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Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of the en bloc technique with the standard 2-lobe technique for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Methods: This prospective study included patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent HoLEP from September 2020 to March 2022, by en bloc or 2-lobe technique. Patient demographics, prostate volume, enucleation, morcellation and operative time, and incidence of postoperative incontinence were compared between the 2 groups. Results: We included 64 patients (30 en bloc and 34 2-lobe techniques) who underwent HoLEP in this study. The mean age, prostate volume, creatinine, and PSA of patients were comparable in both groups [(68.53 vs. 67.55 years; P = .62), (79.43 vs. 79.88 g, P = .92), (1.08 mg/dL vs. 1.20 mg/dL, P = .35), (3.78 vs. 4.63 ng/mL; P = .376), respectively]. The enucleation time was significantly shorter in the en bloc group than in the 2-lobe group (54.2 vs. 61.67; P = .03). Additionally, the mean operative time was also comparatively shorter in the en bloc group than the 2-lobe group (72.36 vs. 80.50; P = .057). The improvement in the quality-of-life (QoL) score was significantly better with en bloc than the 2-lobe group (3.80 vs. 2.11; P = .01). There was a significant difference in stress urinary incontinence on days 1, 7, and 30 (P < .001) with en bloc compared to the two-lobe technique. Conclusion: Although the outcomes of en bloc and 2-lobe endoscopic enucleation of prostate techniques were comparable, the en bloc technique seems to be a better option in most patients undergoing HoLEP due to less enucleation and operative time and lowered stress urinary incontinence incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐DQA1*05:05:17:03 differs from HLA‐DQA1*05:05:01:02 by a single base substitution in exon 1 and HLA‐DQA1*05:05:17:01 within introns 1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐C*06:372 differs from HLA‐C*06:02:01:01 by a single substitution in exon 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work delivers a novel technique to detect brain tumor with the help of enhanced watershed modeling integrated with a modified ResNet50 architecture. It also involves stochastic approaches to help in developing enhanced watershed modeling. Cancer diseases, primarily the brain tumor, have been exponentially raised which has alarmed researchers from academia and industry. Nowadays, researchers need to attain a more effective, accurate, and trustworthy brain tumor tissue detection and classification approach. Different from traditional machine learning methods that are just targeting to enhance classification efficiency, this work highlights the process to extract several deep features to diagnose brain tumor effectively. This paper explains the modeling of a novel technique by integrating the modified ResNet50 with the Enhanced Watershed Segmentation (EWS) algorithm for brain tumor classification and deep feature extraction. The proposed model uses the ResNet50 model with a modified layer architecture including five convolutional layers and three fully connected layers. The proposed method can retain the optimal computational efficiency with high-dimensional deep features. This work obtains a comprised feature set by retrieving the diverse deep features from the ResNet50 deep learning model and feeds them as input to the classifier. The good performing capability of the proposed model is achieved by using hybrid features of ResNet50. The brain tumor tissue images were extracted by the suggested hybrid deep feature-based modified ResNet50 model and the EWS-based modified ResNet50 model with a high classification accuracy of 92% and 90%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth and urbanization lead to urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Urbanization is occurring at a very high rate in the Surat city. Thus, the study of the urbanization impact on the UHI effect for the Surat city is performed in the present study through studying the impact of land use land cover on the land surface temperature of urban and sub-urban areas of the Surat city over the period May 1998 to May 2018. Also, these effects are compared with that of a nearby sub-urban taluka Kamrej, which showed that temperature in urban areas is more than that of the sub-urban areas. Aforesaid facts clearly showing the existence of the UHI effect in the Surat city. As urbanization contributes to climate change, its effects on rainfall are studied by comparing rainfall trends of urban and sub-urban areas of the Surat city and nearby sub-urban area Kamrej. Trend analysis showed that trend magnitude values are higher for the urban areas than sub-urban areas, indicating that UHI effect increases rainfall in urban areas. Hotspot analysis is also performed for the Surat city corresponding to May 2018 to recognize hot spots and cold spots. As the Surat city is highly urbanized, thus, hotspots are more than cold spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of writing this paper is to give a holistic view of farm law and the viewpoint of the legal provisions unveiling them in contrast to existing laws and issues. The paper is divided into three segments wherein the first segment authors discuss the viewpoints of the requirement of this law and how this law passed. In the second segment, the authors unveil the new farms act and its legal provision for comprehending the structure that the government portrays. In the third segment, the authors focused on the interim order of the apex court wherein the real problem about the question of law is still untouched. The outcome of the paper gives an idea about the new farm law and the issues and also existing issues of the present farm laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the linear time-branching time spectrum of equivalences for a subclass of interactive Markov chains (IMCs) that are not subject to any further synchronization. This subclass of IMCs is known as closed IMCs. We define several variants of trace equivalence by performing button pushing experiments on stochastic trace machines. We establish the relation between these equivalences and also compare them with bisimulation for closed IMCs. Next, we define several variants of stutter trace equivalence for closed IMCs. We perform button pushing experiments with stutter insensitive stochastic trace machines to obtain these equivalences. We investigate the relationship among these stutter trace equivalences and also compare them with weak bisimulation for closed IMCs. We discuss the relation between several strong and weak trace equivalences defined in this paper. Next, we use these results to sketch the linear time-branching time spectrum of equivalences for IMCs. Finally, we prove that maximum and minimum probabilities of satisfying properties specified using metric temporal logic (MTL) formulas are preserved under some of these trace and stutter trace equivalences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is associated with a loss of metabolic homeostasis and plasticity, which is causally linked to multiple age-onset pathologies. The majority of the interventions—genetic, dietary, and pharmacological—that have been found to slow aging and protect against age-related disease in various organisms do so by targeting central metabolic pathways. However, targeting metabolic pathways chronically and ubiquitously makes it difficult to define the downstream effects responsible for lifespan extension and often results in negative effects on growth and health, limiting therapeutic potential. Insight into how metabolic signals are relayed between tissues, cells, and organelles opens up new avenues to target metabolic regulators locally rather than globally for healthy aging. In this review, we discuss the pro-longevity effects of targeting metabolic pathways in specific tissues and how these interventions communicate with distal cells to modulate aging. These studies may be crucial in designing interventions that promote longevity without negative health consequences. Multiple metabolic pathways can be manipulated to slow the rate of aging, but doing so ubiquitously can have negative physiological consequences. Smith et al. review evidence that targeting central age-related metabolic pathways in specific tissues can promote healthy aging and might circumnavigate detrimental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise attenuates the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Gene signaling pathway analysis offers an opportunity to discover if electrically induced muscle exercise regulates key pathways among people living with spinal cord injury (SCI). We examined short-term and long-term durations of electrically induced skeletal muscle exercise on complex gene signaling pathways, specific gene regulation, and epigenetic tagging of PGC1a, a major transcription factor in skeletal muscle of men with SCI. After short- or long-term electrically induced exercise training, participants underwent biopsies of the trained and untrained muscles. RNA was hybridized to an exon microarray and analyzed by a gene set enrichment analysis. We discovered that long-term exercise training regulated the Reactome gene sets for metabolism (38 gene sets), cell cycle (36 gene sets), disease (27 gene sets), gene expression and transcription (22 gene sets), organelle biogenesis (4 gene sets), cellular response to stimuli (8 gene sets), immune system (8 gene sets), vesicle-mediated transport (4 gene sets), and transport of small molecules (3 gene sets). Specific gene expression included: oxidative catabolism of glucose including PDHB (P < 0.001), PDHX (P < 0.001), MPC1 (P < 0.009), and MPC2 (P < 0.007); Oxidative phosphorylation genes including SDHA (P < 0.006), SDHB (P < 0.001), NDUFB1 (P < 0.002), NDUFA2 (P < 0.001); transcription genes including PGC1- (P < 0.030) and PRKAB2 (P < 0.011); hypertrophy gene MSTN (P < 0.001); and the myokine generating FNDC5 gene (P < 0.008). Long-term electrically induced exercise demethylated the major transcription factor PGC1a. Taken together, these findings support that long-term electrically induced muscle activity regulates key pathways associated with muscle health and systemic metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text classification involves organizing textual information into predefined classes, a task which is particularly useful in domains like sentiment analysis, spam detection, and content labeling. In India, where a massive amount of information is generated daily through newspapers and social media, Hindi is one of the most widely used and spoken languages. However, there is limited research on Hindi text classification and, particularly, regarding Hindi news classification. This paper presents a research study to classify Hindi news articles published in Hindi-language newspapers in India by using and comparing various Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. To prepare the textual news data for classification, pre-processing and feature engineering techniques, such as count vectorizer, Tf-Idf vectorizer and Doc2Vec, were used and applied to convert texts into vectors. This pre-processing step on the textual data was very challenging due to the presence of multimodal words, conjunctions, punctuation, and special characters in Hindi texts. The study considered Hindi news headlines from predetermined categories (Science, Sports, Entertainment and Business) and, among the different ML and DL models tested and evaluated, Linear Regression with Doc2Vec vectorizer and SGD classifier with Tf-Idf vectorizer produced best accuracies of 97.04% and 96.59%, respectively. The best performing DL model was found to be the Bi-LSTM with an accuracy of approximately 97% on the testing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguity means that a single reader can interpret the natural language (NL) software requirement in more than one way or that multiple readers come to different interpretations. Ambiguous NL software requirements may result in the production of poor quality software artifacts in later stages of software development life cycle. In the literature, several approaches have been proposed to identify multiple meanings of commonly used terms in different application domains, i.e., cross-domain ambiguities. Unfortunately, none of these approaches are able to identify different contexts in which a term has been used within the requirements document of a single application domain or in a multidisciplinary project document. We call this type of ambiguity as intra-domain ambiguity. We have designed and developed TABASCO, a tool for detecting and identifying such ambiguities present in the software requirements and other project-related documents. TABASCO focuses on detecting nouns which have been used in different contexts by computing contextual embeddings represented as real-valued vector for every instance of a candidate noun present in the document using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) as a language model. In the next step, K-means clustering algorithm with cosine similarity metric is applied which allows creating multiple clusters for a candidate noun such that each cluster contains all those instances which have been used in a similar context. TABASCO provides an intuitive graphical user interface which can be used to generate a summary report and a detailed report for each target noun providing the details of different contexts in which this noun has been used in the project. The detailed report also presents the most similar words for every occurrence of the target noun and some example sentences from the corpus to show the context-specific meaning. Our demonstrative experiments using two case studies show that TABASCO can be very useful for identifying intra-domain ambiguities in software requirements and other project-related documents written using NL text. • A user-friendly tool for detecting intra-domain ambiguities in software requirements. • Based on the idea of BERT embeddings and K-means clustering. • Does not require training a machine learning model from the scratch. • Generates a summary report and a detailed report for every context in which a term has been used. • Validated on a large-sized requirements case study, i.e., PURE dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) is a metabolic sensor that promotes growth when nutrients are abundant. Ubiquitous inhibition of mTORC1 extends lifespan in multiple organisms but also disrupts several anabolic processes resulting in stunted growth, slowed development, reduced fertility, and disrupted metabolism. However, it is unclear if these pleotropic effects of mTORC1 inhibition can be uncoupled from longevity. Here, we utilize the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system to restrict mTORC1 inhibition to C. elegans neurons. We find that neuron-specific degradation of RAGA-1, an upstream activator of mTORC1, or LET-363, the ortholog of mammalian mTOR, is sufficient to extend lifespan in C. elegans. Unlike raga-1 loss of function genetic mutations or somatic AID of RAGA-1, neuronal AID of RAGA-1 robustly extends lifespan without impairing body size, developmental rate, brood size, or neuronal function. Moreover, while degradation of RAGA-1 in all somatic tissues alters the expression of thousands of genes, demonstrating the widespread effects of mTORC1 inhibition, degradation of RAGA-1 in neurons only results in around 200 differentially expressed genes with a specific enrichment in metabolism and stress response. Notably, our work demonstrates that targeting mTORC1 specifically in the nervous system in C. elegans uncouples longevity from growth and reproductive impairments, and that many canonical effects of low mTORC1 activity are not required to promote healthy aging. These data challenge previously held ideas about the mechanisms of mTORC1 lifespan extension and underscore the potential of promoting longevity by neuron-specific mTORC1 modulation. Author summary: Inhibition of the metabolic pathway mTORC1 has been shown to extend lifespan in many organisms and has gained traction as a possible anti-aging therapeutic. However, in addition to lifespan extension, chronic and body-wide mTORC1 inhibition results in a downregulation of anabolic processes that leads to unwanted side effects such as impaired growth, development, and reproduction in C. elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice. An open question in the field is if mTORC1 inhibition can be restricted to specific tissues to promote longevity while minimizing the anabolic trade-offs. In this study, we test this hypothesis using the model organism C. elegans and the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system which provides many advantages over previous techniques used to study the tissue-specificity of mTORC1 in aging. We find that degradation of mTORC1 pathway components specifically in the neurons robustly extends lifespan while preserving normal growth, development, and reproduction. Furthermore, we find that animals with neuronal mTORC1 inhibition maintain functional sensory neurons and have changes in the expression of genes related to stress response and metabolism. This work challenges previously held theories that anabolic trade-offs are required for mTORC1 longevity and highlights a critical role for neuronal mTORC1 in the regulation of organismal aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Splinting is a procedure by which a tooth resistance to an applied force, is increased by joining it, to a neighboring tooth or teeth, is a well-accepted clinical treatment used to control irreversible tooth mobility through mechanical stabilization. It has the advantage of stabilizing mobile teeth by forming a firm unit, minimizing tooth mobility and greatly improving the occlusal function of the teeth. Splinting is considered an important component of a periodontal treatment plan because of its ability to provide coaptive stability to the teeth and greatly improve the outcome and prognosis of teeth affected by periodontal disease. Splinting is regarded as an integral part of periodontal therapy because it is used to maintain periodontally migrated teeth that have been repositioned and also used before periodontal surgery to stabilize mobile teeth during postsurgical healing as such stabilization creates a more favorable environment for periodontal repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A normal phase high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved using precoated silica gel aluminum plate G60 F254 and a mixture of acetonitrile/water/ammonia (30%) (8:1.4:0.4, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis of Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL was carried out using Camag TLC Scanner 3. The method was linear between 100 and 600ng/spot for Artesunate, and 50 and 300ng/spot for Amodiaquine HCL. The detection limit for Artesunate and Amodiaquine was found to be 25 and 12.5ng/spot, respectively, whereas quantitation limit was 60ng/spot for Artesunate and 30ng/spot for Amodiaquine HCL. The method demonstrated good and consistent recoveries (98.07–99.88%for Artesunate and 99.28–100.94%for Amodiaquine HCL) with low inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation. The validated method was applied successfully to quantify Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was found to be precise, sensitive, and accurate for the simultaneous determination Artesunate and Amodiaquine HCL in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Laryngeal tuberculosis is often misdiagnosed and is a highly contagious public health problem. The changing pattern of the clinical involvement of this disease poses a diagnostic challenge. The authors report four cases of laryngeal tuberculosis encountered in a short span of one month. Materials and Methods: All the four patients who presented to us with hoarseness had underlying active lesions in the lung. In spite of that they presented with mainly laryngeal symptoms and a multitude of findings on laryngeal examination. A diagnosis could be established owing to a high index of clinical suspicion, and due consideration given to the chest findings and positive sputum examination. The patients showed an excellent response to antituberculous therapy. Results and Conclusions: This study underlines the varied nature of laryngeal tuberculosis and the importance of addressing the hoarseness of a patient at the earliest, for the prompt diagnosis of this infectious condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastomas are rare, slowly growing and locally invasive tumours with high recurrence rate, if not treated they can grow to enormous size; we report five such cases in our article and discuss their surgical management. We report five cases of giant ameloblastoma presented in our institute between 2007 and 2010, we treated them surgically with wide margin of resection. It is widely reported that recurrence of ameloblastoma in many cases reflects the inadequacy or failure of the primary surgical procedure. We treated all our cases with radical excision with free flap reconstruction with no recurrence in any of our patients in 2 years follow-up. Radical excision of these benign but locally invasive lesions, which grows to giant size with reconstruction using micro vascular free flaps forms the best modality of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author talks about finding online community during a pandemic like Coronavirus. It mentions that university students have started using Slack application to connect with their friends or professors. It also mentions that universities have inundated students with emails encouraging them about good hygiene practices and social distancing to contain the spread of the Covid-19.

Ram Janmbhoomi (birth place of Lord Rama) is the most controversial dispute of the independent India. The dispute was existing in pre-independence era but after independence dispute has changed the direction and condition of Indian political system. There was claim that mosque was built after the demolition of Ram temple. This dispute was so intense that it brought the incident of demolition of mosque in 1992. After demolition suit was filed from both the side: Muslim and Hindu. The decision of apex court on civil suit came after 27 years. The apex court took the cognizance of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) report to decide the claim of parties. This paper aims to give a brief background of Ramjanmbhoomi dispute; explore evidentiary value of expert opinion; whether archaeology is science or art; to evaluate the evidentiary value of archaeological report prepared by ASI through evacuation in the judgement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted the first comprehensive investigation on the impact of head group modifications on the anticancer activities of fatty-acid-like Pt(IV) prodrugs (FALPs), which are a class of platinum-based metallodrugs that target mitochondria. We created a small library of FALPs (1–9) with diverse head group modifications. The outcomes of our study demonstrate that hydrophilic modifications exclusively enhance the potency of these metallodrugs, whereas hydrophobic modifications significantly decrease their cytotoxicity. To further understand this interesting structure–activity relationship, we chose two representative FALPs (compounds 2 and 7) as model compounds: one (2) with a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) head group, and the other (7) with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon modification of the same molecular weight. Using these FALPs, we conducted a targeted investigation on the mechanism of action. Our study revealed that compound 2, with hydrophilic modifications, exhibited remarkable penetration into cancer cells and mitochondria, leading to subsequent mitochondrial and DNA damage, and effectively eradicating cancer cells. In contrast, compound 7, with hydrophobic modifications, displayed a significantly lower uptake and weaker cellular responses. The collective results present a different perspective, indicating that increased hydrophobicity may not necessarily enhance cellular uptake as is conventionally believed. These findings provide valuable new insights into the fundamental principles of developing metallodrugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Cholesteatoma Decoded - Indian Scenario" by Jyoti Dabholkar is presented.

An abstract of the article "Current trends in managing complications of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma" by Jyoti Dabholkar and others is presented.

Dear Editor: Recently a study from north India reported 32% prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), and based on symptoms 81% were severe DED.[[1]] Another study from south India reported 1.46% DED incidence.[[2]] The authors predicted that within the end of next decade, large number of urban and rural populations would have DED. The crude and age-adjusted prevalence rate in males was 15.2% and 18.4% (95%CI: 14.1-22.8%), and in females was 20.5% and 23.3% (95%CI: 18.2-28.4%), respectively.{Table 1}{Table 2} Our results of lower prevalence offer a different perspective. Studies [[4]],[[5]] reporting low DE prevalence like ours, are from less urban areas than those [[1]],[[2]] reporting higher prevalence. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of a 13‑year‑old boy who is presented with complaints of gradual, painless diminution of vision in both eyes for 3 years. The topics addressed include details on the general examination which showed marfanoid habitus and patient manifested with features of both propounding the heightened risk of "dual mechanism" glaucoma.

One of the most common nasal pathologies to present to an otolaryngologist is polyposis. Two well-recognized forms occur, the common antrochoanal polyp and the rare sphenochoanal polyp. Differentiation between the two is necessary for proper management by endoscopic sinus surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand of energy harvesting and wearable electronics applications requires the development of flexible and highly durable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG). In this work, We have fabricated flexible ZnO:PVDF based PENGs for vibrational energy harvesting and shoe insole pedometer application s. ZnO nanorods were grown by hydrothermal method and incorporated into PVDF matrixes in the concentration range of 5–15 wt%. These homogeneous ZnO:PVDF composite films were sandwiched between Al electrodes to realize flexible free standing PENGs. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc) and instantaneous power density of PENGs increased from ∼ 4 V, 0.4 µA and 1.6 µW/cm2 to ∼ 14.6 V, 0.6 µA and 21.3 µW/cm2 respectively when ZnO nanorods concentration in PVDF increased from 0 to 10 wt% and decreased with further increase in ZnO nanorods concentration. The enhancement in output characteristics of ZnO:PVDF PENG with increasing ZnO concentration was attributed to β-phase crystallization of PVDF, which was confirmed by XRD and FTIR measurements. The deterioration in output characteristics beyond 10 wt% of ZnO nanorods concentration was explained considering the variation of dielectric constant and remnant polarization. The rectified output of the PENGs was effectively stored in various commercially available capacitors and used to power LEDs and stopwatch displays. The PENG with 10 wt% ZnO concentration was used to develop shoe insole pedometer which was interfaced with android based mobile application via Bluetooth. The shoe insole pedometer was successfully tested for 5000 steps at different walking frequencies ranging from 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz in the speed range of ∼ 1.4 km/h to 5.5 km/h. This study not only gives an insight into the mechanism of ZnO:PVDF based PENGs but also opens up their potential in vibration energy harvesting and shoe insole pedometer applications. • ZnO:PVDF based flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) were fabricated with variable ZnO nanofiller concentrations. • The variation of output performance of ZnO:PVDF based PENGs was studied with ZnO nanofiller concentrations. • The PENGs were able to power capacitors, LEDs, and LCDs. • A pedometer device has been fabricated using the ZnO:PVDF based flexible PENG sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle exercise regulates several important metabolic genes in humans. We know little about the effects of environmental stress (heat) and mechanical stress (vibration) on skeletal muscle. Passive mechanical stress or systemic heat stress are often used in combination with many active exercise programs. We designed a method to deliver a vibration stress and systemic heat stress to compare the effects with active skeletal muscle contraction. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether active mechanical stress (muscle contraction), passive mechanical stress (vibration), or systemic whole body heat stress regulates key gene signatures associated with muscle metabolism, hypertrophy/atrophy, and inflammation/repair. Methods: Eleven subjects, six able-bodied and five with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) participated in the study. The six able-bodied subjects sat in a heat stress chamber for 30 minutes. Five subjects with SCI received a single dose of limb-segment vibration or a dose of repetitive electrically induced muscle contractions. Three hours after the completion of each stress, we performed a muscle biopsy (vastus lateralis or soleus) to analyze mRNA gene expression. Results: We discovered repetitive active muscle contractions up regulated metabolic transcription factors NR4A3 (12.45 fold), PGC-1α (5.46 fold), and ABRA (5.98 fold); and repressed MSTN (0.56 fold). Heat stress repressed PGC-1α (0.74 fold change; p < 0.05); while vibration induced FOXK2 (2.36 fold change; p < 0.05). Vibration similarly caused a down regulation of MSTN (0.74 fold change; p < 0.05), but to a lesser extent than active muscle contraction. Vibration induced FOXK2 (p < 0.05) while heat stress repressed PGC-1α (0.74 fold) and ANKRD1 genes (0.51 fold; p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings support a distinct gene regulation in response to heat stress, vibration, and muscle contractions. Understanding these responses may assist in developing regenerative rehabilitation interventions to improve muscle cell development, growth, and repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space astronomy in the last 40 years has largely been done from spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) for which the technology is proven and delivery mechanisms are readily available. However, new opportunities are arising with the surge in commercial aerospace missions. We describe here one such possibility: deploying a small instrument on the Moon. This can be accomplished by flying onboard the Indian entry to the Google Lunar X PRIZE competition, Team Indus mission, which is expected to deliver a nearly 30 kgs of payloads to the Moon, with a rover as its primary payload. We propose to mount a wide-field far-UV (130-180 nm) imaging telescope as a payload on the Team Indus lander. Our baseline operation is a fixed zenith pointing but with the option of a mechanism to allow observations of different attitudes. Pointing towards intermediate ecliptic latitude (50 or above) ensures that the Sun is at least 40 off the line of sight at all times. In this position, the telescope can cover higher galactic latitudes as well as parts of Galactic plane. The scientific objectives of such a prospective are delineated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jaw bones may develop the same types of tumors as the other bones of the body but may also develop tumors arising from the alveolar processes (epulis) and the developing teeth (odontomes). They are usually benign in nature and can affect the functions of mastication, swallowing and cause facial deformity. They make about 3% of all bone tumors with a tendency for a local recurrence if a wide excision is not contemplated at the first attempt. Local destruction caused by the tumor can mimic a malignancy; however with imaging we can get a fair idea about the treatment planning. We present a series of 6 cases of such nature for their variety, diagnostic challenge they posed and different reconstruction methods used for better cosmesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary amyloidosis of larynx is an uncommon phenomenon, the precise etiopathogenesis of which is not yet clear. It can present with slowly increasing hoarseness or difficulty in breathing. It presents more commonly as infiltrative lesion, exophytic presentation is a rare occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]