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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women across the world. By 2030, the global burden of breast cancer will have risen to nearly 2 million new cases each year. The incidence of breast cancer is rising in India (22.9%) and is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study from 2019 to 2021 at a tertiary care centre in south India, to compare the ER, PR and Her-2/Neu receptor status in pre and post-menopausal women. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. All patients presenting to the department of surgery with FNAC/TRUCUT biopsy-proven breast carcinoma were incorporated in the study population. Results: A total of 370 participants were included in the final analysis with 185 participants in each pre-menopausal and post-menopausal group. The mean age of participants was 62.51 ± 7.15 years in post-menopausal group and 35.95 ± 3.01 years in the pre-menopausal group. Conclusion: In summary, hormonal receptor status was positive in higher proportion of premenopausal women, which is dissimilar to the literature available internationally. This finding highlights the role for preoperative biopsy in patients with suspicious lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Pressure symptoms are usually uncommon in multinodular goitre (MNG). Imaging modalities fail to define the functional air flow dynamics of the upper airway. The airway-related changes due to MNG can be understood using a Pulmonary function test (PFT). To address this lacuna, this study was conducted to compare the pulmonary function profile of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with benign MNGs using a pre-operative and post-operative pulmonary function test using Spirometry and assessing if surgery had an impact on airway status with varying volumes of thyroid gland measured with ultrasound Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in South India between 2019-2020. Twenty-five patients with MNG undergoing total thyroidectomy were included in the study population. PFT (Spirometry -- Lung volume & Flow volume loop) was performed preoperatively and was compared with post-operative PFT after 6 weeks of surgery. The desired variables -- Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1 ratio & Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were analysed & interpreted to ascertain changes in respective values attributable to surgery. Results: Mean (MEDIAN)thyroid gland volume(cc) of 25 participants in our study was 50.28 ±50.03. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the FVC (Preoperative mean 2.16 ± 0.59 to post-operative mean 2.43 ± 0.78), FEV1 (1.79 ± 0.53 to 2.07 ± 0.69), PEFR (356.8 ± 101.4 to 388 ± 99.4). However, the change in FEV1/FVC ratio (0.83 ± 0.05 to 0.84 ± 0.05) did not approach statistical significance. The study showed that in patients without restrictive lung disease, there is a statistically significant improvement in airflow dynamics following total thyroidectomy, irrespective of the volume of the gland. Conclusion: Alleviating upper airway obstruction is an important facet of surgical intervention for thyroid disease. Early surgery to prevent progressive worsening of the degree of obstruction should be considered, irrespective of the volume of the thyroid gland for patients with intrathoracic goitre and in cervical MNG with pre-existing airway compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a high incidence of peripheral vascular occlusive disease (PVOD) in patients with diabetes and this can result in poor outcomes of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) and wound healing. Objectives: To compare wound healing in DFU patients with and without PVOD and evaluate differences in wound healing with age and other factors. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 40 patients with grade 3 (based on Wagner classification) diabetic foot ulcers. Patients with a history of amputation, grade 4 and above ulcers were excluded from the study. based on ankle-brachial index (ABI) values, they were divided into two groups, with and without PVOD. After mapping the initial wound surface area on a graph sheet, wounds were debrided, treated with debriding agents and wound dressing done. All patients were followed once a month for 3 months, each time mapping the progress of wound surface area. Results: Mean age of patients was 64.05 +/-8.56 (SD). The mean ABI of patients with PVOD was 0.67, while that without PVOD was 1.12 (p<0.001). There was no difference in the rate of wound healing between the two groups (p=0.3487) and with standard care both sets of patients healed well. Conclusion: This study did not find any clinically significant difference in the healing of diabetic ulcers with or without PVOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Urethral cancer in females is a rare occurrence. Although initially believed to be derived from skene glands, there is no consensus on the cell of origin. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common, whereas adenocarcinoma is the least common. We report the case of a 58-years-old lady with a history of voiding lower urinary tract symptoms, later requiring a suprapubic cystostomy for retention. Cystoscopy and biopsy showed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) negative adenocarcinoma and postiron emission computed tomography (PETCT) showing pelvic and inguinal nodal metastasis. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by anterior exenteration with pelvic lymphadenectomy and ileal conduit. Final histology showed ypT4 yN1 adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.)