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Background: Based on existing evidence, depression may be related to certain food cravings. Since there were few studies in Iran in this regard, present survey performed to evaluate the relationship between depression and food craving. Materials and methods: The study was cross-sectional and participants were 100 female students of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in the year 2013 that were entered into the study by random sampling method. Depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire and food craving was evaluated by Food Craving Inventory (FCI-Persian). Methods for statistical analysis include Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Results: The statistical significant correlation was not found between depression and food craving. However, depression had a significant positive correlation with jelly craving (r=0.272 and P=0.006) and significant inverse correlation with pickle craving. The correlation between food craving and BMI was not statistically significant. However, the mean BMI was associated with the cocoa chocolate craving (r=-0.288, P=0.004). Additionally, significant association was found between the days’ number after the start of menstruation and food craving to some items such as red meat, pasta and rice. Conclusion: It seems that the recommendation to consume foods with low carbohydrate and calorie content along with psychotherapy strategies to alleviate depression can maintain health in female students. In addition, pre-menstrual food cravings may be a physiological response of the body to supply of nutrients that play a role in relieving the physical and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Abstract Aims: Even low concentrations of phenol in industrial waste can cause many difficulties for the aquatic environment. So removal of this organic matter is an important issue. the adsorption process, is one of the most effective methods for isolation and purification of Phenols. The aim of this study was to introduce wood haloxylon as a natural and new absorbent to remove phenol from aqueous solutions. Instrument & Methods: Experiments were carried out in laboratory scale to evaluate the effect of important variables such as initial pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), the initial concentration of phenol (100, 50 and 150mg/l), adsorbent dosage (0.5, 1 and 2g/l) and reaction time (20, 40 and 60min). The concentration of phenol was measured by the photometric method at wavelengths of 500nm. Findings: The highest efficiency was recorded at pH=7 and at a rate of 45.2% and after it the removal efficiency dropped. The maximum adsorption of phenol happened in the first 20 minutes (35.8%) and after that, it was absorbed more slowly and took 60 minutes (45.2%) to reach the equilibrium. By increasing the concentration of phenol from 50 to 150mg/l, the removal of phenol reduced from 45.2 to 30.6% and the absorptive capacity increased of from 1.1 to 2.3mg/g. By increasing the adsorbent dosage from 0.5 to 2g/l, the removal of phenol increased from 19.1 to 45.2% and the absorptive capacity decreased from 1.9 to 1.1mg/g. Conclusion: HTAC, in optimum conditions, can be used for pre-treatment of aqueous solution containing phenol.

Nasrin Sharifi,1 Reza Amani2 1Department of Nutrition, 2Health Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death not only in industrialized and developed countries but also in developing societies. Changes in lifestyle of the population living in developing countries, which is due to the socioeconomic and cultural transition, are important reasons for increase in the rate of CVD. This observation has led to extensive body of researches on CVD prevention. In Iran, as a developing country in the Middle East, the increasing incidence of CVD has prompted the health policy-makers to emphasize on nutritional interventions as a part of the main strategies to alleviate the condition. Hence, in this article, we aimed to review the nutritional interventions on preventing CVDs from the perspectives of Iranian lifestyles and dietary patterns using data search sources such as Medline, Google scholar, and Iran doc. Keywords: nutrition, intervention, cardiovascular disease, Iran

Background & Aim: Epilepsy as the most important chronic neurological disease affects on child and his/her family therefore it can lead to occur some stresses in family particularly in parents. This study has been done to determine ideas of parents with epileptic children about stressors and their coping with this agent in those who come to the optional therapeutic centers in Tehran. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive-analytical research which 400 parents with epileptic children were selected based on aim. The method of collecting data was by questionnaire for literate persons and by interview for illiterates whose research tool was questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in three parts (demographic information’s, stressors questions, and coping questions for parents with epileptic children. The data was collected in one stage and analyzed with SPSS software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t-test, analyze variance) have been used. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there is significant differences in stress between parents (p=0.001). The most percentage (86%) of fathers in comparison mothers (81.9%) have moderate level of stress and least percentage (5.4%) fathers and (4.4%) of mothers have low level of stress. The level of stress in parents showed significant correlation with personal variables. Most percentage (69%) of fathers and mothers (66.1%) have low-moderate level of coping and it has significant correlation with some personal variables. The analyze variance test showed that there was significant and converse relationship between stress and coping in parents with epileptic children and increasing stress lead to decrease coping. Conclusion: The results of this study have been shown that the stress in father of epileptic children is more that mothers; however there is no significant differences in the level of coping.

Introduction: Stress is a complex and physiologic phenomenon that sometimes can be a source of problem. If an individual could not cope with stress, it would be a threat to physical and psychological health. Inclination to cope with stress is a positive way which helps one to improve his/her health. Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with the aim of determining the effect of education of methods of coping with stress on rate of stress among women working at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After primary study, 138 cases were chosen through census sampling. The collection tool was Chaudron stress scale. The statistical tests included t test and 2. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Result: The result showed that there was no significant difference between level of stress before and after education in domains of job stress (p=0.22), life health stress (p=0.53), personal life stress (p=0.44) and personality stress (p=0.1). Also the statistical result of X2 did not show significant correlation between variables such as type of school, age, duration of work, marital status, number of children, educational level and housing condition with job stress. Conclusion: The result showed that work environment is an important source of stress for working women. It could have undesirable effects on physical and emotional health of women. It seems that short term education can not decrease the stress of women; therefore it is necessary to organize different long-term education programs, consultation and other strategies to reduce stress.