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The sol-gel methodology was exploited for the production of Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles, at different sintering temperatures (750, 950, and 1150 °C). The nanometer size crystallites were evaluated utilizing the Debye Scherrer formulae in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. The two bands manifested in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra near 600 cm−1 (tetrahedral site) and 400 cm−1 (octahedral site) ratify the formation of spinel structure for all sintering temperatures. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs estimate the average size of the particle by using ImageJ software and reveal the agglomerated grains, which are inhomogeneous in shape and size. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) study confirms the stoichiometry and composition of the synthesized specimens. For an enhancement in the sintering temperature, the enhancement in the saturation magnetization was perceived in the magnetic studies by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). With regard to all incorporated samples, the squareness ratio was assessed to be under 0.5 which assimilates to a multi-domain structure. For all scan rates and current densities, the prepared Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 (1150 °C) had the higher value of the specific capacitance as portrayed through the electrochemical study. Highlights: Sol-gel technique was adopted to prepare Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles. Pure spinel phase structure with cubic symmetry was observed at 1150 °C. With the sintering temperature agglomeration of the gains was observed. The magnetic properties can be tuned with the sintering temperature. At 10 mV s−1, the maximal specific capacitance of 281.04 F g−1 was attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research deals in preparing Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 (spinel ferrite) by sol–gel procedure, polyaniline (PANI) by chemical oxidative method, and Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4-PANI nanocomposite by physical blending method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study affirms the formation of Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4-PANI nanocomposite owing to the appearance of two different types of peaks: sharp Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 peaks, and broader PANI peaks. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4-PANI nanocomposite shows all characteristic vibrational bands, which are observed in the Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 and PANI spectra. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs have been employed for measuring the average particle size by using ImageJ software. The encapsulation of the synthesized ferrite nanoparticle with the PANI matrix is exhibited by the FESEM micrograph of Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4-PANI nanocomposite. The electrochemical activity of the novel Mn0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4-PANI nanocomposite is manifested to be higher as compared to their counterparts on account of synergistic impact, continual movement of electrons toward the electrode, and multiple redox reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work explores the effect of sintering temperature on morphology and magnetic properties of aluminum substituted gadolinium iron garnet Gd3AlxFe5-xO12 (x = 2). Sol-gel autocombustion method is adopted to prepare Gd3AlxFe5-xO12, and further sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the formation of garnet phase structure. Fourier transformation infrared ray further stands with result of XRD that reveals the presence of garnet phase. Field emission scanning microscope analysis shows the formation of average grain size 4, 6, and 13 nm for 900, 1000, and 1100 °C, respectively. Vibrating sample magnetometer results show that the coercivity decreases with increases in temperature, which indicates that this material can be used in switching devices. The calculated value of microwave operating frequency reveals that these materials can be used in ultrahigh-frequency region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the effects of globalization on the dalits, the former untouchables, in India particularly on the women dalits. It states that because of exclusions due to gender and caste, the dalit women are at a greater disadvantage than the men. It talks about the role of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) which will allow women to hold positions in the Union Parliament. It advises the establishment of a self-emancipation movement to work concurrently with the women's right and dalit rights movements.