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Present research was carried out at Wheat and Barley Research Institute, Tandojam during 2017-18. The experiment was set on two different sowings dates viz., 19th November (Normal) and 19th December (Late) for ten exotic spring wheat lines. The analysis of variance for normal sowing for genotypes, treatments and genotype x interaction revealed highly significant differences at 0.01% probability level for all the attributes. The mean performance displayed that under normal conditions, HTWYT/1 produced the most dwarf plants and maximum chlorophyll content. Maximum spike length, spikelets/spike, biological yield/plant and harvest index were seen in local check (Sindhu) and 1000 grain weight (g) was recorded in HTWYT/06. Whereas more tillers/plant, number of spikelets/spike, grain yield/plant, biological yield/plant and relative water content were noticed in HTWYT/9 at normal sowing date. HTWYT/8 demonstrated more grains/ spike; however, more biological yield/plant and harvest index was measured in HTWYT/7 under timely sowing conditions. In case of heat stress conditions, HTWYT/1 produced the shortest plants, maximum grain yield/plant and chlorophyll content. HTWYT/9 revealed the most number of fertile tillers/plant, biological yield plant-1 and relative water content, HTWYT/3 showed the longest spikes, Sindhu expressed maximum spikelets/spike, HTWYT/4 manifested number of grains per spike, HYWYT/6 showed the most grain yield/plant, 1000-grain weight, HTWYT/2 produced maximum harvest index in high temperature conditions. In case of correlation, almost all traits exhibited positive and highly significant associations with one another. The genotypes (HYWYT/1, HYWYT/6 and HYWYT/9) performed best in both heat stress and non-stress conditions were observed to be heat insusceptible for most of the traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigations were carried out during 2016-2017 to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain in nine F4 segregating populations for morphological, yield and fiber quality related traits in upland cotton. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents x F4 populations for all the studied attributes which articulated greater genetic variation in the breeding material. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for all the traits. The F4 population CRIS-134 x FH-113 displayed the highest heritability estimates for plant height (95.24%). The maximum heritability for sympodial branches plant-1 (85.30%) and seed index (82.02%) were exhibited by the F4 population CRIS-342 x IR-3701. The F4 population CRIS-342 x Neelum-121 manifested the highest heritability values for bolls plant-1 (90.81%) and boll weight (96.85%). For seed cotton yield plant-1 and ginning outturn, the highest heritability values (90.08 and 90.20%) were confirmed by the F4 population CRIS-342 x MNH-886. For staple length, the promising heritability was discovered in the F4 population CRIS-134 x Neelum-121 (85.45%). Genetic gain values were low to high for all traits. Results suggested that above F4 populations indicated their potential for various yield and fiber traits through heritability coupled with genetic gain to be used in future breeding programs for improving seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits in upland cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in order to compare the impact of purple nutsedge allelopathy and other approaches on weed management in barely at Students' Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for weed as well as barely parameters having eight treatments with three replications. The data revealed that the maximum weed control (91.3%) was recorded under T7= Puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 liters ha-1 (45 Day after sowing). The barley crop's results revealed that maximum tillers (355.6 m-2), plant height (106.3 cm), spike length (11.5 cm), grains spike-2 (47.3), seed index (51 g), biological yield (11737 kg ha-1), grain yield (4493 kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.9%) were recorded under T7 = Puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 liters ha-1 (45 Days after sowing). Hence, it was suggested that application of puma super 7.5% emulsifiable water at 0.625 liters ha-1, 50% reduced (30 Days after sowing) + Purple nutsedge water extract at 15 liters ha-1 (45 Days after sowing) apply for getting higher yield (4493 kg ha-1) of barley crop. It was finalized that this study will be very fruitful for the future progress of barley yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Addition and subtraction theory (AST), a basic theory of herb combination in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is often used to add or subtract the "fundamental formulae" to generate more targeted prescriptions. This theory plays a core role in individualized medicine and compound compatibility of TCM. However, the mechanisms underlying AST have largely remained elusive. Methods: An integrated platform of systems pharmacology was proposed for revealing how the oral administration, drug half-life, and target interactions affect the pharmacological functions of herbal medicines. This platform was further applied on two classical prescriptions, i.e., Xiao Chaihu decoction (XCHD) and Da Chaihu decoction (DCHD) to dissect the addition and subtraction theory (AST). Results: We uncovered the candidate compounds, key molecular targets and interaction network involved in XCHD and DCHD, and summarized its pharmacological characters and therapeutic indications. The results show that the "fundamental formula" is responsible for the major therapeutic effects, whereas the "additive herbs" synergistically enhance the treatment outcomes by targeting the same or complementary proteins between the foundational and additive herbs. Conclusion: This work has established a novel method to comprehensively understand the mechanism of AST, which would be beneficial for the TCM recipe optimization as well as the production of new herbal formula with desirable therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]