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Fe-zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)@C (Fe-ZIF wrapped by carbon) anode material has been manufactured. It has porous nanostructure, which can effectively shorten the distance of lithium ion transmission, thus achieving excellent rate performance, and can also reduce the volume expansion in the charging and discharging process, thus reducing the attenuation of capacity. The external carbon coating avoids direct contact between Fe-ZIF and the electrolyte, inhibits decomposition of the electrolyte, and impedes formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film, thus obtaining higher reversible capacity in the cycling process. At a current density of 100 mA/g, Fe-ZIF@C achieves a high discharge capacity of 719 mAh/g after 100 cycles. This research shows that Fe-ZIF@C has potential for use as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

Mace-like carbon fibers@Fe3O4@carbon (CF@Fe3O4@C) composites were designed and synthesized via an in situ growth and carbon coating approach with heat treatment. In comparison with CF, Fe2O3, and CF@Fe2O3, CF@Fe3O4@C composites exhibit higher electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to the unique mace-like ordered structure. Mace-like CF@Fe3O4@C composites deliver a high discharge/charge specific capacities of 1368/940 mAh g−1 at the first cycle and 741/740 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycles at 100 mA g−1 in the range of 0.01~2.5 V. The specific discharge capacity can still retain 503 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1. The outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to that carbon fibers and carbon coating improve the electrical conductivity of iron oxides and the carbon-coated layer avoids the specific capacity fading caused by volume expansion of iron oxides during charging/discharging. It provides a novel structural design strategy and an effective synthesis method of anode material for high-energy lithium-ion battery.

In this work, α-Fe2O3 double-layer hollow spheres with carbon coating (DLHS@C) are synthesized by a general “penetration-heterogeneous nucleation” approach using carbonaceous sphere templates combined with subsequent annealing. This hierarchy hollow sphere structure with carbon coating rationally combines three advantage aspects: shorten transport length for lithium ions and charges, sufficient void space to buffer the volume expansion, and enhanced electric conductivity. When tested for lithium storage, α-Fe2O3 DLHS@C composite electrode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 1735 mAh g-1 and the reversible capacity of 823 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g-1 in the voltage range of 0.01–2.5 V (vs. Li+/Li) and retains a capacity of 470 mAh g-1 even at a large current density of 500 mA g-1 after 500 cycles. The α-Fe2O3 DLHS@C electrode demonstrates excellent electrochemical properties with high capacity, good cycling stability, and excellent rate capability as potential anode material for lithium ion batteries.

In this work, the unique Zn-Co nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Zn-Co/NPC) polyhedrons have been successfully synthesized via pyrolysis of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) precursor under N2, wherein the metallic Co and Zn particles are dispersed in the porous carbon matrix. The obtained porous carbons show a high surface area (315.67 m2 g−1) and contain plenty of mesopores. The unique mesoporous structure benefits from either the carbonization of organic ligands and the catalytic effect of metallic Co in calcination process or the elimination of a certain amount of metal species in acid dissolution. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the Zn-Co/NPC particles exhibit superior lithium storage capabilities with excellent cycling properties. It demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 970 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Besides, a reversible capacity of 813.5 mA h g−1 was retained at a much higher current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance was attributed to the unique microstructure, nitrogen doping, and the synergistic effect of Zn and Co embedded in carbon matrix.

In this paper, Co3O4/NiO/C composites were prepared by in situ co-precipitation and heat treatment with Zn/Co-ZIF-derived N-doped porous carbon as carbon matrix. The structure and constituent of Co3O4/NiO/C composites were detected by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and other test methods. The result showed that NiCo-LDH nanosheets grew evenly on the surface of porous carbon matrix. Co3O4/NiO/C composites retained the dodecahedral shape of the carbon matrix. Electrochemical performance was investigated through electrochemical workstation and LAND-CT2001A battery test system. The results showed that the Co3O4/NiO/C electrode has a higher initial discharge specific capacity of 1673.0 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and it could still maintain the discharge specific capacity of 1167.8 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. The Co3O4/NiO/C showed a high reversible capacity of 812.3 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. The Co3O4/NiO/C electrode exhibited excellent lithium storage performance, which can be attributed to the unique functionalities of the ternary components: NiO and Co3O4 can guarantee high specific capacity, while the carbon matrix can improve the conductivity and the stability of the structure. Therefore, Co3O4/NiO/C composite was expected to be anode material for lithium storage equipment.

In this research, the precursors of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microcubes are synthesized by a facile mixed solution method using Prussian blue (PB) and Zn(AC)2. The precursors were heat-treated at the right temperature to obtain the desired compound. The structure and shape of desired specimens are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis techniques. The electrochemical properties of the samples are researched by battery testing system. The results show that ZnO/ZnFe2O4 samples obtained by solution method have good electrochemical properties. The ZnO/ZnFe2O4 shows a high discharge capacity of 863 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles under a current density of 100 mA g−1. This study shows that ZnO/ZnFe2O4 has the potential as a novel anode material for lithium ion batteries.

Micro-nanostructure metal oxides derived from metal organic frameworks had attracted widely attention due to their potential application in high energy density lithium ion batteries. In this work, ZnO/Co3O4/CoO/Co composite materials were successfully synthesized by a facile approach through calcination of preformed Zn-Co-ZIF precursor and tested as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. This porous composite materials exhibit superior lithium storage capabilities with good cycling stability and rate capability. It demonstrates a reversible capacity (972.6 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles), excellent rate capability (681.2 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). The enhanced electrochemical performance of the porous ZnO/Co3O4/CoO/Co hybrid composite materials can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of multi-component functional micro/nanoparticles systems.

A new α-Fe2O3 porous microrods using as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were prepared by a facile hydrothermal reaction and heat treatment at different temperature. The effect of calcination temperature on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of α-Fe2O3 microrods anode materials has been systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the calcination temperature can affect mesoporous distribution and the primary particle size of α-Fe2O3 microrods and then affect the electrochemical performance. The α-Fe2O3 microrods calcined at 700 °C (F700) outperformed other samples in terms of reversible capacity, cyclability, and rate capability. F700 exhibits excellent reversible capacity of 1083 mAh g−1 in the first cycle and 733 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1 in the range of 0.01–2.5 V. Therefore, α-Fe2O3 microrods can be one promising anode materials for LIBs.

The synchronization of output torque is an important issue during human–robot interaction. Since the human–robot synchronization may be affected by the delay between the human's voluntary torque and the robot's assistive torque when a torque sensor is applied to detect human intention, an electromyography (EMG)-based admittance controller (EAC) was proposed to improve human–robot synchronization compared with that achieved by the use of a torque-sensing-based admittance controller (TAC). Simulations and experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the EAC and the TAC. The simulation results indicated that the delay between the human's voluntary torque and the exoskeleton robot's assistive torque significantly degraded the performance of the human–robot cooperation movement when the TAC was used. The experimental results indicated that the jerk value, interaction torque, and EMG level of the tibialis anterior obtained with the EAC were significantly smaller than those with the TAC. Compared with the TAC, the EAC has an advantage in improving human–robot cooperation movement because the EAC can reduce the delay between the human's voluntary torque and the exoskeleton robot's assistive torque.

Background Cap-assisted esophagogastroduodenoscopy (CA-EGD) using a transparent cap fitted to the tip of the scope has emerged as an alternative method for examination of the major duodenal papilla (MDP). However, it remains unclear whether CA-EGD is noninferior to standard duodenoscopy for MDP examination. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of the two methods for complete examination of the MDP. Methods This prospective, noninferior, randomized controlled study was conducted at two endoscopy centers. Consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were randomized (1:1) to undergo CA-EGD or standard duodenoscopy for MDP examination. The primary outcome was complete examination of the MDP, defined as visualization of the upper end, opening, and lower end of the papilla. Secondary outcomes included endoscopic findings and the time taken for the MDP examination. Results The study was terminated for futility after the interim analysis. A total of 171 patients were randomly allocated to CA-EGD (n = 85) or standard duodenoscopy (n = 86). The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Complete examination of the MDP was achieved in 58/85 patients (68.2 %) in the CA-EGD group and in 74/86 (86.0 %) in standard duodenoscopy group. The difference in proportions was – 17.81 percentage points (95 % confidence interval [CI] –28.14 to –7.48) by intention-to-treat analysis and – 18.22 percentage points (95 %CI –28.34 to –8.10) by per-protocol analysis, both of which were significantly lower than the noninferiority margin of –5 %, and therefore the noninferiority of CA-EGD could not be confirmed. Examination time was significantly longer with CA-EGD (69.5 [SD 46.4] vs. 33.0 [SD 28.9] seconds; P Conclusions Although complete examination of the MDP can be achieved by CA-EGD in most patients, it could not replace duodenoscopy as the standard method for examination of the MDP.

The search engine plays a fundamental role in online e-commerce systems, to help users find the products they want from the massive product collections. Relevance is an essential requirement for e-commerce search, since showing products that do not match search query intent will degrade user experience. With the existence of vocabulary gap between user language of queries and seller language of products, measuring semantic relevance is necessary and neural networks are engaged to address this task. However, semantic relevance is different from click-through rate prediction in that no direct training signal is available. Most previous attempts learn relevance models from user click-through data that are cheap and abundant. Unfortunately, click behavior is noisy and misleading, which is affected by not only relevance but also factors including price, image and attractive titles. Therefore, it is challenging but valuable to learn relevance models from click-through data. In this paper, we propose a new relevance learning framework that concentrates on how to train a relevance model from the weak supervision of click-through data. Different from previous efforts that treat samples as either relevant or irrelevant, we construct more fine-grained samples for training. We propose a novel way to consider samples of different relevance confidence, and come up with a new training objective to learn a robust relevance model with desirable score distribution. The proposed model is evaluated on offline annotated data and online A/B testing, and it achieves both promising performance and high computational efficiency. The model has already been deployed online, serving the search traffic of Taobao for over a year., Comment: Accepted to TheWebConf/WWW 2021

Background Adenomas may be missed in up to 40% of screening colonoscopies. Although the water exchange (WE) method can improve ADR, as shown in several RCTs, it remains uncertain whether it can increase the detection of missing adenomas compared with standard air-insufflated (AI) colonoscopy. Methods Patients aged 18–80 years who underwent selective polypectomy were randomly allocated to the WE or AI group. The primary endpoint was the adenoma miss rate (AMR), defined as the number of patients with one or more additional adenomas during the polypectomy procedure divided by the total number of patients in each group. Results A total of 450 patients were enrolled, with 225 in each group. The overall AMRs were 45.8% (103/225) in the WE group and 35.6% (80/225) in the AI group (p = 0.035). More patients in the WE group had at least one missed adenoma in the proximal colon (38.2% vs 24.4%, p = 0.002). The adenoma-level miss rate was also higher in the WE group than in the AI group (35.1% vs 29.0%, p = 0.036). Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the WE group had more missed adenomas located in the proximal colon or with flat shapes. Conclusions This study confirmed that substantial adenomas were missed in patients undergoing selective polypectomy. The WE method significantly improved the detection of missed adenomas, especially those located in the proximal colon or with flat shapes. (ClnicalTrials.gov number: NCT02880748)

AMR-to-text generation is a challenging task of generating texts from graph-based semantic representations. Recent studies formalize this task a graph-to-sequence learning problem and use various graph neural networks to model graph structure. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that generates texts from AMR graphs while reconstructing the input graph structures. Our model employs graph attention mechanism to aggregate information for encoding the inputs. Moreover, better node representations are learned by optimizing two simple but effective auxiliary reconstruction objectives: link prediction objective which requires predicting the semantic relationship between nodes, and distance prediction objective which requires predicting the distance between nodes. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets show that our proposed model improves considerably over strong baselines and achieves new state-of-the-art.

Thiolation poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK-SH) superfine fibrous membrane (SFM) was successfully fabricated via grafting and electrospinning. The PPEK-SH SFM exhibited high glass transition temperature (314.9 °C), robust tensile strength (14.74 MPa) and high porosity (80.2%), which were critical advantages for the SFM as plating template applied in fuel cells. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were assembled on the SFM as seeds, and then Pd NPs were deposited on the membrane by electroless plating. Characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the surface of PPEK-SH fibers was almost fully covered by a thick Pd layer. The PdAu/PPEK-SH SFM inherited the properties of PPEK-SH and conductivity of Pd, thereby was successfully used as a free-standing electrocatalyst towards methanol oxidation without resorting to any conductive support. More importantly, benefiting from the introduction of -SH for anchoring noble metal NPs, the electrocatalyst presented a good stability. The peak current density reduced just 18.7% after 500 cycles, which would meet the needs of long-term use. This work may provide a new approach for the development of free-standing electrocatalyst based on electrospun nanofibers.

A novel near in situ composite of Fe3O4/MnCO3, with solid microsphere structure, is prepared by a simple one-step solvothermal method. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) mappings and XRD patterns show that the multicomponent materials are composited mixing of MnCO3 and Fe3O4. The cyclic voltammogram curves of the Fe3O4/MnCO3 composite look like that the curves of Fe3O4 are superimposed on the curve of MnCO3. It's implicated that the electrochemical process of the composite is the simple addition of Fe3O4 and MnCO3 materials. The Fe3O4/MnCO3 composite delivers a reversible capacity of 617 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, much higher than that of pure MnCO3 (287 mA h g-1) and pure Fe3O4 (473 mA h g-1). Compared to MnCO3 and Fe3O4, the superior electrochemical performance of Fe3O4/MnCO3 composite electrode can be attributed to composition with microspheres structure and good conductivity.

The self-assembled hierarchical MnCO3/MWCNT nanoarchitectures are prepared by a facile solvothermal method and used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The results of SEM and TEM show that the hierarchical nanorods are made of the primary MnCO3 nanocrystals. The hierarchical nanorods MnCO3 are heterogeneously distributed among retiform MWCNTs. Those MnCO3/MWCNT nanoarchitectures are able to buffer the physical aggregation of the MnCO3 nanorods and volume expansion of MnCO3 in the charge/discharge process. The self-assembled hierarchical MnCO3/MWCNT nanocomposite delivers a reversible capacity of 704 mAh g−1 after 110 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the self-assembled hierarchical MnCO3/MWCNT nanoarchitectures and the high conductivity of MWCNTs.

MnO/MnFe2O4 composite as anode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is reported in this article. The MnO/MnFe2O4 composite inherits the regular cubic structure of the Prussian blue (PB) precursor, which can buffer volume expansion. The porous structure provides more insertion sites for lithium ions, so that the presence of bimetals can better play the role of increasing capacity. The MnO/MnFe2O4 anodes demonstrate high capacity of 898 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1. It exhibits long-cycle stability during 350 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1, and the discharge capacity is still 684 mAh g−1.

In this paper, Prussian blue (PB) prepared by simple liquid phase synthesis method derives CoFe2O4 microcubes, which show remarkable rate performance and cycle stability when used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The cubic frame inherited from PB template and the synergistic effect of bimetallic elements gave the CoFe2O4 microcubes excellent electrochemical performance. At a current density of 100 mA g−1, the discharge capacity stabilized at 932 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Even at 500 mA g−1, after 350 cycles, the discharge specific capacity is still 602 mAh g−1. This work provides ideas for the development of LIBs anodes.

Background Online social networking is increasingly being used among medical practitioners. However, few studies have evaluated its use in therapeutic endoscopy. Here, we aimed to analyze the shared topics and activities of a group of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) doctors in a social networking-based endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography discussion group (EDG). Materials and methods Six ERCP trainers working in Xijing Hospital and 48 graduated endoscopists who had finished ERCP training in the same hospital were invited to join in EDG. All group members were informed not to divulge any private information of patients when using EDG. The activities of group members on EDG were retrospectively extracted. The individual data of the graduated endoscopists were collected by a questionnaire. Results From June 2014 to May 2015, 6924 messages were posted on EDG, half of which were ERCP related. In total, 214 ERCP-related topics were shared, which could be categorized into three types: sharing experience/cases (52.3%), asking questions (38.3%), and sharing literatures/advances (9.3%). Among the 48 graduated endoscopists, 21 had a low case volume of less than 50 per year and 27 had a high volume case volume of 50 or more. High-volume graduated endoscopists posted more ERCP-related messages (P=0.008) and shared more discussion topics (P=0.003) compared with low-volume graduated endoscopists. A survey showed that EDG was useful for graduated endoscopists in ERCP performance and management of post-ERCP complications, etc. Conclusion A wide range of ERCP-related topics were shared on the social networking-based EDG. The ERCP-related behaviors on EDG were more active in graduated endoscopists with an ERCP case volume of more than 50 per year.

Pain during colonoscopy is a critical quality indicator and often a limiting factor for unsedated colonoscopy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with pain during colonoscopy and establish a model for predicting a painful colonoscopy. Patients aged 18 to 80 who underwent unsedated colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled in 2 tertiary endoscopic centers in China. The primary outcome was the rate of painful colonoscopy and then we identify high-risk factors associated with painful colonoscopy. A prediction model with an intubation discomfort score (IDS) was developed and validated. Totally 607 patients participated in this study, including 345 in the training cohort and 262 in the validation cohort. Body mass index (BMI) of

The bimetal oxides (ZnO/Co3O4/C) showed superior Li+ storage performances as anode materials for Lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The ZnO/Co3O4/C hollow dodecahedrons have been successfully synthesized via ZnCo-ZIFs as self-sacrificial template. The ZnO/Co3O4/C hollow dodecahedrons were applied in the anode materials, which have shown outstanding Li+ storage performances. The ZnO/Co3O4/C electrodes have shown a high discharge capacity (1316 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles) and high rate performances (1101 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 25 cycles). The excellent Li+ storage performance of ZnO/Co3O4/C hollow dodecahedrons mainly benefited from its unique hollow structure and the synergistic effect of multicomponent.

Iron-based bimetal oxides (NiO/NiFe2O4) have shown excellent electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A facile method for the synthesis of NiO/NiFe2O4 nanocubes via Prussian blue (PB) as self-sacrificial templates is proposed. The NiO/NiFe2O4 nanocubes were tested as the anode materials of LIBs, which shown outstanding rate capability and long cycling performance. The NiO/NiFe2O4 electrode has shown a high specific capacity (956 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, and 787 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles), and superior rate capability (610 mA h g−1 even at 1 A g−1 after 40 cycles). The NiO/NiFe2O4 nanocubes have shown excellent electrochemical properties, which are mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of bimetal and hollow structure.

Various rehabilitation robots have been employed to recover the motor function of stroke patients. To improve the effect of rehabilitation, robots should promote patient participation and provide compliant assistance. This paper proposes an adaptive admittance control scheme (AACS) consisting of an admittance filter, inner position controller, and electromyography (EMG)-driven musculoskeletal model (EDMM). The admittance filter generates the subject's intended motion according to the joint torque estimated by the EDMM. The inner position controller tracks the intended motion, and its parameters are adjusted according to the estimated joint stiffness. Eight healthy subjects were instructed to wear the ankle exoskeleton robot, and they completed a series of sinusoidal tracking tasks involving ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The robot was controlled by the AACS and a non-adaptive admittance control scheme (NAACS) at four fixed parameter levels. The tracking performance was evaluated using the jerk value, position error, interaction torque, and EMG levels of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS). For the NAACS, the jerk value and position error increased with the parameter levels, and the interaction torque and EMG levels of the TA tended to decrease. In contrast, the AACS could maintain a moderate jerk value, position error, interaction torque, and TA EMG level. These results demonstrate that the AACS achieves a good tradeoff between accurate tracking and compliant assistance because it can produce a real-time response to stiffness changes in the ankle joint. The AACS can alleviate the conflict between accurate tracking and compliant assistance and has potential for application in robot-assisted rehabilitation.

The allocation of sufficient time for trainees to attempt cannulation is necessary for learning and to ensure success with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training. However, it is important to balance the benefit to trainee practice against the potential risks to patients. The appropriate time for attempted cannulation by trainees remains unclear.Three different time limits (5, 10, 15 minutes) were set for cannulation attempts made by four trainees in patients with native papilla undergoing ERCP. Patients were randomly assigned to the 5-, 10-, or 15-minute groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. Rectal indomethacin was used in high-risk patients. The primary outcome was successful cannulation within the allocated time. Secondary outcomes included performance scores, overall success rate, and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).A total of 256 patients were randomly assigned to the 5-minute (n = 84), 10-minute (n = 86), or 15-minute (n = 86) groups. Patients' baseline characteristics were comparable. Success rates for selective bile duct cannulation by trainees were 43.8 %, 75.0 %, and 71.8 % in the 5-, 10-, and 15-minute groups, respectively (P 0.001). Trainees' self-reported performance scores and video assessment by an independent reviewer were comparable between the 10- and 15-minute groups, which were higher than the 5-minute group (both P 0.001). Trainers took over the cannulation procedure when trainees did not succeed within the allocated time. There was no significant difference in the overall success rates in cannulation between the three groups. No differences were noted in the use of rectal indomethacin and overall complication rates. Four patients in each group developed PEP (P = 0.996).A time of 10 minutes was considered to be appropriate for trainees to attempt cannulation, with acceptable cannulation success rates and complications.ClinicalTrials.gov number (NCT01851226).

Impedance control plays an important role in the control of human-machine control system, especially in rehabilitation devices. It is essential to estimate patient's limb stiffness to adjust the impedance parameters of controller. A large number of studies showed that muscle co-contraction would influence the limb stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the change of ankle joint stiffness using only tibialis anterior electromyography (EMG) during different activations of tibialis anterior. Four young subjects were recruited to keep the activation of tibialis anterior at four ranges (0∼10%, 10∼20%, 20∼30%, 30∼40%) with a PD-controlled ankle exoskeleton system, as well as minimize the activation of gastrocnemius as much as possible. An EMG-driven Hill-type neuro-musculoskeletal model was used to predict the torque of tibialis anterior. Moving Window Multiple Linear Regression (MWMLR) was applied to calculate the stiffness coefficient of the ankle joint with or without considering the variation of the torque of tibialis anterior. The results showed that the variance of estimated stiffness was smaller without considering the variation of muscle torque. And a significant relationship between the activation of tibialis anterior and the stiffness coefficient of the ankle joint was found.

In recent years, because the wearable medical devices can indicate the health monitoring index of blood sugar, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen content, temperature, respiration of the human body anytime and anywhere, can also be used for the treatment of various diseases, accompanied by the development of large data, which will bring a subversive revolution for the medical device industry. This paper introduces the development of wearable devices, key technical index of main products, and to make a preliminary study on its quantity control.

Background Many factors have been found to affect the difficulty of colonoscope insertion, such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), history of abdominal surgery and operator etc. However, a scoring system may be more useful to predict the difficulty during colonoscopy. Methods The individual and procedure-related data of 616 patients undergoing colonoscopy were prospectively collected from December 2013 through February 2014 in Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases. Cox regression analysis was used to identify high-risk factors associated with difficulty of colonoscopy. A predicting model with the difficult colonoscopy score (DCS) was developed. Results Total cecum intubation rate was 98.9% (609/616). Advanced age, lower BMI, inexperienced operator and fair or poor sleep quality were identified as independent factors of prolonged insertion time (all p 1 had increased insertion time (10.6 ± 0.7 min vs. 6.9 ± 0.2 min, p 1 had longer insertion time, higher pain score and needed more abdominal compression and position changes. DCS was useful for predicting the difficulty of colonoscope intubation. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02105025 05/05/2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0273-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Hyperthermia incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a hopeful therapy to cancers and steps into clinical tests at present. However, the clinical plan of MNPs deposition in tumors, especially applied for directly multipoint injection hyperthermia (DMIH), and the information of temperature rise in tumors by DMIH is lack of studied. In this paper, we mainly discussed thermal distributions induced by MNPs in the rat brain tumors during DMIH. Due to limited experimental measurement for detecting thermal dose of tumors, and in order to acquire optimized results of temperature distributions clinically needed, we designed the thermal model in which three types of MNPs injection for hyperthermia treatments were simulated. The simulated results showed that MNPs injection plan played an important role in determining thermal distribution, as well as the overall dose of MNPs injected. We found that as injected points enhanced, the difference of temperature in the whole tumor volume decreased. Moreover, from temperature detecting data by Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors (FOTSs) in glioma bearing rats during MNPs hyperthermia, we found the temperature errors by FOTSs reduced as the number of points injected enhanced. Finally, the results showed that the simulations are preferable and the optimized plans of the numbers and spatial positions of MNPs points injected are essential during direct injection hyperthermia.