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BACKGROUND Plant diseases have been gripping agricultural production, seriously affecting the growth and yields of crops. Marine natural products are an important source for novel drugs discovery. In this work, pityriacitrin marine alkaloids were selected as the parent structures. A series of pityriacitrin alkaloid analogues were rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities and fungicidal activities. RESULT Most of these compounds were demonstrated to have higher antiviral activities than ribavirin. Particularly, compounds 3a, 3e, 8f, 8g, and 9g displayed higher anti-TMV activities than ningnanmycin at 500 μg·mL-1 . Mechanism research revealed that 3a could bind to TMV CP with an excellent affinity (Ka = 8.67 × 106 L·mol-1 ), thus interfere with the assembly of virus particles. These alkaloids also showed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against eight kinds of phytopathogenic fungi. Compound 5f with 1.43-3.84 μg·mL-1 EC50 value against three fungi emerged as a new fungicidal candidate. CONCLUSION Pityriacitrin alkaloids and their derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-TMV and fungicidal activities for the first time. Compounds 3a and 5f with excellent activities emerged as new candidates for antiviral research and fungicidal research, respectively. Current work provided a new idea for the molecular design and development of novel plant virus and fungi inhibitors in the future. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

With urban high buildings increasing in China, the demand for efficiency of wall insulation is getting more and more serious, especially in northeast and northwest China. However, thermal insulation wall in domestic is quite easy to produce cracks under external conditions, which greatly reduces life time. In this paper, we expand the discarded glass and mix aggregate and polypropylene fiber to improve the compressive strength of concrete to achieve green multifunctional concrete.Through the performance test of the expansive glass, we conclude that performances of expansive glass become best at the sinter point of 660°;Moreover, TiO2 added to the exterior wall coating can catalyze the degradation of nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde to purify the air. Non-toxic and harmless, the wall, with strong thermal insulation efficiency, is expected to replace the current building materials in order to produce and utilize massively.

Retina degeneration and neovascularization are present in many common retinal diseases, which can cause vision disability and blindness. Recent studies have demonstrated that the Notch signaling involves in regulating the development and differentiation of various tissues and cells. In this review, we discuss the compositions of the Notch signaling and its effects in the processes of retina development and angiogenesis. The Notch signaling pathway provides us a novel drug target for the treatment of retinal disease.