Search

Objective: This paper examines the way divorced mothers' long‐run employment, long‐run earnings, and subjective experiences of work–family conflict differ by children's postdivorce living arrangements. Background: Children's living arrangements are an important—and somewhat overlooked—determinant of mothers' postdivorce economic outcomes. Parenting commitments and resource availability tied to the amount of time children spend in residence can impact mothers' experiences of work–family conflict and consequent employment. Method: The paper uses linked administrative and survey data for divorced parents in Wisconsin. It applies a mixed‐methods approach, first using multivariate regression models to control for baseline characteristics in exploring mothers' labor market outcomes and experiences of work–family conflict, and subsequently performing content analysis on open‐ended survey responses to enhance the findings from the quantitative analysis. Results: Mothers with shared physical custody are 5% more likely to report being employed in the long run, experience 6% less work–family conflict, and show larger increases in long‐term earnings than mothers who have sole physical custody of their children. However, the higher long‐term earnings of shared placement mothers cannot be attributed to lower work–family conflict. Conclusion: Shared placement mothers enjoy a labor market advantage in the long term after divorce, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this relationship. Implications: Public policy encouraging shared placement can be beneficial for divorced mothers' economic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Understanding social factors that affected how people interpreted the meanings of COVID‐19 measures is important in postpandemic times. This study applies perspectives from research on emotions as one of the possible explanations and focuses on how institutions and their measures are perceived in the context of individual emotional situations. The aim of the study is to understand how parents with joint or shared custody arrangements in Czechia understood COVID‐19–related state interventions and how they dealt with those interventions in their lives. Analysing 16 interviews with these parents, who are considered a potentially vulnerable group, and their interplay with pandemic public policy, the paper suggests the importance of parenting fantasy. The term ‘fantasy’ builds on Illouz's scholarship and reflects individual sense‐making (ideas or practices) based on close and intense personal relationships related to parenting. This paper claims that the existence of this fantasy (in the form of a fulfilled parenting fantasy) or its non‐existence (in the form of a disruption of parenting, called a negative relationship by Illouz) codetermined how these parents dealt with the pandemic measures—whether (and how strongly) they conformed to them or whether they perceived (or used) them as a threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional CONSINTER de Direito is the property of JURUA EDITORIAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Children's postdivorce placement arrangements have changed dramatically in recent decades, with growth in shared placement and decline in mother sole placement. This shift has potentially important—yet largely unexamined—implications for economic well-being, in part, because different policies and practices govern child support obligations in shared and sole-placement arrangements. Using Wisconsin court record data merged with administrative income records, we describe economic outcomes during the first four postdivorce years for mothers with different arrangements, based on mothers' own earnings, child support receipt, and safety net income; we then estimate the impact of shared placement on mothers' needs-adjusted income. Our primary analyses incorporate an adjustment for partial cost savings from children spending less time in the home and show no net impact of shared placement. The lack of net impact reflects competing roles of lower child support receipts and higher earnings relative to sole-placement mothers with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a fundamental right of family coexistence of girls, boys and adolescents with their parents, it is a general well-being in accordance with the best interest of children enshrined in Article 4 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States; The main objective is to highlight and put on the table the inescapable right of children to necessarily live with their parents, which on many occasions cannot be carried out adequately, putting at risk the family nature of a healthy coexistence. The methodology of the work consists of the analysis of doctrine and legal documents to reflect on the topic mentioned through the analysis of documentary and legal information, which allowed us to conclude as a result the due State intervention for the safeguarding of the fundamental rights of children to an adequate parental coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of family law, Peruvian legislation contemplates the possibility of shared custody, expressly regulated in the Code of Children and Adolescents, without establishing details on the conditions and forms of application, which is similar in comparative law. Based on bioethical and legal principles, this article analyses the possibility of generating a special regulation for shared custody, focusing on the need to establish special criteria that judges can take into account in specific cases involving children. These criteria should be based on a social model aimed at breaking down the barriers imposed, providing the most appropriate conditions for an integral and full development. In this line of thought, the best interests of the child, the commitment of the parents and the implementation of reasonable accommodations are fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech & Slovak Social Work / Sociální Práce / Sociálna Práca is the property of Czech & Slovak Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to understand the structuring of psychological assessments in custody actions and, on the other hand, to identify the existence of homogeneity or heterogeneity in these practices. Twenty-nine Brazilian legal psychologists participated in this study and answered an online questionnaire built based on the literature. The analysis of the results was carried out through deductive and semantic Thematic Analysis, whose previous categories were created based on national and international guidelines. The most salient results indicate some divergences from the literature, but that its actions and dimensions are compatible with those found in the literature. Based on these results, a guide of systematized practices is proposed, aiming to promote greater uniformity in parental assessment.

This research aimed to understand the structuring of psychological assessments in custody actions and, on the other hand, to identify the existence of homogeneity or heterogeneity in these practices. Twenty-nine Brazilian legal psychologists participated in this study and answered an online questionnaire built based on the literature. The analysis of the results was carried out through deductive and semantic Thematic Analysis, whose previous categories were created based on national and international guidelines. The most salient results indicate some divergences from the literature, but that its actions and dimensions are compatible with those found in the literature. Based on these results, a guide of systematized practices is proposed, aiming to promote greater uniformity in parental assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though child shared physical custody arrangements after divorce are much more frequent and parents who use it more diverse in many European countries, little is known about their economic consequences for parents. By relaxing family time constraints, does shared custody help divorced mothers return to or stay on work more easily? Since lone mothers are one of the least-employed groups, and they face high unemployment rates, the type of child custody arrangement adopted after divorce is of particular interest for their employability. This article analyses to what extent the type of child custody arrangement affects mothers' labour market patterns after divorce. Using a large sample of divorcees from an exhaustive French administrative income tax database, and taking advantage of the huge territorial discrepancies observed in the proportion of shared custody, we correct for the possible endogeneity of shared custody. Results show that not repartnered mothers with shared custody arrangements are 24 percentage points more likely to work one year after divorce compared to those having sole custody, while no significant effect is found for repartnered mothers. Among lone mothers, we also highlight huge heterogeneous effects: larger positive effects are observed for previously inactive women, for those belonging to the lowest income quintiles before divorce, for those with a young child, and for those who have three or more children. Thus, shared physical custody arrangements may reduce work–family conflict by diminishing childcare expenses and enlarge the possibilities to find a suitable job because of more relaxed time constraints for lone mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the social variables that influence the allocation of custody has become an increasingly recurrent phenomenon under study. The present article, using the push and pull theoretical approach and focusing on the case of Spain, aims to examine how these variables influence the allocation of the shared modality, distinguishing between sociodemographic (characteristics of marriage) on the one hand and contextual (structural-economic and public opinion) on the other. The methodology used to study the data has been quantitative, using multiple linear regression as an analysis technique. The created database has been generated from the Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces of the National Statistics Institute (INE, in the Spanish acronym) and from different rates obtained from the INE and the Sociological Research Center. The main conclusion is that although the two regression models obtained explain the allocation of joint custody, it is the set of contextual variables and specifically the gross domestic product of each autonomous community that have the greatest explanatory power.

Objectives: To investigate associations between family structure, family complexity, and sleep in adolescence. Background: Family structure may be associated with sleep patterns and sleep problems among adolescents. Yet, research documenting this association has not captured the complexity of modern families and used crude measures of sleep. Method: The youth@hordaland study (N = 8833) of adolescents aged 16–19 conducted in 2012 in Norway provided a detailed assessment of family structure, family complexity (i.e., living with half‐/stepsiblings), and multiple sleep parameters. Insomnia and delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) were defined in alignment with diagnostic criteria. Ordinary least squares and Poisson regression analyses were used to assess associations between family structure, family complexity, and sleep outcomes. Results: Adolescents in joint physical custody (JPC) had more similar sleep parameters as peers in nuclear families than in single‐and stepparent families. Adolescents in single‐ and stepparent families had a higher risk of short sleep duration on weekdays, long sleep onset latency, long wake after sleep onset, oversleeping, insomnia, and DSWPD than peers in nuclear families. Family complexity was also associated with a higher risk of sleep problems, but the risk attenuated when considered jointly with family structure. Socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms partly attenuated the differences between the groups. Conclusion: Inequalities in sleep exist by family structure and, in part, family complexity. Despite alternating between two homes and often experiencing family complexity, sleep among adolescents in JPC was more similar to peers in nuclear families than in single‐ and stepparent families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term cultural trends of increasing fragility of partnerships, changing gender roles and the culture of childhood create a situation in which forms of shared parenting are becoming increasingly relevant. This review study aims to make available to the Czech audience a summary of foreign research on the impact of post-divorce/separation arrangements on children, with particular emphasis on those forms in which the child alternates between parents’ households. In peer-reviewed articles from Web of Science, Scopus, J-Stor, Springer, and similar databases, we first sought to answer the question of what negative and positive consequences household turnover produces. A review of the relevant literature shows that the assumption of an overall negative effect of alternating care is not consistent with the results of most analyses. Rather, the comparisons show the opposite, i.e. a predominance of positive consequences of shared custody, but modified by circumstances. Therefore, we next focus on papers that examine the most important intervening factors, which are parental conflict, the status of the family of origin, and the parents’ new partnerships. Detailed research in this area shows that only in families with significantly negative circumstances (extensive and chronic conflict, economic deprivation etc.) can the negatives of the circumstances outweigh the benefits of contact with both parents that shared custody generally brings. In the conclusion of the text, we summarize the findings from foreign sources, discuss their transferability to the Czech environment and, based on the literature, suggest areas that should be addressed in an effort to deepen this field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Demográfia is the property of Hungarian Demographic Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents new avenues for the study of gender socialisation within families, through a focus on children growing “in” and “between” two homes in the context of shared physical custody arrangements. Each of these two homes are indeed governed by specific gender regimes, that children must appropriate, negotiate and navigate to construct their own gender identity. The paper connects in particular gender socialization in shared custody arrangements with the acquisition of mobility capital and territorial appropriation; and highlights the role of ICTs in everyday lived experiences of shared physical custody and how these technologies intervene in gender socialization processes.

The Judgment of the Provincial Court of Córdoba (SAP Córdoba) of February 24, 2021 confirms that of instance regarding the attribution of shared custody of a minor born from a non-marital relationship, despite the opposition of the parent who requests the guardianship and custody, alleging that the disability suffered by the mother prevents her from taking care of her daughter. For the Chamber, there is no conflict of interest between the rights of the minor and that of the mother, recognized in Article 23 of the CRPD, as it makes it clear that the best interests of the minor daughter must always prevail. With equal forcefulness, it resolves that the existence of a disability in one of the parents is not per se sufficient reason to deny the custody of the minor, but rather that all the circumstances must be assessed together to make a decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This qualitative study examined women's identities as mothers when sharing postdivorce physical custody of children. Background: The increase in divorced parents sharing physical custody can create challenges, especially for women whose identity is manifested through the social position of mother. Although researchers have investigated children's outcomes in connection with shared physical custody, little is known regarding the effects of shared custody on women's identities as mothers. Method: A secondary analysis was conducted using interviews from a grounded theory study of 20 divorced women with shared physical custody arrangements. Results: Mothers resolved the cognitive dissonance they experienced upholding the competing values of being physically present for their child and supporting their child's relationship with their father by prioritizing the belief that their child should maintain relationships with both parents. The mothers found ways in which their part‐time parent role supported their mothering identity. They also experienced challenges and developed individual solutions to overcome the challenges. Conclusion: The ideology of intensive mothering may be changing, particularly for women who undergo divorce or separation. Mothers' beliefs that their children should maintain relationships with both parents overrides their desire to always be physically present for their children and decreases the time women enact their role as mothers. Implications: Practitioners are encouraged to guide mothers' adjustment to their custody arrangement and help them "redo" the ways they view their mother identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Father involvement and joint physical custody in post-separation families are increasingly common. In Sweden, 35 percent of the children of separated parents live equally much with both parents. Since parenthood is gendered, the associations between child living arrangement and parental health may vary between women and men. This study analyzes the association between children's living arrangement and mental health of parents, and how this interacts with material and social circumstances. Drawing on The Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (ULF) 2008–2013, the association between child living arrangements and mental health (worry/anxiety) of parents in five family structures: two biological parents, reconstituted with joint or main/sole custody arrangements, single with joint physical custody, and single with main or sole custody, were analyzed. Data on 9,225 mothers and fathers with resident children aged 0–17 were analyzed by logistic regressions for average marginal effects adjusting for socio-demographic, socio-economic and social factors. Analyses of interaction effects were made using the synergy index.Substantial family type differences were found in mental health between two biological parent family and all other family types for mothers, and two biological parent family and single parents for fathers. For the single mothers, the higher risk for worry and anxiety was still found following controls for socioeconomic factors. For fathers, the only differences that remained following control for socioeconomic factors was that of single fathers with children in joint physical custody. Interaction effects were found for the combination of single motherhood and non-employment, indicating a higher risk of mental health problems for single mothers (both with joint and sole custody), than would be expected from a simple addition of these exposures, suggesting that this is a vulnerable group. The results indicate that joint custody is associated with higher risk for worry and anxiety for the parents, especially for mothers both re-partnered and single, but also for single fathers.

Aims: The structure of adolescents' families has become more complex over the last decades in several western countries. In parallel, health complaints among adolescents appear to have risen in the Nordic countries. This study aimed to examine the association between family structure and health complaints among Norwegian adolescents while capturing biological, half-, and stepsiblings (sibship-type) in the families. Methods: Data stem from the youth@hordaland study, an epidemiological study of adolescents aged 16–19 years (N = 10,257; participation rate = 53%) conducted in 2012. This study is based on a subsample of 8808 adolescents who lived with parent(s). The adolescents provided detailed information on sociodemographics, family structure, sibship-type, and common health complaints among youth (headache, dizziness, and abdominal, neck, back, and shoulder pain). Results: Adolescents in nuclear families and joint physical custody (JPC) reported significantly lower levels of health complaints compared to peers in single- or stepparent families. Independent of family structure, biological siblings were associated with lower levels of health complaints, while stepsiblings were associated with higher levels of health complaints, but only among girls. These findings were robust to adjustments of sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: Health complaints are frequent but unequally distributed across family structures. Adolescents in nuclear families and JPC report lower levels of health complaints compared to peers in single- or stepparent families. Considering siblings appears to be relevant, as biological- and stepsiblings were related to adolescents' symptoms, independent of family structure. In combination, knowledge about family structure and sibship-type may aid the identification of adolescents at risk of experiencing health complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade and a half, the legislation on marital ruptures has experienced significant changes with the possibility of shared custody being one of the reforms with greater impact. Although these regulations have not ceased to be enacted, there is no study, such as this one, that relates legislation and practice of shared custody in Spain. This article uses the INE Statistics of nullities, separations and divorces, as the main data source analyzing it from its microdata. It is concluded that the existence of a specific law has triggered shared custodies; however, this practice has increased in those Autonomous Communities where it was previously more frequent. Yet, other variables also intervene in the assignment of shared custodies, as confirmed by the cases of the Balearic Islands or the Valencian Community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Spain, progress is being made to restrict contact between aggressors and their children in cases of gender violence. However, visits and communication, even shared custody, are still granted by judges despite shared custody being prohibited in such cases by law since 2005. Under recent legal reforms, children are now considered victims of gender-based violence and their protection has become a principle of primary action by the public authorities in relation with measures such as the suspension of parental responsibility or custody or visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he present paper tries to analyze the latest developments in shared custody, especially those related to recent jurisprudential tendencies, as well as its main problematic

We document the dramatic decline in the United States of mother sole custody arrangements following divorce. Our empirical analysis uses Wisconsin court records data spanning more than two decades (1988-2010). Updating earlier analyses that showed significant increases in shared custody, we estimate that shared custody (where children spend at least 25% of time with each parent) has now replaced sole-mother custody as the most common post-divorce parenting arrangement-accounting for just over half (50.3%) of all cases in the most recent cohort available. We discuss the institutional context for these changes in custody in the United States, the sociodemographic factors associated with custody outcomes, and the implications for policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a complex interplay between federal and provincial parenting statutes in Canada. Although most statutes continue to use the traditional concepts of 'custody' and 'access,' in practice most lawyers and judges use more child-focused terminology for parenting plans. There is a lack of reliable data on postseparation parenting in Canada, though a number of studies and data sources clearly indicate that there is growing use of various forms of shared parenting. Child support law in Canada defines 'shared custody,' as occurring if each parent has the child at least 40% of the time, and this arrangement currently is used in about a fifth of parenting orders. Reform of the parenting-related provisions of Canada's Divorce Act remains contentious. We argue for statutory change to abandon the archaic terminology of 'custody' and 'access' and for adoption of more child-focused terminology. We do not support proposals made by fathers' rights advocates in Canada for a presumption of equal parenting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study takes as a reference the change of Law 15/2005 in the Spanish Civil Code where the concept of shared custody was first introduced in Spain. The objective of this study is to check if a relationship exists between the results of investigations with an empirical base and the judicial decision when considering the effects that shared custody produces in children. With that objective in mind we carried out a qualitative analysis of the investigations related to joint custody consequences, both at national and international level. Then, after carrying out an analysis of the jurisprudence of the Spanish Supreme Court from 2005 to 2015, we compared the results of the investigations with judges' decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study produces a grounded theory of the process of communication with former partners for 30 men and women who share physical and legal custody of their children following divorce or separation. The formality of the custody arrangement was the core factor that influenced the ways in which study participants established and maintained boundaries regarding when, how, and what they communicated with their former partners. Other factors that played a role included the relationship with the former partner, the child, and the introduction of new partners. One cannot simply assume that because parents share physical and legal custody, they communicate with their former partners in a particular way; instead, the formality of the custody arrangement and the establishment of communication boundaries needs to be examined in order to understand how coparents communicate with their former partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]