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Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a group of endocrine disorders characterized by excessive blood glucose levels in patients, either as a result of insufficient insulin secretion, improper cell response to insulin, or both. It is simple to identify and treat when frequent urination, and excessive thirst, are present. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary manifestations in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methodology: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that was conducted using a non-probability sampling technique. The study duration was about six months, from March 1st, 2022, to August 31st, 2022. A total of 515 type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, between the ages of 40 and 65, were included in the study. The socio-demographic parameters, such as age, gender, economic and health status, comorbidities, and urinary manifestations associated with both types of diabetes, were documented. Demographic factors, for instance, gender, comorbidities, and urinary clinical manifestations associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, were documented as frequencies and percentages. Results: The study findings showed that out of 515 patients, 99(19.2%) had type 1 diabetes and 416(80.8%) had type 2 diabetes. Of them, 309(60.0%) were males and 206(40.0%) were females. The mean ages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients were 54.75±15.28 years. Approximately, 158(30.7%) type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients urinate frequently, and 213(41.4%) diabetes patients urinate twice the normal frequency during the day. Swelling of feet, ankles, hands, or eyes was observed in 323(62.7%) type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients, it occurred bilaterally in 113(35.0%) patients and unilaterally in 210(65.0%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of patients present with typical symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, showing frequent urination and frequent thirst. Moreover, swelling of the feet, ankles, hands, and eyes was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Circumcision is the most frequently performed surgery in neonates and infants across the globe. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of circumcision performed by Plastibell method by means of its safety and complications in neonates and infants. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of surgical sciences, Baqai medical university on 480 male neonates and infants who were circumcised with Plastibell technique during January 2017 to November 2019.Data were collected on a set proforma indicating age of the patient, Plastibell size, time required by the device to detach and complications. Children were divided into two arms; neonates (0 to 4 weeks) and infants (5weeks to 1year). On discharge parents were instructed about the care of the device and were asked to follow up on day 3 and on day of detachment of the Plastibell. Results: During our study period, we included and evaluated 480 cases of circumcision by Plastibell method. Out of these 480 cases, 198 (41.25%) were neonates, while the rest of 282(58.75%) were infants. Majority of the cases429 (89.38%) showed no complications. Amongst these, 258/282 (91.49%) were infants whereas171/198 (86.36%) were neonates. A small number of patients 51 (10.63%) presented with trivial complications. In infants, among 198 cases, 27 (13.64%) presented with complications whereas, in neonates, only 24 (8.51%) out of 282 cases showed complications. The complications were delayed detachment of Plastibell ring in 21 (41.18%), while in 13 (25.49%) ring migrated proximally cases, bleeding occurred in 12 (23.53%), and minor superficial infection seen in 5 (9.8%) cases. The most common Plastibell size used was 1.3cm (n=216, 45%) while 1.6cm was the least commonly used ring (n=2, 0.42%). The average time of surgery was 5 minutes (range 3-9 minutes).The mean time for device to fall-off was 6 days (range 3 - 9 days). A significant difference of ring fall-off time was observed between neonates and infants (p value < 0.004). But, ring fall-off time did not affect the complications (p value 0.887).There was no correlation between the age at circumcision and Plastibell size. Conclusion: The disparity in the frequencies of complications amongst infants and neonates is negligible. Hence, the dissimilarity of age in neonates and infants does not affect the usefulness of Plastibell technique and proves it secure and comparable in its result. Therefore, we can say that a circumcision done by appropriate Plastibell technique gives acceptable results and can be performed even in a year-old child and emends the doubtfulness in the minds of surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The main focus of the current study was to assess whether executive functions (EFs) moderate the effect of parental punishment on adolescent aggression. The sample were 370 participants (53% girls, 47% boys) enrolled at secondary and higher secondary levels and ranged in age between 13-19 years (M = 15.5, SD = 1.3). Participants were assessed on a self-report measure of aggression and two punishment measures, in addition to a demographic sheet. Then, they were individually assessed on four tests taken from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functions System (DKEFS) namely Trial Making Test (TMT), Design Fluency Test (DFT), Color Word Interference Test (CWIT), and Card Sorting Test (CST) to assess cognitive flexibility, nonverbal fluency, inhibition, and problem-solving ability, respectively. Correlation coefficients indicated that all four executive functioning measures and the two punishment measures were significantly correlated with aggression. Moderation analysis indicated that all EFs moderated the relationship between physical punishment and aggression, and only inhibition and problem-solving ability, but not cognitive flexibility and nonverbal fluency, moderated the relations between symbolic punishment and aggression. The findings support the hypothesis that EFs are protective personal factors that promote healthy adolescent adjustment in the presence of challenging environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous ipsilateral fracture of the elbow and forearm – floating elbow – is an uncommon injury. During a 7-year period we prospectively followed 12 children who presented with completely displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus associated with a forearm fracture of the same limb. All patients underwent emergency operative reduction and percutaneous K-wire stabilisation. At a minimum of 18 months, all patients were assessed clinically and radiologically and the results evaluated according to a conventional scoring system. Ten patients had good or excellent outcomes, and there were two fair results. The incidence of open fractures and nerve injury and the need to perform an open reduction were higher than those recorded for isolated supracondylar fractures. The floating elbow is an indicator of a high energy injury and requires aggressive operative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]