2,213 results on '"Shapiro, Marc"'
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2. A Response to Naomi Seidman's Sarah Schenirer and the Bais Yaakov Movement
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Shapiro, Marc B.
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- 2020
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3. Is Modern Orthodoxy Moving Towards an Acceptance of Biblical Criticism?
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Shapiro, Marc B.
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- 2017
4. Social Change and Halakhic Evolution in American Orthodoxy by Chaim Waxman (review)
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Shapiro, Marc. B.
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- 2019
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5. Models for Storage in Database Backends
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Schiebelbein, Edgard, Hatia, Saalik, Bieniusa, Annette, Petri, Gustavo, Ferreira, Carla, and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
This paper describes ongoing work on developing a formal specification of a database backend. We present the formalisation of the expected behaviour of a basic transactional system that calls into a simple store API, and instantiate in two semantic models. The first one is a map-based, classical versioned key-value store; the second one, journal-based, appends individual transaction effects to a journal. We formalise a significant part of the specification in the Coq proof assistant. This work will form the basis for a formalisation of a full-fledged backend store with features such as caching or write-ahead logging, as variations on maps and journals., Comment: Workshop on Principles and Practice of Consistency for Distributed Data (PaPoC), EuroSys (ACM), Apr 2024, Ath{\`e}nes, Greece more...
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- 2024
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6. Feasibility test of per-flight contrail avoidance in commercial aviation
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Sonabend-W, Aaron, Elkin, Carl, Dean, Thomas, Dudley, John, Ali, Noman, Blickstein, Jill, Brand, Erica, Broshears, Brian, Chen, Sixing, Engberg, Zebediah, Galyen, Mark, Geraedts, Scott, Goyal, Nita, Grenham, Rebecca, Hager, Ulrike, Hecker, Deborah, Jany, Marco, McCloskey, Kevin, Ng, Joe, Norris, Brian, Opel, Frank, Rothenberg, Juliet, Sankar, Tharun, Sanekommu, Dinesh, Sarna, Aaron, Schütt, Ole, Shapiro, Marc, Soh, Rachel, Van Arsdale, Christopher, and Platt, John C. more...
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- 2024
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7. Rabbi Eliezer Berkovits’s Halakic Vision for the Modern Age
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Shapiro, Marc B.
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- 2013
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8. A scalable system to measure contrail formation on a per-flight basis
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Geraedts, Scott, Brand, Erica, Dean, Thomas R., Eastham, Sebastian, Elkin, Carl, Engberg, Zebediah, Hager, Ulrike, Langmore, Ian, McCloskey, Kevin, Ng, Joe Yue-Hei, Platt, John C., Sankar, Tharun, Sarna, Aaron, Shapiro, Marc, and Goyal, Nita more...
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
Persistent contrails make up a large fraction of aviation's contribution to global warming. We describe a scalable, automated detection and matching (ADM) system to determine from satellite data whether a flight has made a persistent contrail. The ADM system compares flight segments to contrails detected by a computer vision algorithm running on images from the GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager. We develop a 'flight matching' algorithm and use it to label each flight segment as a 'match' or 'non-match'. We perform this analysis on 1.6 million flight segments. The result is an analysis of which flights make persistent contrails several orders of magnitude larger than any previous work. We assess the agreement between our labels and available prediction models based on weather forecasts. Shifting air traffic to avoid regions of contrail formation has been proposed as a possible mitigation with the potential for very low cost/ton-CO2e. Our findings suggest that imperfections in these prediction models increase this cost/ton by about an order of magnitude. Contrail avoidance is a cost-effective climate change mitigation even with this factor taken into account, but our results quantify the need for more accurate contrail prediction methods and establish a benchmark for future development., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures more...
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- 2023
9. Yeshivot Lita: Pirke zikhronot (review)
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Shapiro, Marc B.
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- 2008
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10. Maimonides (review)
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Shapiro, Marc B
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- 2007
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11. Fungal colonization and infection during critical illness
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Jawa, Randeep S., primary, Shapiro, Marc J., additional, and Barie, Philip S., additional
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- 2024
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12. Antibiotic use in the intensive care unit: The old and the new
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Barie, Philip S., primary, Narayan, Mayur, additional, Aquino Jose, Victor M., additional, and Shapiro, Marc J., additional
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- 2024
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13. Fundamentals of mechanical ventilation
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Shapiro, Marc J., primary and Barie, Philip S., additional
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- 2024
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14. Advanced techniques in mechanical ventilation
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Rubano, Jerry A., primary, Shapiro, Marc J., additional, and Barie, Philip S., additional
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- 2024
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15. Contributors
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Abelson, Jennifer, primary, Aboutanos, Michel B., additional, Abraham, Peter J., additional, Abualruz, Abdul Rahman, additional, Agarwal, Suresh, additional, Agrawal, Devendra K., additional, Alverdy, John C., additional, Aly, Ahmed, additional, Amato, Stas, additional, Anstadt, Michael J., additional, Asensio, Juan A., additional, Avery, Martin, additional, Bailey, Jeffrey A., additional, Barie, Philip S., additional, Becker, Tyson, additional, Beckerman, Daniel, additional, Bedrick, Edward J., additional, Benson, Jamie, additional, Berne, John D., additional, Berry, Cherisse, additional, Berry, Stepheny, additional, Bhat, Sneha G., additional, Bowie, Jason M., additional, Bowyer, Mark W., additional, Bozeman, Matthew C., additional, Bradley, Matthew, additional, Brakenridge, Scott, additional, Brandes, Steven B., additional, Brenner, Megan, additional, Britt, L.D., additional, Brown, Carlos V., additional, Brown, Ian E., additional, Brown, J. Christian, additional, Brown, Tommy, additional, Buckman, Robert F., additional, Burlew, Clay Cothren, additional, Byers, Patricia M., additional, Caban, Kim M., additional, Cancio, Leopoldo C., additional, Cannon, Jeremy W., additional, Cantlie, Shawn M., additional, Carroll, Eben A., additional, Champion, Howard R., additional, Childs, Ed W., additional, Chiu, William C., additional, Christmas, A. Britton, additional, Cioffi, William G., additional, Cocanour, Christine S., additional, Cohen, Mitchell J., additional, Coimbra, Raul, additional, Cook, Alan, additional, Cornell, David L., additional, Cotton, Bryan A., additional, Couture, Daniel E., additional, Cox, Thomas B., additional, Cristancho, Luis Alfonso Bustamante, additional, Croce, Martin A., additional, Croft, Chasen A., additional, Cubano, Miguel A., additional, Dabestani, Parinaz J., additional, Danton, Gary H., additional, Davis, Christopher S., additional, Davis, Kimberly, additional, de Moya, Marc A., additional, Desai, Urmen, additional, Destiné, Henson, additional, Diebel, Lawrence N., additional, Doucet, Jay J., additional, DuBose, Joseph J., additional, Dubov, Wayne E., additional, Duchesne, Juan C., additional, Durham, Rodney M., additional, Durso, Anthony M., additional, Eastridge, Brian, additional, Efron, David T., additional, Efron, Philip A., additional, Elster, Eric, additional, Esposito, Thomas J., additional, Fakhry, Samir M., additional, Feliciano, David V., additional, Fernandez, Carlos, additional, Fernandez-Moure, Joseph S., additional, Fernández, Luis G., additional, Fiorentino, Michele, additional, Firstenberg, Michael S., additional, Flint, Lewis M., additional, Fredericks, Charles J., additional, Fry, Donald E., additional, Galán, Ricardo, additional, Galante, Joseph M., additional, Galvagno, Samuel M., additional, Garcia, Ana Maria, additional, García, Erwin Rodriguez, additional, García-Núñez, Col Luis Manuel, additional, Gentilello, Larry M., additional, Ghanta, Ravi K., additional, Gigena, Alejandro, additional, Gilani, Ramyar, additional, Glance, Laurent G., additional, Goldman, Matthew, additional, Gonzalez, Ernest A., additional, Gonzalez, Richard P., additional, Grabo, Daniel, additional, Gross, Ronald I., additional, Gummadi, Sriharsha, additional, Guerrero, Whitney M., additional, Gunter, Oliver L., additional, Gurney, Jennifer M., additional, Gutiérrez, Jorge A., additional, Hall, Chad, additional, Hauser, Carl J., additional, Henry, Sharon, additional, Hirshberg, Ashen, additional, Holcomb, John B., additional, Hosmer, David, additional, Hoth, J. Jason, additional, Gomez, Tatiana Hoyos, additional, Hoyt, David B., additional, Humphries, Ashley, additional, Iyengar, Rahul, additional, Jawa, Randeep S., additional, Jessie, Elliot, additional, Johannigman, Jay, additional, Aquino Jose, Victor M., additional, Jurkovich, Gregory J., additional, Kalamchi, Louay, additional, Kapil, Aditi M., additional, Karmy-Jones, Riyad, additional, Kasotakis, George, additional, Kelley, Kathryn C., additional, Keskey, Robert, additional, Kessler, John J., additional, Kim, Dennis Y., additional, Kiraly, Laszlo, additional, Kirton, Orlando C., additional, Kotaru, Tharun R., additional, Kunac, Anastasia, additional, Kwolek, Kinga, additional, Lallemand, Michael S., additional, Ledgerwood, Anna M., additional, Lee, Amanda, additional, Leeper, Christine M., additional, Li, Zhongyu, additional, Libby, Matthew, additional, Lim, Robert B., additional, Liveris, Anna, additional, Livingston, David H., additional, Lobb, Jennifer, additional, Loftus, Tyler J., additional, Lucas, Charles E., additional, Luchette, Fred A., additional, Lundeberg, Megan R., additional, Mackersie, Robert C., additional, Mackey, Kevin E., additional, Magnotti, Louis J., additional, Mah, John W., additional, Maldonado, William Sánchez, additional, Malhotra, Ajai K., additional, Malone, Debra L., additional, Marini, Corrado P., additional, Martin, Matthew J., additional, Marttos, Antonio C., additional, Martyak, Michael T., additional, Mathew, Prakash J., additional, Mattox, Kenneth L., additional, Mayberry, John C., additional, Mazzini, Federico N., additional, McNelis, John, additional, Meallet, Mario A., additional, Meerkov, Meir B.L., additional, Meizoso, Jonathan P., additional, Meredith, J. Wayne, additional, Michetti, Christopher P., additional, Miljkovic, Stephanie S., additional, Miller, Keith R., additional, Miller, Preston R., additional, Minei, Joseph P., additional, Mitchell, Frank L., additional, Moas, Victor M., additional, Mohr, Alicia M., additional, Molnar, Joseph A., additional, Moore, Ernest E., additional, Moore, Frederick A., additional, Moutinho, Manuel, additional, Moysidis, Stavros, additional, Munera, Felipe, additional, Naiditch, Jessica A., additional, Napolitano, Lena M., additional, Narayan, Mayur, additional, Nash, Nicholas A., additional, Nicholson, Kristina J., additional, Nicholson, Susannah, additional, Norwood, Scott H., additional, Nunn, Andrew M., additional, O’Shea, Anne, additional, Osler, Turner M., additional, Pachter, H. Leon, additional, Paladino, Lorenzo, additional, Panthaki, Zubin Jal, additional, Parikh, Manish, additional, Pasquale, Michael D., additional, Patel, Purvi P., additional, Peitzman, Andrew B., additional, Peralta, Ruben, additional, Perez-Alonso, Alejandro J., additional, Pestana, Ivo A., additional, Petrone, Patrizio, additional, Pierre, Edgar J., additional, Pilson, Holly, additional, Polk, Travis, additional, Puyana, Juan Carlos, additional, Quintana, David, additional, Rai, Vikrant, additional, Rajasingh, Charlotte, additional, Ranney, Stephen, additional, Reisbig, Mark D., additional, Reiser, Bibiana Jin, additional, Remick, Kyle N., additional, Rhee, Peter, additional, Rich, Norman M., additional, Richardson, J. David, additional, Richart, Charles M., additional, Rivas, Luis A., additional, Robles, Anamaria J., additional, Rodriguez, Aurelio, additional, Rosengart, Matthew, additional, Rosenthal, Martin D., additional, Rotondo, Michael F., additional, Rowe, Vincent L., additional, Rubano, Jerry A., additional, Rubiano, Andrés M., additional, Ruggero, John M., additional, Rushing, Amy, additional, Salim, Ali, additional, Saillant, Noelle Nugent, additional, Sally, Mitchell B., additional, Salsamendi, Jason, additional, Sanford, Arthur P., additional, Savetamal, Alisa, additional, Scalea, Thomas M., additional, Schecter, William, additional, Schipper, Paul H., additional, Schreiber, Martin A., additional, Schroll, Rebecca W., additional, Schulingkamp, Danielle, additional, Schulman, Carl I., additional, Schulz, John T., additional, Shackelford, Stacy A., additional, Shadis, Ryan, additional, Shapiro, Marc J., additional, Shatz, David V., additional, Shiroff, Adam M., additional, Sicard, Gregorio, additional, Sifri, Ziad C., additional, Sing, Ronald F., additional, Sisley, Amy, additional, Smith, Brian P., additional, Smith, R. Stephen, additional, Singares, Eduardo Smith, additional, Sola, Richard, additional, Spain, David A., additional, Spencer, Audrey L., additional, Stavas, Joseph, additional, Stawicki, Stanislaw P., additional, Stein, Deborah M., additional, Stewart, Nakosi, additional, Stirparo, Joseph J., additional, Strong, Bethany L., additional, Sukumar, Mithran S., additional, Tadlock, Matthew D., additional, Taylor, John R., additional, Thaller, Seth R., additional, Thomas, Bradley W., additional, Thompson, Ashley M., additional, Tieu, Brandon H., additional, Tillou, Areti, additional, Tinkoff, Glen H., additional, Tisherman, Samuel A., additional, Todd, S. Rob, additional, Tominaga, Gail T., additional, Trammell, Amy Phillips, additional, Trunkey, Donald D., additional, Tuggle, David, additional, Upchurch, Gilbert R., additional, Van, Philbert, additional, VanDerHeyden, Nicole, additional, Vanzant, Erin L., additional, Wall, Matthew J., additional, Wenzl, Florian A., additional, Whitlow, Christopher T., additional, Wiegand, Lucas R., additional, Williams, Timothy K., additional, Wilson, Jonathan L., additional, Yeh, D. Dante, additional, Youngblood, Charles F., additional, and Zhang, Wei, additional more...
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- 2024
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16. Genomic Predictors Associated With Exceptional Response to Systemic Therapy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
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Kamath, Suneel D., Roopkumar, Joanna, Ni, Ying, Shen, Minqian, Bejarano, Pablo, Allende, Daniela, Nagarajan, Arun, Nguyen, Tim, Dergham, Bachar, Shepard, Dale, Shapiro, Marc A., McNamara, Michael J., Estfan, Bassam N., Nair, Kanika G., and Khorana, Alok A. more...
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Cleveland Clinic ,Care and treatment ,Analysis ,Development and progression ,Health aspects ,Palbociclib -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Cancer treatment -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Cancer genetics -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment ,Pancreatic cancer -- Development and progression -- Care and treatment ,Bevacizumab -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Cancer research -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Trametinib -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Cancer metastasis -- Care and treatment -- Development and progression ,Oncology, Experimental -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Metastasis -- Care and treatment -- Development and progression ,Cancer -- Care and treatment -- Genetic aspects -- Research - Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer is associated with poor outcomes at any stage. However, a very small number of patients--approximately 3% of those with metastatic disease--experience long-term survival through 5 years and [...], Introduction: Exceptional response to therapy is rare in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This study explored potential genomic differences between typical and exceptional responses that could confer more favorable biology. Methods: We included exceptional responders and controls with advanced pancreatic cancer from Cleveland Clinic from April 2013 to August 2017. Exceptional responders were defined as patients with an overall survival of more than 18 months for metastatic disease and more than 24 months for locally advanced disease. Clinical data were obtained, and next-generation sequencing was performed. Statistical analyses comparing the 2 groups were performed using descriptive statistics, the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test. Results: The study comprised 4 exceptional responders and 6 controls. Both groups were well balanced in age, sex, race, and treatment regimens. Exceptional responders had significantly fewer nonsynonymous mutations than controls (2.25 vs 5.17; P = .014). A mutation count of less than 3 was associated with significantly better progression-free survival (17.2 vs 2.3 months; P = .002) and overall survival (29.4 vs 4.6 months; P = .013). Tumor mutational burden did not differ between exceptional responders and controls (4.88 vs 5.70 mut/Mb; P = .39). Conclusion: A lower number of nonsynonymous mutations may correlate with exceptional outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. These findings should encourage future studies into genomic signatures of exceptional response. more...
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- 2023
17. A coordination-free, convergent, and safe replicated tree
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Nair, Sreeja, Meirim, Filipe, Pereira, Mário, Ferreira, Carla, and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
The tree is an essential data structure in many applications. In a distributed application, such as a distributed file system, the tree is replicated.To improve performance and availability, different clients should be able to update their replicas concurrently and without coordination. Such concurrent updates converge if the effects commute, but nonetheless, concurrent moves can lead to incorrect states and even data loss. Such a severe issue cannot be ignored; ultimately, only one of the conflicting moves may be allowed to take effect. However, as it is rare, a solution should be lightweight. Previous approaches would require preventative cross-replica coordination, or totally order move operations after-the-fact, requiring roll-back and compensation operations. In this paper, we present a novel replicated tree that supports coordination-free concurrent atomic moves, and provably maintains the tree invariant. Our analysis identifies cases where concurrent moves are inherently safe, and we devise a lightweight, coordination-free, rollback-free algorithm for the remaining cases, such that a maximal safe subset of moves takes effect. We present a detailed analysis of the concurrency issues with trees, justifying our replicated tree data structure. We provide mechanized proof that the data structure is convergent and maintains the tree invariant. Finally, we compare the response time and availability of our design against the literature. more...
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- 2021
18. Towards application-specific query processing systems
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Vasilas, Dimitrios, Shapiro, Marc, King, Bradley, and Hamouda, Sara
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Computer Science - Databases ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Information Retrieval - Abstract
Database systems use query processing subsystems for enabling efficient query-based data retrieval. An essential aspect of designing any query-intensive application is tuning the query system to fit the application's requirements and workload characteristics. However, the configuration parameters provided by traditional database systems do not cover the design decisions and trade-offs that arise from the geo-distribution of users and data. In this paper, we present a vision towards a new type of query system architecture that addresses this challenge by enabling query systems to be designed and deployed in a per use case basis. We propose a distributed abstraction called Query Processing Unit that encapsulates primitive query processing tasks, and show how it can be used as a building block for assembling query systems. Using this approach, application architects can construct query systems specialized to their use cases, by controlling the query system's architecture and the placement of its state. We demonstrate the expressiveness of this approach by applying it to the design of a query system that can flexibly place its state in the data center or at the edge, and show that state placement decisions affect the trade-off between query response time and query result freshness. more...
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- 2020
19. Transactional-Turn Causal Consistency
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Martin, Benoît, Prosperi, Laurent, Shapiro, Marc, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Cano, José, editor, Dikaiakos, Marios D., editor, Papadopoulos, George A., editor, Pericàs, Miquel, editor, and Sakellariou, Rizos, editor more...
- Published
- 2023
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20. Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by chemotherapy inhibit tumor growth in murine models of colorectal cancer
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Li, Yamu, Wu, Sulin, Zhao, Yiqing, Dinh, Trang, Jiang, Dongxu, Selfridge, J. Eva, Myers, George, Wang, Yuxiang, Zhao, Xuan, Tomchuck, Suzanne, Dubyak, George, Lee, Richard T., Estfan, Bassam, Shapiro, Marc, Kamath, Suneel, Mohamed, Amr, Huang, Stanley Ching-Cheng, Huang, Alex Y., Conlon, Ronald, Krishnamurthi, Smitha, Eads, Jennifer, Willis, Joseph E., Khorana, Alok A., Bajor, David, and Wang, Zhenghe more...
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Testing ,Care and treatment ,Models ,Health aspects ,Chemotherapy -- Testing ,Extrachromosomal DNA -- Health aspects ,Colorectal cancer -- Models -- Care and treatment ,Neutrophils -- Health aspects ,Cancer -- Chemotherapy - Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in peripheral blood and play a vital role in host defenses against pathogens (1). Neutrophils kill pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, by phagocytosis [...], Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a web-like structure of cytosolic and granule proteins assembled on decondensed chromatin, kill pathogens and cause tissue damage in diseases. Whether NETs can kill cancer cells is unexplored. Here, we report that a combination of glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 and 5-FU inhibited the growth of P/K3CA-mutant colorectal cancers (CRCs) in xenograft, syngeneic, and genetically engineered mouse models in part through NETs. Disruption of NETs by either DNase I treatment or depletion of neutrophils in CRCs attenuated the efficacy of the drug combination. Moreover, NETs were present in tumor biopsies from patients treated with the drug combination in a phase II clinical trial. Increased NET levels in tumors were associated with longer progression-free survival. Mechanistically, the drug combination induced the expression of IL-8 preferentially in P/OCA-mutant CRCs to attract neutrophils into the tumors. Further, the drug combination increased the levels of ROS in neutrophils, thereby inducing NETs. Cathepsin G (CTSG), a serine protease localized in NETs, entered CRC cells through the RAGE cell surface protein. The internalized CTSG cleaved 14-3-3 proteins, released BAX, and triggered apoptosis in CRC cells. Thus, our studies illuminate a previously unrecognized mechanism by which chemotherapy-induced NETs kill cancer cells. more...
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- 2024
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21. Some Traditional Jewish Perspectives on Antisemitism
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Shapiro, Marc B., primary
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- 2023
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22. Invariant Safety for Distributed Applications
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Nair, Sreeja, Petri, Gustavo, and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Databases ,Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory - Abstract
We study a proof methodology for verifying the safety of data invariants of highly-available distributed applications that replicate state. The proof is (1) modular: one can reason about each individual operation separately, and (2) sequential: one can reason about a distributed application as if it were sequential. We automate the methodology and illustrate the use of the tool with a representative example., Comment: Workshop on Principles and Practice of Consistency for Distributed Data (PaPoC), Mar 2019, Dresden, Germany. https://novasys.di.fct.unl.pt/conferences/papoc19/ more...
- Published
- 2019
23. Varda: A Framework for Compositional Distributed Programming
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Prosperi, Laurent, Bouajjani, Ahmed, Shapiro, Marc, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Koulali, Mohammed-Amine, editor, and Mezini, Mira, editor more...
- Published
- 2022
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24. Distributed transactional reads: the strong, the quick, the fresh \& the impossible
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Tomsic, Alejandro Z., Bravo, Manuel, and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
This paper studies the costs and trade-offs of providing transactional consistent reads in a distributed storage system. We identify the following dimensions: read consistency, read delay (latency), and data freshness. We show that there is a three-way trade-off between them, which can be summarised as follows: (i) it is not possible to ensure at the same time order-preserving (e.g., causally-consistent) or atomic reads, Minimal Delay, and maximal freshness; thus, reading data that is the most fresh without delay is possible only in a weakly-isolated mode; (ii) to ensure atomic or order-preserving reads at Minimal Delay imposes to read data from the past (not fresh); (iii) however, order-preserving minimal-delay reads can be fresher than atomic; (iv) reading atomic or order-preserving data at maximal freshness may block reads or writes indefinitely. Our impossibility results hold independently of other features of the database, such as update semantics (totally ordered or not) or data model (structured or unstructured). Guided by these results, we modify an existing protocol to ensure minimal-delay reads (at the cost of freshness) under atomic-visibility and causally-consistent semantics. Our experimental evaluation supports the theoretical results. more...
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- 2018
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25. Improving the 'Correct Eventual Consistency' Tool
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Nair, Sreeja and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
Preserving invariants while designing distributed applications under weak consistency models is difficult. The CEC (Correct Eventual Consistency Tool) is meant to aid the application designer in this task. It provides information about the errors during concurrent operations and suggestions on how and where to synchronize operations. This report presents two features of the tool: providing a counterexample for debugging and concurrency control suggestions. more...
- Published
- 2018
26. Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)
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Preguiça, Nuno, Baquero, Carlos, and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
A conflict-free replicated data type (CRDT) is an abstract data type, with a well defined interface, designed to be replicated at multiple processes and exhibiting the following properties: (1) any replica can be modified without coordinating with another replicas; (2) when any two replicas have received the same set of updates, they reach the same state, deterministically, by adopting mathematically sound rules to guarantee state convergence. more...
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- 2018
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27. Database Consistency Models
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Shapiro, Marc and Sutra, Pierre
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
A data store allows application processes to put and get data from a shared memory. In general, a data store cannot be modelled as a strictly sequential process. Applications observe non-sequential behaviours, called anomalies. The set of pos- sible behaviours, and conversely of possible anomalies, constitutes the consistency model of the data store. more...
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- 2018
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28. A Modular Design for Geo-Distributed Querying
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Vasilas, Dimitrios, Shapiro, Marc, and King, Bradley
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Databases ,Computer Science - Information Retrieval - Abstract
Most distributed storage systems provide limited abilities for querying data by attributes other than their primary keys. Supporting efficient search on secondary attributes is challenging as applications pose varying requirements to query processing systems, and no single system design can be suitable for all needs. In this paper, we show how to overcome these challenges in order to extend distributed data stores to support queries on secondary attributes. We propose a modular architecture that is flexible and allows query processing systems to make trade-offs according to different use case requirements. We describe adap-tive mechanisms that make use of this flexibility to enable query processing systems to dynamically adjust to query and write operation workloads., Comment: 5th Workshop on Principles and Practice of Consistency for Distributed Data, Apr 2018, Porto, Portugal. 5th Workshop on Principles and Practice of Consistency for Distributed Data April 23--26, 2018, Porto, Portugal, 2018 more...
- Published
- 2018
29. Ensuring referential integrity under causal consistency
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Shapiro, Marc, Bieniusa, Annette, Zeller, Peter, and Petri, Gustavo
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms - Abstract
Referential integrity (RI) is an important correctness property of a shared, distributed object storage system. It is sometimes thought that enforcing RI requires a strong form of consistency. In this paper, we argue that causal consistency suffices to maintain RI. We support this argument with pseudocode for a reference CRDT data type that maintains RI under causal consistency. QuickCheck has not found any errors in the model. more...
- Published
- 2018
30. Transactional-Turn Causal Consistency
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Martin, Benoît, primary, Prosperi, Laurent, additional, and Shapiro, Marc, additional
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- 2023
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31. Confronting the Challenge of Idolatory: Response to Alon Goshen-Gottstein, "Same God, Other god"
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Shapiro, Marc B.
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- 2021
32. Just-Right Consistency: reconciling availability and safety
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Shapiro, Marc, Bieniusa, Annette, Preguiça, Nuno, Balegas, Valter, and Meiklejohn, Christopher
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Databases - Abstract
By the CAP Theorem, a distributed data storage system can ensure either Consistency under Partition (CP) or Availability under Partition (AP), but not both. This has led to a split between CP databases, in which updates are synchronous, and AP databases, where they are asynchronous. However, there is no inherent reason to treat all updates identically: simply, the system should be as available as possible, and synchronised just enough for the application to be correct. We offer a principled Just-Right Consistency approach to designing such applications, reconciling correctness with availability and performance, based on the following insights:(i) The Conflict-Free Replicated Data Type (CRDTs) data model supports asynchronous updates in an intuitive and principled way.(ii) Invariants involving joint or mutually-ordered updates are compatible with AP and can be guaranteed by Transactional Causal Consistency, the strongest consistency model that does not compromise availability. Regarding the remaining, "CAP-sensitive" invariants:(iii) For the common pattern of Bounded Counters, we provide encapsulated data type that is proven correct and is efficient; (iv) in the general case, static analysis can identify when synchronisation is not necessary for correctness.Our Antidote cloud database system supports CRDTs, Transactional Causal Consistency and the Bounded Counter data type. Support tools help design applications by static analysis and proof of CAP-sensitive invariants. This system supports industrial-grade applications and has been tested experimentally with hundreds of servers across several geo-distributed data centres. more...
- Published
- 2018
33. A Phase 1 Study of Concurrent Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Chemoradiation Followed by Consolidation Pembrolizumab in Patients With Resectable Stage IIIA NSCLC
- Author
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Lemmon, Christopher A., Videtic, Gregory M.M., Murthy, Sudish, Stephans, Kevin L., Shapiro, Marc, Ahmad, Usman, Raymond, Daniel, Velcheti, Vamsidhar, Bribriesco, Alejandro, Jia, Xuefei, Stevenson, James, and Pennell, Nathan A. more...
- Published
- 2022
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34. Forecasting contrail climate forcing for flight planning and air traffic management applications: the CocipGrid model in pycontrails 0.51.0.
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Engberg, Zebediah, Teoh, Roger, Abbott, Tristan, Dean, Thomas, Stettler, Marc E. J., and Shapiro, Marc L.
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CONDENSATION trails ,FLIGHT planning (Aeronautics) ,WEATHER forecasting ,AIR traffic ,GRID cells - Abstract
The global annual mean contrail climate forcing may exceed that of aviation's cumulative CO
2 emissions. As only 2 %–3 % of all flights are likely responsible for 80 % of the global annual contrail energy forcing (EFcontrail ), re-routing these flights could reduce the occurrence of strongly warming contrails. Here, we develop a contrail forecasting tool that produces global maps of persistent contrail formation and their EFcontrail formatted to align with standard weather and turbulence forecasts for integration into existing flight planning and air traffic management workflows. This is achieved by extending the existing trajectory-based contrail cirrus prediction model (CoCiP), which simulates contrails formed along flight paths, to a grid-based approach that initializes an infinitesimal contrail segment at each point in a 4D spatiotemporal grid and tracks them until their end of life. Outputs are provided for N aircraft-engine groups, with groupings based on similarities in aircraft mass and engine particle number emissions: N=7 results in a 3 % mean error between the trajectory- and grid-based CoCiP, while N=3 facilitates operational simplicity but increases the mean error to 13 %. We use the grid-based CoCiP to simulate contrails globally using 2019 meteorology and compare its forecast patterns with those from previous studies. Two approaches are proposed to apply these forecasts for contrail mitigation: (i) monetizing EFcontrail and including it as an additional cost parameter within a flight trajectory optimizer or (ii) constructing polygons to avoid airspace volumes with strongly warming contrails. We also demonstrate a probabilistic formulation of the grid-based CoCiP by running it with ensemble meteorology and excluding grid cells with significant uncertainties in the simulated EFcontrail . This study establishes a working standard for incorporating contrail mitigation into flight management protocols and demonstrates how forecasting uncertainty can be incorporated to minimize unintended consequences associated with increased CO2 emissions from re-routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2025
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35. Ground-based contrail observations: comparisons with reanalysis weather data and contrail model simulations.
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Low, Jade, Teoh, Roger, Ponsonby, Joel, Gryspeerdt, Edward, Shapiro, Marc, and Stettler, Marc E. J.
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CONDENSATION trails ,LIFE cycles (Biology) ,VIDEO recording ,METEOROLOGY ,MODEL airplanes - Abstract
Observations of contrails are vital for improving our understanding of the contrail formation and life cycle, informing models, and assessing mitigation strategies. Here, we developed a methodology that utilises ground-based cameras for tracking and analysing young contrails (< 35 min) formed under clear-sky conditions, comparing these observations against reanalysis meteorology and simulations from the contrail cirrus prediction model (CoCiP) with actual flight trajectories. Our observations consist of 14 h of video footage recorded over 5 different days in Central London, capturing 1582 flight waypoints from 281 flights. The simulation correctly predicted contrail formation and absence for around 75 % of these waypoints, with incorrect contrail predictions occurring at warmer temperatures than those with true-positive predictions (7.8 K vs. 12.8 K below the Schmidt–Appleman criterion threshold temperature). When evaluating contrails with observed lifetimes of at least 2 min , the simulation's correct prediction rate for contrail formation increases to over 85 %. Among all waypoints with contrail observations, 78 % of short-lived contrails (observed lifetimes < 2 min) formed under ice-subsaturated conditions, whereas 75 % of persistent contrails (observed lifetimes > 10 min) formed under ice-supersaturated conditions. On average, the simulated contrail geometric width was around 100 m smaller than the observed (visible) width over its observed lifetime, with the mean underestimation reaching up to 280 m within the first 5 min. Discrepancies between the observed and simulated contrail formation, lifetime, and width can be associated with uncertainties in reanalysis meteorology due to known model limitations and sub-grid-scale variabilities, contrail model simplifications, uncertainties in aircraft performance estimates, and observational challenges, among other possible factors. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of ground-based cameras to create essential observational and benchmark datasets for validating and improving existing weather and contrail models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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36. Persistent Memory Programming Abstractions in Context of Concurrent Applications
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Singh, Ajay, Shapiro, Marc, and Thomas, Gael
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
The advent of non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies like PCM, STT, memristors and Fe-RAM is believed to enhance the system performance by getting rid of the traditional memory hierarchy by reducing the gap between memory and storage. This memory technology is considered to have the performance like that of DRAM and persistence like that of disks. Thus, it would also provide significant performance benefits for big data applications by allowing in-memory processing of large data with the lowest latency to persistence. Leveraging the performance benefits of this memory-centric computing technology through traditional memory programming is not trivial and the challenges aggravate for parallel/concurrent applications. To this end, several programming abstractions have been proposed like NVthreads, Mnemosyne and intel's NVML. However, deciding upon a programming abstraction which is easier to program and at the same time ensures the consistency and balances various software and architectural trade-offs is openly debatable and active area of research for NVM community. We study the NVthreads, Mnemosyne and NVML libraries by building a concurrent and persistent set and open addressed hash-table data structure application. In this process, we explore and report various tradeoffs and hidden costs involved in building concurrent applications for persistence in terms of achieving efficiency, consistency and ease of programming with these NVM programming abstractions. Eventually, we evaluate the performance of the set and hash-table data structure applications. We observe that NVML is easiest to program with but is least efficient and Mnemosyne is most performance friendly but involves significant programming efforts to build concurrent and persistent applications., Comment: Accepted in HiPC SRS 2017 more...
- Published
- 2017
37. Are interventional radiology techniques ideal for nonpenetrating splenic injury management: Robust statistical analysis of the Trauma Quality Program database.
- Author
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Jawa, Randeep S., Gupta, Amit, Vosswinkel, James, Shapiro, Marc, and Hou, Wei
- Subjects
SYSTOLIC blood pressure ,SPLENIC artery ,BLUNT trauma ,SPLEEN ,INTERVENTIONAL radiology - Abstract
Background: Splenic artery embolization (SAE) is increasingly favored for adult blunt splenic injury management. We compared SAE to other splenic injury management strategies using robust statistical techniques. Materials and methods: Univariate analyses of demographics and outcomes were performed for four patient groups: observation, SAE, splenic surgery, splenic surgery + SAE in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Program (TQIP) database. To address nonlinear associations of ED vital signs with mortality, multivariable spline-based logistic regression models with interaction terms between hemodynamic status and management strategy and either splenic Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) or Injury Severity Score (ISS), were generated. Results: In 44,187 splenic injury patients meeting study inclusion criteria, the most common management strategy was observation alone (77.9%). The observation group had median spleen AIS of 2, ISS 20, with 6.3% mortality; SAE (2.6%) had median spleen AIS3, ISS 24, with 6.6% mortality; splenic surgery (22.4%) AIS4, ISS 29, with 15.4% mortality; and splenic surgery + SAE (0.04%) AIS4, ISS 29, with 15.2% mortality. In multivariable models, SAE had lower predicted probability of mortality than surgery over most initial ED systolic blood pressures (SBPs). At all spleen AIS, SAE had lower predicted mortality than surgery. SAE had lower mortality than surgery except at very high ISS, where it was comparable. SAE had lower predicted mortality than observation management at spleen AIS≥3. In subgroup analysis of patients without severe multi-system injuries, predicted mortality did not differ by management strategy. Conclusions: SAE is associated with decreased mortality at spleen AIS 3–5. The benefits of SAE appear to be largely for spleen AIS 3–5 in the setting of severe (AIS≥3) multi-system injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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38. Ground-based contrail observations: comparisons with flight telemetry and contrail model estimates
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Low, Jade, primary, Teoh, Roger, additional, Ponsonby, Joel, additional, Gryspeerdt, Edward, additional, Shapiro, Marc, additional, and Stettler, Marc, additional
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- 2024
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39. 12 The Mir Yeshiva and Its Shanghai Sojourn
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Shapiro, Marc B., primary
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- 2022
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40. The impact of alcohol use and withdrawal on trauma outcomes: A case control study
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Ng, Cheng, Fleury, Marie, Hakmi, Hazim, Bronson, Brian, Vosswinkel, James A., Huang, Emily C., Shapiro, Marc, and Jawa, Randeep S.
- Published
- 2021
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41. Eventually Consistent Register Revisited
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Zawirski, Marek, Baquero, Carlos, Bieniusa, Annette, Preguiça, Nuno, and Shapiro, Marc
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Databases ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms - Abstract
In order to converge in the presence of concurrent updates, modern eventually consistent replication systems rely on causality information and operation semantics. It is relatively easy to use semantics of high-level operations on replicated data structures, such as sets, lists, etc. However, it is difficult to exploit semantics of operations on registers, which store opaque data. In existing register designs, concurrent writes are resolved either by the application, or by arbitrating them according to their timestamps. The former is complex and may require user intervention, whereas the latter causes arbitrary updates to be lost. In this work, we identify a register construction that generalizes existing ones by combining runtime causality ordering, to identify concurrent writes, with static data semantics, to resolve them. We propose a simple conflict resolution template based on an application-predefined order on the domain of values. It eliminates or reduces the number of conflicts that need to be resolved by the user or by an explicit application logic. We illustrate some variants of our approach with use cases, and how it generalizes existing designs., Comment: 8 pages more...
- Published
- 2015
42. Extending Eventually Consistent Cloud Databases for Enforcing Numeric Invariants
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Balegas, Valter, Serra, Diogo, Duarte, Sérgio, Ferreira, Carla, Rodrigues, Rodrigo, Preguiça, Nuno, Shapiro, Marc, and Najafzadeh, Mahsa
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Geo-replicated databases often operate under the principle of eventual consistency to offer high-availability with low latency on a simple key/value store abstraction. Recently, some have adopted commutative data types to provide seamless reconciliation for special purpose data types, such as counters. Despite this, the inability to enforce numeric invariants across all replicas still remains a key shortcoming of relying on the limited guarantees of eventual consistency storage. We present a new replicated data type, called bounded counter, which adds support for numeric invariants to eventually consistent geo-replicated databases. We describe how this can be implemented on top of existing cloud stores without modifying them, using Riak as an example. Our approach adapts ideas from escrow transactions to devise a solution that is decentralized, fault-tolerant and fast. Our evaluation shows much lower latency and better scalability than the traditional approach of using strong consistency to enforce numeric invariants, thus alleviating the tension between consistency and availability. more...
- Published
- 2015
43. Varda: A Framework for Compositional Distributed Programming
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Prosperi, Laurent, primary, Bouajjani, Ahmed, additional, and Shapiro, Marc, additional
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- 2022
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44. Database Consistency Models
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Sutra, Pierre, primary and Shapiro, Marc, additional
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- 2022
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45. Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)
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Preguiça, Nuno, primary, Baquero, Carlos, additional, and Shapiro, Marc, additional
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- 2022
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46. Proving the Safety of Highly-Available Distributed Objects
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Nair, Sreeja S., Petri, Gustavo, Shapiro, Marc, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, and Müller, Peter, editor more...
- Published
- 2020
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47. Impact of Urgent Care Openings on Emergency Department Visits to Two Academic Medical Centers Within an Integrated Health Care System
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Carlson, Lucas C., Raja, Ali S., Dworkis, Daniel A., Lee, Jarone, Brown, David F.M., Samuels-Kalow, Margaret, Wilson, Michael, Shapiro, Marc, Kim, Jungyeon, and Yun, Brian J.
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- 2020
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48. Models for Storage in Database Backends
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Schiebelbein, Edgard, primary, Hatia, Saalik, additional, Bieniusa, Annette, additional, Ferreira, Carla, additional, Petri, Gustavo, additional, and Shapiro, Marc, additional
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- 2024
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49. An Evolving Clinical Need: Discordant Oxygenation Measurements of Intubated COVID-19 Patients
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Rubano, Jerry A., Maloney, Lauren M., Simon, Jessica, Rutigliano, Daniel N., Botwinick, Isadora, Jawa, Randeep S., Shapiro, Marc J., Vosswinkel, James A., Talamini, Mark, and Kaushansky, Kenneth
- Published
- 2021
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50. Quality improvement interventions to reduce coagulation testing overuse in the emergency department.
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Venkatesh, Arjun K., Duke, Jessica, Wong, Silas, Shah, Aman, Rothenberg, Craig, Patel, Amitkumar, Sun, Wendy W., Shapiro, Marc, Ulrich, Andrew, and Parwani, Vivek
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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