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2023 Descuento MDPI, Tungsten oxide thin films have applications in various energy-related devices owing to their versatile semiconductor properties, which depend on the oxygen content and crystalline state. The concentration of electrons increases with intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies, which create new absorption bands that give rise to colored films. Disorders in the crystal structure produce additional changes in the electrical and optical characteristics. Here, WO3−x thin films are prepared on unheated glass substrates by reactive DC sputtering from a pure metal target, using the discharge power and the oxygen-to-argon pressure ratio as control parameters. A transition from amorphous to polycrystalline state is obtained by increasing the sputtering power and adjusting the oxygen content. The surface roughness is higher and the bandgap energy is lower for polycrystalline layers than for amorphous ones. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and sub-bandgap absorption increase as the oxygen content decreases., Depto. de Química Física, Fac. de Ciencias Químicas, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

In the realm of STEM education, various computer-based methodologies have been employed to invigorate student motivation, personalize learning experiences, and elevate the overall quality of education. However, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and smart tools for measuring parameters during educational research processes has garnered insufficient attention thus far. This neglect becomes all the more pronounced in light of the burgeoning popularity of personal smartwatches and bands among individuals. In this study, we develop innovative techniques for incorporating personal smart tools into STEM classes and research endeavors. By employing the Colmi Land 1, Xiaomi Mi Band, Samsung Smart Fitness Band, and Xiaomi Mi Smart Scale as testbeds, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation using the As Is – To Be Business Process Model and Notation method. The findings substantiate that our proposed methods exhibit superior efficacy compared to conventional educational processes. Moreover, this paper represents a pioneering effort in describing and offering ready-to-use techniques for utilizing personalized smart tools to measure parameters during experiments within educational contexts.

High volume and low level of data structuring cause problems with data processing nowadays. The scope of perspective to provide such structuring is scientific studies because, in most cases, they provide predicted measurement parameters, and it’s easy to structure. As a result, the parameters that will be measured can be defined and forms prepared for completion during studies. As a result, the parameters that will be measured can be defined and forms prepared for completion during shipping. This study corroborates how to handle this data in ontologies, providing structuring and interoperability of data. The case of the use of such an approach based on the expedition of real-life environmental study during Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine expedition is described. The approach uses Excel-based templates to be filled during the measurement of parameters. Each line in such an array represents the location or name of the search subject. An extra column is dedicated to geolocation insertion. After providing the research, such files are uploaded into the Polyhedron system, and ontology is generated. These ontologies are stored and integrated into ArcGis and can be used to present their own findings and provide basic searches by other researchers. The process of integrating a few ontologies that used a proposed template from different expeditions is described. Additional, as such studies are also used IMRAD, it is possible to use the approach of using IMRAD as the core of the expedition result’s graph and use the expedition studies in the same structure as other.

Data processing is complicated nowadays due to its vast amount and low structuration level. Perspective field to provide such structuration is exceptional studies because, in most cases, they foresee measuring parameters planned before such expeditions. Therefore, it is possible to define the parameters that will be measured and prepare forms to fill them during the expedition. This study substantiates the way of processing such data in the form of ontologies, providing structuring and interoperability of expedition data by providing a similar structuring approach. The case of using such an approach based on real-life expedition study in the field of the environment of the National Center "Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine" is described. The approach foresees using Excel to define the parameters that will be measured during an expedition in the form of table’s columns. Each row in such a table will represent the place or name of the research object. An additional column is devoted to inserting geolocation. After providing the research, such files are uploaded into Polyhedron system and ontology is generated. Such ontologies are stored and integrated into ArcGis and can be used to present their own results and provide background research by other researchers.

In the context of the STEM approach to education, motivating pupils through tailored research and leveraging IT in the classroom is relevant. The justification of these approaches hasn't received much examination, though. The purpose of the study is to support the decision to use an AR-plant recognition application to give tailored instruction throughout both extracurricular activities and the school day. Every phase of an app's interaction with a user was examined and used to categorize every app. Also described were the social settings of the applications and how they were used for extracurricular activities. There has been discussion on the didactics of using AR recognition apps in biology classes. A survey of experts in digital education regarding the ease of installation, the friendliness of the interface, and the accuracy of image processing was conducted to give usability analysis. Applications were examined for their ability to accurately identify plants on the "Dneprovskiy district of Kiev" list in order to assess the rationale of usage. It has been established that Google Lens is the best option. As an alternative to Seek or Flora Incognita, according to the analysis's findings, these apps were less accurate.

In terms of development of digital sociality, the role of IT skills is growth for both, IT and non-IT-specialists. However, it is not taken into account in current educational programs. The paper aims to describe the system that will provide corresponding between providing the request by employers and by delivering that request to methodists that developing educational programs. The main actors in the proposed systems are Employer, Job Seeker and Ministry specialist (Methodist). The proposed concept may be realized as well using simple basic tools such as MS Excel and as well by specialized tools such as KIT Polyhedron and as by using Python. In further studies all, MS Excel-, Ontology- and Python-based tools to make concept proof test.