad city, (Telangana State) A Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) as a measurement of physical performance was used as a measure of data collection. Each participant was administered SPPB individually. Functional limitation was classified as a participant with SPPB score < 9. Other measures included, self-reported health status, history of smoking and alcohol, anthropometric measurements, physical functions, and disabilities. The data was analysed keeping in mind age, sex, marital status, education of participants. Chi-square test and t-test were used. Trend analysis was done using logistic regression to determine the pattern of difference in functional limitations in both the sexes. The prevalence of functional limitation was 62.9 per cent. Older women had poorer physical performance measures than older men (OR:2.63; 95%CI: 1.29-5.35). Older women had poorer physical functions than men counterparts. Components of SPPB showing sex differences were poor balance and poor lower limb muscle strength. The pattern of functional limitation with progressing age was different among men and women in the participants of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everybody needs food anywhere, and milk is one of the essential parts of the diet for humans and animals. However, the increasing population has created milk safety concerns due to the excessive use of pesticides, drugs, and chemicals in agriculture. Therefore, the acute monitoring of toxicants from milk and quality will always be in demand. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials with tunable porosity and active functional sites are promising materials for toxicant monitoring. This review studies the insight into the electrochemical and luminescence MOF sensors for monitoring contaminants from milk samples. In addition, the MOF sensor's development, sensitivity, selectivity, and application in milk samples for detecting contaminants with sensing mechanisms and detection limits are discussed. Finally, the challenges, key findings, and future directions for MOF sensors for next-generation milk monitoring are addressed. [Display omitted] • Milk toxicity and materials for analysing are introduced. • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials as electrochemical and luminescence analysis of milk contaminants are discussed. • Fabrication, analytical performances, and signal change insights are studied. • Challenges, key findings, outcomes, and future trends in MOF as milk monitoring biosensors are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and intron length polymorphism (ILP) primers were developed and characterized from public sequence data in horsegram. All characterized primers amplified alleles in a range of 1–8 with an average of 2.64 alleles per primer. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.048 for primers MUMS-24, MUMST-21, MUMST-26 and MUMST-29 to 0.755 in MUMS-10 with an average of 0.360. Dendrogram and principal component analysis showed that newly characterized SSR and ILP markers developed in this study distinguished horsegram germplasm lines into two groups and revealed two genetic stocks for characterized germplasm. Cross-amplification of these developed markers was tested across 12 related legume species. Nineteen primers pairs showed a maximum of 100 % cross-transferability, while a minimum of 8.3 % transferability was shown by 27 primers. As no genomic resources are available in horsegram, these newly developed markers can advance molecular breeding research in this crop species and can be helpful in germplasm characterization, diversity studies, mapping and in comparative genomic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transient signal abnormality in the splenium of corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is occasionally encountered in clinical practice. It has been reported in various clinical conditions apart from patients with epilepsy. We describe 4 patients with different etiologies presenting with signal changes in the splenium of corpus callosum. They were diagnosed as having progressive myoclonic epilepsy (case 1), localization-related epilepsy (case 2), hemicrania continua (case 3), and postinfectious parkinsonism (case 4). While three patients had complete involvement of the splenium on diffusion-weighted image ("boomerang sign"), the patient having hemicrania continua showed semilunar involvement ("mini-boomerang") on T2-weighted and FLAIR image. All the cases had noncontiguous involvement of the splenium. We herein, discuss these cases with transient splenial involvement and stress that such patients do not need aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. An attempt has been made to review the literature regarding the pathophysiology, etiology, and outcome of such lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Acute dengue myositis is characterized by fever and myalgia (with or without muscle weakness). Method: The 7 cases of acute dengue myositis were retrospectively evaluated in the present study. Dengue myositis was diagnosed on the basis of a clinical picture consistent with the infection, elevated creatine phosphokinase, normal CSF, positive serum IgM for dengue virus, and the exclusion of other causes. Results: The mean age of patients was 19.4 (range 3–40) years. Majority (5) of the patients were male. In our series 3 of the cases suffered from fulminant myositis. They were characterized by generalized weaknesses which included the respiratory muscles. All the 3 patients had markedly elevated creatine phosphokinase levels (ranging from 16,590 to 117,200IU/L). Two patients suffering from fulminant myositis required mechanical ventilation. However, they succumbed to their illnesses. The third patient showed signs of improvement. One case had paraparesis and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level. However, a spontaneous complete recovery was observed. The remaining 3 cases had quadriparesis with trunk and neck weaknesses, sparing of respiratory muscles, creatine phosphokinase levels up to 3000U/L. However, a complete recovery was observed in these patients within 4weeks. Conclusion: To conclude, early respiratory involvement, high creatine phosphokinase values, and severe myalgia suggest a severe form of dengue myositis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• T. asperellum is an effective biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum graminicola. • T. asperellum reduces anthracnose disease in sorghum crops under glass house and field condition. • T. asperellum triggers systemic defenses against Colletotrichum graminicola in sorghum plants. Sorghum anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum graminicola , is a destructive disease, and increasing dependency on chemical fungicides for its control has serious environmental concerns since sorghum is fed to cattle. Thus there is a need to develop effective bio-pesticide for biological control of C. graminicola. Since Trichoderma is a proven biocontrol agent against plant pathogens, exploring the greater diversity that exists in Trichoderma, could be of notable economic significance in terms of disease control. To harness the hidden potential of Trichoderma strains against C. graminicola , a study was undertaken with 20 Trichoderma spp. isolated from 40 rhizospheric soil samples. Dual plate antagonism assay indicated the potential of T3, T4, T6, T15, and T19 isolates of Trichoderma against C. graminicola , with T3 isolate showing maximum (76.47%) mycelial growth inhibition. Molecular characterization based on the sequence analysis of ITS-rRNA and tef - 1α genes identified these isolates as Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum. Under the glasshouse condition, biopriming of seed with Trichoderma spp. had significantly decreased the percent disease index to 32.92% and helped improve plant growth-promoting attributes compared to untreated control. Seed biopriming with T3 isolate exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activities in terms of superoxide dismutase (36.63%), peroxidase (43.59%), and polyphenol oxidase (40.96%) at 48 h after pathogen inoculation. In most treatments, lignifications were highest in the epidermis, endodermis protophloem, metaphloem, pericycle, and protoxylem of sorghum roots after the 15th-day pathogen inoculation, indicating the strengthening of defense mechanism. To further evaluate, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (Kharif season of 2018 and 2019) to test the best five isolates (T3, T4, T6, T15, and T19) against sorghum anthracnose. Lowest percent disease index of 54.90% and 53.68% and AUDPC value of 740.87 and 751.67 was reported from T. asperellum T3 bioprimed plants in the year 2018 and 2019, respectively, at 75 days after sowing. T. asperellum T3 isolate showed a significant increase in sorghum yield up to 22.22% and 27.29% higher than untreated control during the 2018 and 2019 Kharif season, respectively. This study indicated that T. asperellum T3 could be a potential biocontrol agent for managing the anthracnose of sorghum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]