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Experimental studies were conducted in a super-large wave flume, aiming at uncovering the hydrodynamic characteristics involved in the turbulent wave boundary layer of full scale environment. An explicit formula of boundary layer thickness on rough turbulent flow was presented based on the measured velocity data of the present study and collected experimental data on wave boundary layer. It was found that the bottom wave-associated nominal stresses under the conditions of prototype scale tests suppress the vertical turbulence scattering upward over the boundary layer, which accounts for thickening of the boundary layer under wave condition. Such effect has yet not been reported in the literatures using oscillatory U-tube or small-sized wave flume. The phase inconsistency in the turbulent boundary layer to the free stream velocity (velocity immediately outside the boundary layer) is within 15°, which is remarkably smaller than the results from oscillatory U-tubes, as well as the larger wave flume experiment presented by Xie et al. (2021), showing that the coarser bed would further reduce the phase lead. The intensity of the vertical turbulent component is approximately 1/2 of the horizontal component, which has larger ratio compared with the value of 1/5 reported by previous studies. Especially, it was also found that the vertical turbulent energy was approximately 3/4 of the turbulent energy in spanwise directions (y-direction). This means that the turbulent fluctuation has similar order in all three-directions (x, y, z) in a full scale environment and highlights that the turbulent components in all the three directions should not be neglected when calculating the total turbulent energy.

In this study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of the tapeworm

Background Apathy is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, its relation with other clinical symptoms in AD and brain structural changes in magnetic resonance imaging is unclear. Results Compared with AD with no apathy group, cognitive function and activities of daily living were significantly impaired and neuropsychiatric symptoms were obviously presented in AD with apathy group (P 0.05). Correlation analyses and multiple linear analyses revealed that thickness of left temporal pole and volume of posterior corpus callosum were significantly and negatively correlated with Modified Apathy Estimation Scale score in AD patients (P Conclusions Apathy with AD is positively correlated with cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms and poor activities of daily living. Atrophy of left temporal pole and posterior corpus callosum presented by MRI is positively related with apathy of AD. Methods In this study, 137 AD patients were recruited and divided into AD with apathy group and AD with no apathy group according to Modified Apathy Estimation Scale score. We evaluated patients' cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and activities of daily living, detected the frequency of Apolipoprotein E genotypes and measured cortical thickness and volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is reported as a useful predictor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are three sub-domains of olfaction: olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification. In AD patients, whether the performance of three sub-domains has different influential factors or relates to specific brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) change is not clear. Methods We recruited 105 typical AD patients, assessed patients’ cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and activity of daily living by related scales, evaluated patients’ olfactory function by Sniffin’ Sticks test and measured patients’ cortical thicknesses by MRI. Results Olfactory threshold negatively correlated with AD patients’ age and positively related to cognitive function; olfactory discrimination positively related to patients’ cognitive function and cortical thickness of left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus; olfactory identification positively related to patients’ cognitive function and cortical thicknesses of left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral superior temporal gyrus. Conclusions The three sub-domains of olfaction in AD patients have different influential factors: age influences olfactory threshold and cognitive function influences all three olfactory sub-domains. The performance of olfactory discrimination and identification in AD patients was associated with the cortical thickness of orbitofrontal gyrus and temporal lobe.

To investigate the expression of miR-146a and miR-211 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of children with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their clinical significance.One hundred and thirty newly diagnosed children with T-ALL from Hainan Third People's Hospital (T-ALL group) and 50 healthy persons (control group) were selected. The newly diagnosed T-ALL patients before treatment were taken as initial group, the patients reachived complete remission after induction therapy for 33 days were taken as remission group (n=98), the patients not reachived complete remission after induction therapy fore 33 days were taken as rafractory group (n=32). The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-221 in PBMNC were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-146a and miR-221 for T-ALL, Pearson correlation analysis was used to estimate the correlation of miR-146a and miR-221 expression with white blood cell count in children with T-ALL.The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-221 of PBMNC in T-ALL group were significantly higher than those in control group (5.83±1.54 vs 0.96±0.17) (7.13±2.60 vs 1.64±0.51) (P＜0.01). The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-221 in refractory group were significantly higher than those in remission group and initial group (8.74±2.35 vs 1.70±0.63 and 5.83±1.54) (11.316±4.83 vs 2.62±0.85 and 7.13±2.60) (P＜0.01). The expression levels of miR-146a and miR-221 correlated with white blood cell count, risk typing and MRD (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff values of miR-146a and miR-221 for diagnosing childhood T-ALL were 3.90 and 5.28, resoectively. While the AUC (95% CI) of the T-ALL jointy diagnosed by miR-146a and miR-221 was 0.835 (0.764-0.892), and it's sensitivity and specificity were 85.0% and 77.2%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-221 in PBMNC of children with T-ALL positively correlated with the white blood cell count (r=0.705, r=0.653, P＜0.01), and that of miR-146a positively correlated with miR-221 (r=0.784, P＜0.01).The expression of miR-146a and miR-221 is up-regulated in children with T-ALL and closely relates with the prognosis of children with T-ALL. The combined detection of miR-146a and miR-221 is certain value for diagnosis of T-ALL.miR-146a和miR-221在儿童急性T淋巴细胞白血病中的表达及其临床意义.探讨急性T淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）患儿外周血单个核细胞（PBMNC）中miR-146a和miR-221表达水平及临床意义.选取海南省第三人民医院收治的初诊T-ALL患儿130例（T-ALL组）和体检健康者50例（对照组）。T-ALL患儿以治疗前作为初发组，诱导治疗d 33达完全缓解者作为缓解组（n=98），未完全缓解者作为难治组（n=32）。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平。ROC曲线分析miR-146a及miR-221对T-ALL的诊断价值，Pearson相关分析评价T-ALL患儿miR-146a及miR-221表达与白细胞计数的相关性.T-ALL组PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平均明显高于对照组（5.83±1.54 vs 0.96±0.17）（7.13±2.60 vs 1.64±0.51）（P＜0.01）。难治组PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平均明显高于缓解组和初发组（8.74±2.35 vs 1.70±0.63, 5.83±1.54）（11.316±4.83 vs 2.62±0.85, 7.13±2.60）（P＜0.01）。miR-146a及miR-221表达水平与白细胞计数、危险度分型和MRD相关（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，miR-146a及miR-221诊断T-ALL的最佳截值分别为3.90和5.28，2项联合诊断T-ALL的AUC（95%CI）为0.835（0.764-0.892），其敏感度和特异度分别为85.0%和77.2%。相关分析显示，T-ALL患儿PBMNC的miR-146a及miR-221表达水平与白细胞计数均呈正相关（r=0.705，r=0.653，P＜0.01），miR-146a与miR-221呈正相关（r=0.784，P＜0.01）.miR-146a及miR-221在T-ALL患儿中表达上调，且与T-ALL患儿预后密切相关，2项联合检测对T-ALL诊断具有一定价值.

We explored changes in clinical features and neuropathological mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction (OD) in 60 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test and a threshold discrimination identification (TDI) score. Based on the TDI score, we divided patients according to the presence or absence of OD (AD-OD and AD-NOD, respectively). Cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated by a series of rating scales. The volumes and cortical thickness of the thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala were measured using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropathological protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid were measured. The frequency of OD was 50%. TDI scores were lower in the AD-OD group than in the AD-NOD group (p < 0.001). Compared with the AD-NOD group, the AD-OD group showed greater cognitive function impairments (p < 0.001), and daily living activities were more severely compromised (p = 0.019). The AD-OD group had lower hippocampal and amygdala volumes (p = 0.025, p = 0.030, respectively) and a more pronounced reduction in cortical thickness (p = 0.010). The total tau level was lower in the AD-OD group than the AD-NOD group (p = 0.040). Lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores and thinner AD-signature cortices were associated with lower TDI scores (OR = 0.826, p < 0.001; OR = 1.433, p = 0.008). Overall, in AD patients, the impairments in olfactory discrimination and identification seem to be more correlated with cognitive levels. OD in AD may be an indicator of pathological cognitive decline and structural changes.

The present study reported the case of a Chinese boy who was diagnosed with Moyamoya disease (MMD) associated with Graves' disease (GD). An overactivation of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) was identified in the plasma of the patient. Thiamazole and metoprolol treatment was thus administrated. After 2 months of treatment, the patient's thyroid function returned to normal and the neurological symptoms improved gradually. At the same time, the activities of vWF and FVIII were depressed. During the 20-month follow-up, information regarding the neurological symptoms, cerebrovascular imaging, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies and coagulation parameters was collected. High levels of thyroid autoantibodies persisted throughout the follow-up period, while other coagulation parameters remained in the normal range. In conclusion, considering the vital role of vWF and FVIII in vascular diseases, it is hypothesized that these two factors may serve an important role in the occurrence of GD associated with MMD.

Several molecular markers have been proposed as predictors of outcome in patients with glioblastomas. We investigated the prognostic significance of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and TP53 mutation status dependent on isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in glioblastoma patients. A cohort of 78 patients with histologically confirmed glioblastomas treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated the prognostic value of MGMT promoter methylation and TP53 mutation status with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). It was revealed that mutations in IDH1, promoter methylation of MGMT, TP53 mutation, age, Karnofsky performance status (KFS), and extension of resection were independent prognostic factors. In patients with an IDH1 mutation, those with an MGMT methylation were associated with longer PFS (p=0.016) and OS (p=0.013). Nevertheless, the presence of TP53 mutation could stratify the PFS and OS of patients with IDH1 wild type (p=0.003 and 0.029 respectively, log-rank). The MGMT promoter methylation and TP53 mutation were associated with a favorable outcome of patients with and without mutant IDH1, respectively. The results indicate that glioblastomas with MGMT methylation or TP53 mutations have improved survival that may be influenced by IDH1 mutation status.

A mathematical model to study currents in closure gap of a large coastal reclamation project was developed and solved by finite volume method basing on the strict quantity conservation characters. The unstructured triangular meshes were used to meet the complex boundaries and the local mesh refinement approach was adopted near the closure gap area so as to guarantee the requirements of veracity and computational precision. The flow field distribution and the maximum flow velocity were analyzed under different closure gap width in the tidal currents and the appropriate closure gap width was determined. It was indicated that combining the closure gap and overflow was necessary for the closure construction in offshore dyke engineering. The scheme from the simulation had been successfully applied in closure gap construction. The approach could be applied for power flow analysis to determinate the scheme for closure construction of larger areas in the reclamation project.

As a new type of antiparasitic drugs, ivermectin (IVM) has been widely applied in agriculture, stock raising and aquaculture in China because of its broad spectrum and high efficiency. In order to evaluate the IVM' s reproductive toxicity to male Crucian carp (Carassius auratus), IVM was orally given to the experimental fish with different dosages and the gonadosomatic index (GSI), sexual hormone contents (including testosterone and estradiol) in serum and testis, γ-aminobutyric acid content in serum and brain tissues, ultra-structure of spermatozoa and gonadal tissue in fish were determined in this study. The experimental fish were classified into A, B, C and D groups corresponding to the different dosages of IVM (0, 0.3, 0.9 and 1.5 mg . kg-1, respectively once a day for 3 days continuously). Several indices in fish were detected after 8 days self-purification. The results indicated that GSI gradually decreased with the increase of drug dosage, and GSI in groups C and D was significantly lower than that in group A. The contents of testosterone, estradiol and y-aminobutyric acid exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and reached the peak at group B. Sperm longevity gradually decreased and the motion time also decreased in II, III and IV level sperms with the increasing dosage of IVM, which appeared to be especially obvious in group C and D. No obvious differences were found in the ultra-structure of spermatozoa and gonadal tissues. In conclusion, this study suggested that IVM had no obvious reproductive toxicity to male Crucian carp at the normal therapeutic dosage but could cause serious potential reproductive toxicity to fish at a high concentration.

Seizure is a common presenting manifestation and plays an important role in the clinical presentation and quality of life for patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The authors set out to identify factors that influence preoperative seizure characteristics and postoperative seizure control. Cases involving adult patients who had undergone initial surgery for LGGs in a single institution between 2005 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with preoperative seizures and postoperative seizure control. Of the 508 patients in the series, 350 (68.9%) presented with seizures. Age less than 38 years and cortical involvement of tumor were more likely to be associated with seizures (P = .003 and .001, respectively, multivariate logistic analysis). For the cohort of 350 patients with seizures, Engel classification was used to evaluate 6- and 12-month outcome after surgery: completely seizure free (Engel class I), 65.3% and 62.5%; not seizure free (Engel classes II, III, IV), 34.7% and 37.5%. After multivariate logistic analysis, favorable seizure prognosis was more common in patients with secondary generalized seizure (P = .006) and with calcification on MRI (.031). With respect to treatment-related variables, patients achieved much better seizure control after gross total resection than after subtotal resection (P < .0001). Ki67 was an independent molecular marker predicting poor seizure control in the patients with a history of seizure if overexpressed but was not a predictor for those without preoperative seizures. These factors may provide insight into developing effective treatment strategies aimed at prolonging patients' survival.

The necessity to carry out study of the influence of metro works on tree growth in their vicinity is explained in the present paper. A preliminary analysis of how various engineering measures in different construction methods influence the growing conditions of trees is conducted. It is pointed out that to reduce the influence of metro works on the growth of trees involves two knowledge aspects: the necessary conditions and basic requirements in the growth habit of trees and how the underground growing environment is changed by metro works. A research perspective is put forward, which is to adopt the combination of the mechanism analysis, physical model test and numerical simulation in the study of the influence of metro works on the underground growing environment of trees.

The effect of the turbulence intensity of the oncoming stream on the aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA-0012 airfoil is investigated by a direct numerical simulation. The numerical results are found to be consistent with the experimental measurements. Based on the finite spectral QUICK scheme, the simulation gets the high accuracy results. Both the simulation and the experiment reveal that the airfoil stall does not exist for the low turbulence intensity, however, occurs when the turbulence intensity increases sufficiently. Besides, the turbulence intensity has a significant effect on both the airfoil boundary layer and the separated shear layer.

Reconstruction after intercalary excision of tibia malignancy is challenging. The combined use of a vascularized fibular flap and allograft can provide a reliable reconstructive option. Eight patients underwent reconstruction with an allograft and vascularized fibula following tibia malignancy resection. Patients were examined clinically and radiographically. The average age of patients was 16.5 years. The mean follow-up time was 38.4 months. Contralateral free fibula flap was used in three patients and ipsilateral pedicle fibula in five. The average length of defect was 11.8 cm and of fibula flap was 15.9 cm. Primary union was achieved in seven patients. The average time for bone union was 5.8 months at fibula-tibia junction and 14.1 months at allograft-tibia junction. Five patients had 10 complications. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society average score was 90.8% at final follow-up. Intramedullary fibular flap in combination with massive allografts provide an excellent option for reconstruction of large bony defects after tibial malignancy extirpation. Ipsilateral pedicle fibula transportation had the advantages of short operation time and avoidance of donor site complications compared with the contralateral free fibula transfer.

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are misdiagnosed frequently. To investigate the characteristics of TDLs, clinical and radiological data from nine cases with TDLs were analyzed after admission. All cases underwent surgery and pathological examination; some received postoperative steroid therapy. Onsets were mostly within 3 weeks and main presentation included intracranial hypertension, extremity weakness, epilepsy, and visual disturbance. Symptoms in children were acute and severe, frequently including headache, vomiting, and visual disturbance. Most intracephalic lesions were in cerebral hemispheres. All intraspinal lesions were in cervical segments. Radiological features included mass effect, perifocal edema and enhancement (of which open-ring enhancement was diagnostic), and decreased relative cerebral blood volume. Intraoperative frozen section did not confirm the diagnosis, while postoperative paraffin section did confirm it (by evidence of macrophage infiltration). The patients responded well to steroid therapy and no relapse was found during following up. Thus, intensive analysis of both clinical and radiological data may provide some clues for diagnosis. For suspected cases, it is advisable to take steroid therapy or undergo advanced radiological examinations, such as serial magnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, in difficult cases, pathological evidence is beneficial to a final diagnosis.

Eriocheir sinensis has higher commercial value as food source than any other species of Eriocheir in China. To protect its germplasm resources and evaluate impact on local ecology, molecular tools to characterize the population structure and identify kinships from different water systems are highly needed. We have newly identified a set of 18 microsatellite markers with the observed number of alleles at each locus ranges from 8 to 30, the observed heterozygosity ranges from 0.140 to 0.900. These newly isolated markers increase the available molecular resources that can be used to analyse population structure of Chinese mitten crab.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathological alterations and the stress responses around deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at 7.0T, 3.0T and 1.5T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DBS devices were stereotactically implanted into the brains of New Zealand rabbits, targeting the left nucleus ventralis posterior thalami, while on the right side, a puncture passage pointing to the same target was made. MRI scans at 7.0T, 3.0T and 1.5T were performed using transmit/receive head coils. The pathological alterations of the surrounding tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The levels of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP-70), Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) and Caspase-3 were determined by western-blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to assess the stress responses near the DBS electrodes. RESULTS: H&E staining and TEM showed that the injury around the DBS electrodes was featured by a central puncture passage with gradually weakened injurious alterations. Comparisons of the injury across the groups manifested similar pathological alterations near the DBS electrodes in each group. Moreover, western-blotting and QPCR assay showed that the level of HSP-70 was not elevated by MRI scans (p>0.05), and the levels of NeuN and Caspase-3 were equal in each group, regardless of the field strengths applied (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, it is reasonable to conclude that in this study the MRI scans at multiple levels failed to induce additional tissue injury around the DBS electrodes. These preliminary data furthered our understanding of MRI-related DBS heating and encouraged revisions of the current MRI guidelines for patients with DBS devices.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly utilized as part of the diagnostic workup for the clinical diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), further guiding the clinical treatment of this aggressive cancer. Recent research has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) may act as oncogenes, or in some cases, tumor suppressor genes that in turn may reflect the genotypic features of GBM. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MRI features and miRNA gene expression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.In order to identify the relationship between the radiographic findings of MRI and those identified changes in miRNA gene expression of GBM, we reviewed the MRI images of GBM patients and compared them with the identified miRNA expression profiles utilizing microarray analysis of paired GBM tumor samples. We chose five MRI imaging features: (1) contrast tumor enhanced/necrosis ratio, (2) contrast tumor enhanced/T2 ratio, (3) multiple lesions, (4) hemorrhage, and (5) necrotic volume. The relationship between these five imaging features and miRNA expression was studied using significance analysis of microarrays analysis.We found that the expression of miRNAs such as hsa-miR-892b, hsa-miR-892a, and hsa-miR-888 was inversely correlated with an enhanced/necrosis ratio ≥ 1. The miRNAs such as hsa-miR-95, hsa-miR-498, and hsa-miR-1300 were associated with a contrast tumor enhanced/T2 ratio ≥1. The miRNAs such as hsa-miR-612, hsa-miR-524-3, and hsamiR-1282 were associated with multiple lesions identified on MRI and the expression of miR-221 was associated with hemorrhage by GBM. The expression of miR-let-7, including miR-let-7f, miR-let-7i, and miR-let-7f-1*, was downregulated in the hemorrhage group. The gene expression of miRNAs such as hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-30e, and hsa-miR-301a was relatively low when compared with the larger necrotic volume group as identified by MRI.The miRNA gene expression profiles correlate with several selected MRI features of patients with GBM. Further analysis of key imaging features of MRI with correlation with miRNA gene expression patterns may help to guide treatment decisions based on these unique correlative profiles of GBM.

The mechanism of acupuncture analgesia in craniotomy has been widely studied. However, the theoretical basis for selection of acupoints has not been examined. In this study, we used the regional homogeneity method blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals to determine changes in brain activity in response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints and non-acupoints in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. BOLD fMRI scanning of the brain was performed for 306 seconds before and 30 minutes after transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints UB63 (Jinmen), LV3 (Tai chong), ST36 (Zusanli), and GB40 (Qiuxu). The procedure was repeated after one week with stimulation on non-acupoints (one was 9 above BL67, the second was 12 above BL67 (Kunlun), the third was 7 above KI3, and the fourth was 10 above KI3 (Taixi)).The regional homogeneity in the acupoint group was increased in the left thalamus, caudate, putamen, lentiform nucleus (BA19, 30, 39), postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus (BA3, 4, 30, 32), calcarine fissure, middle temporal gyrus (BA30), right superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus (BA38), cuneus, and precuneus (BA7, 19) when compared to the non-acupoint group. The regional homogeneity of the acupoint group was decreased in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, middle frontal gyrus (BA10), double-side precuneus (BA7), and the postcentral gyrus (BA40).The brain region activated following acupoint stimulation is the ipsilateral pain-related brain region, which may relate to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on pain relief. Further acupoint stimulation causes different central nervous responses compared to non-acupoint stimulation.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used in the diagnosis, characterization and clinical management of GBM. The diagnosis and treatment of GBM is largely guided by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This study aimed to identify the relationship between magnetic resonance features and molecular pathology of GBM.MRI images of 43 glioblastoma patients were collected. Four imaging features, degree of edema, contrast tumor enhanced/T2 ratio, multiple lesions and tumor across the midline, were selected to identify their relationship with P53, Ki-67 and O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in patients with GBM. The relationship between imaging features and molecular pathology was studied by chi-square test using the software SPSS 13.0.High expression of P53 was found correlated with low contrast tumor enhanced/T2 ratio, low expression of Ki-67 was correlated with multiple lesions and high expression of KI-67 may be related with tumor across the midline, low expression of MGMT was correlated with edema.Some MRI features such as the degree of edema, contrast tumor enhanced/T2 ratio, multiple lesions and tumor acrossing the midline are correlated with P53, Ki-67 and MGMT of GBM.

Localization of sensory cortical areas during the operation is essential to preserve the sensory function. Intraoperative direct electrostimulation under awake anesthesia is the golden standard but time-consuming. We applied 3T high field blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the relationship between glioma and cortical sensory areas preoperatively and to guide intraoperative direct electrostimulation for quick and precise localization.Five glioma patients with sensory cortex involvement by or next to the lesion had preoperative BOLD fMRI to determine the spatial relationship of cortical sensory areas to the tumours. Bilateral hand opposite movement was performed by these patients for fMRI. Precentral and postcentral gyri were identified by electrical stimulation during the operation. Karnofsky Performance Status scores of the patients' pre- and postoperative and the role of BOLD fMRI were evaluated.The cortical sensory areas were all activated in five glioma patients involving postcentral gyrus areas by BOLD fMRI with bilateral hand opposite movement. The detected activation areas corresponded with the results from cortical electrical stimulation.The relationship between cortical sensory areas and tumour can be accurately shown by BOLD fMRI before operation. And the information used to make the tumour resection could obtain good clinical results.

To locate motor functional area of patients who undergone modified anatomical hemispherectomy in order to analysis the plasticity of upper limbs motor.The patients who undergone modified anatomical hemispherectomy were performed BOLD sequences, to locate functional cortical areas in their residual brain.6 patients have performed examination of BOLD sequences by 3.0-T MRI.5 of them obtained contralateral upper limb motor areas in their residual brain, and 3 of them obtained ipsilateral and contralateral upper limb motor area map in cortex. The ipsilateral upper limb motor areas in the M1, SMA and posterior parietal cortex.The patients who undergone modified anatomical hemispherectomy is an excellent model to investigate mechanism of plasticity in the developing brain. Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) provided fine spatial detail of brain responses, would describe the motor functional area of cortical maps. These patients exist ipsilateral motor areas in their residual mono hemisphere. The study indicated there maybe have somewhat extent of correlation between the surgical procedure and the outcome of neuroplasticity.

There are a variety of approaches to identify groups of genes that change in expression in response to a particular stimulus or environment. We here describe the application of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) for isolation and identification genes in the brain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under cold temperatures. The materials were prepared through cooling the hybrid F2 of purse red carp (cold-tolerant strains) and bighead carp (coldsensitive species) to different regimes of temperatures. A subtracted cDNA library containing 2000 clones was constructed. About 60 positive clones were identified to express differentially by dot blotting in screening 480 clones. Sequencing 26 clones and aligning in GenBank/EMBL database using blastn searching engine, 15 genes showed higher similarities with 85-98%. These annotated genes contained (1) genes for transcription factors and gene products involved in signal transduction pathways such as zinc-finger protein, brevican; (2) genes involved in lipid metabolism such as Acyl-CoA synthetases, and (3) genes involved in the translational machinery such as cytochrome c oxidase, ependymin glycoprotein. In addition, real-time PCR was also conducted to validate these genes. To sum up, we believe this study will make an important contribution to elucidate the possible mechanisms on fish cold tolerance at a molecular level.

To explore the role of preoperative blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to identify the relationship between motor cortical area, pyramidal tracts with brain gliomas in neurosurgical treatment of intraoperative electrical stimulation for gliomas involving motor areas at 3T.Twenty-eight patients with brain gliomas involving motor areas were included. They underwent MRI examination, which included conventional T1WI, T2WI, BOLD-fMRI of bilateral hands movement paradigm and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The data of BOLD-fMRI and DTI were transferred to the workstation (Leonardo syngo 2003A, Siemens) and analyzed. Activation mapping of hands movement, fractional Anisotropy (FA) Color and three dimensional pyramidal tracts were produced. The relationship between motor cortical area, pyramidal tracts and brain gliomas was demonstrated, which was used to optimize the pre-surgical planning. With guidance of the result of BOLD-fMRI and DTT, all patients received microsurgery under anaesthesia retaining consciousness using intraoperative motor functional brain mapping with the method of direct electrical stimulations. The brain lesions were removed as far as possible in the case of eloquent areas and sub-cortical important white matters preservation. The preoperative and postoperative KPS of all patients were operated to evaluate the state of patients.BOLD-fMRI, DTI were performed successfully in 28 patients. The relationship between the primary motor cortex, premotor area, supplementary motor area, pyramidal tracts and brain gliomas localized by preoperative fMRI and DTI. Under anaesthesia retaining consciousness, the primary motor area was monitored by the method of direct electrical stimulations with the guidance of preoperative BOLD-fMRI. There was good correlation between preoperative fMRI and intraoperative cortical stimulation. Furthermore, the preoperative mappings and DTT could make up for the un-monitored motor areas and pyramidal tracts during operative cortical stimulation. Comparing the preoperative KPS, the postoperative KPS was advanced.BOLD-fMRI and DTT could non-invasively localize the relationship between brain motor cortex, pyramidal tracts and brain gliomas in vivo to optimize the surgical planning, guide the microsurgery under anaesthesia retaining consciousness using intraoperative motor functional brain mapping with the method of direct electrical stimulations and remove brain tumors as far as possible in the case of eloquent areas and sub-cortical important white matters preservation.

Acta Genetica Sinica (AGS) is sponsored by the Genetics Society of China and the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is published by Science Press. The journal is a leading national academic periodical and one of the Chinese key periodicals of natural sciences. Currently, AGS is being indexed by several well-known domestic and international indexing systems, such as the American Chemical Digest (CA), BIOSIS database, Biological Digest (BA), Medical Index and Russian Digest (P [symbol: see text]). Papers in the areas of genetics, developmental biology, cell molecular biology and evolution are regularly published by AGS.

A new semi-Lagrangian (SL) scheme is proposed by using finite spectral regional interpolation and adequate numerical dissipation to control the nonlinear instability. The finite spectral basis function is C1 continuous at the boundary and is easy to construct. Comparison between numerical and experimental results indicates that the present method works well in solving incompressible Navier—Stokes equations for unsteady flows around airfoil with different angles of attack.