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Background: To demonstrate the efficacy of the anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab in patients with glucocorticoid-refractory idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI). Patients and Methods: A retrospective, observational case series study on 16 (10 females, 6 male) consecutive patients treated with TCZ for glucocorticoid-refractory IOI between September 2020 and January 2022. Median follow-up was 14.0±4.68 months (range, 9-24 months). The mean age of the patients was 34.5±9.93 years (range, 19-60 years), All patients had been treated with glucocorticoid but condition is repeatedly reactivated when steroid tapering for 0.5-3 years. Each patient underwent ophthalmological examinations, laboratory tests, CT/MRI of orbit, and received the initiated treatment with a monthly dose of 8 mg/kg TCZ for 2 to 6 cycles. TCZ was withdrawn due to low disease activity. Patient-reported outcomes, clinician-reported outcomes, and CT/MRI findings of the orbit after treatment were collected at the follow-up to assess the response. Results: Among the patients, 7 (44%) had myositis, 5 (31%) had diffuse IOI, 2 (13%) had dacryoadenitis, and 2 (13%) had anterior IOI. All patients (100%) had eyelid swelling and oppressive orbital pain, 12 (75%) had diplopia and ocular motility restriction, 9 (56%) had ptosis, and 1 (6%) had vision decline. After one treatment with TCZ, the eyelid swelling, ptosis, and orbital pain improved in all patients and completely relieved after all treatments. The average numeric pain rating scale score of all patients was 4.88±2.18 (range, 2-9) and dropped to 0 before and after TCZ treatment respectively (PConclusion: TCZ can reduce orbital pain, eyelid swelling, muscle enlarge, ocular motility limitation of glucocorticoid-refractory IOI. Treatment with TCZ appears to offer another therapeutic option in cases of recalcitrant or recurrent IOI in which conventional treatment fails or contraindications to intravenous glucocorticoid pulse therapy.

The magnetic properties of the magnetic transparent composite films largely depend on the content of Fe3O4 employed. However, higher addition of Fe3O4 into the matrix will lead to Fe3O4 nanoparticles agglomeration resulting in the reduction in the transparency of the composite films. The contradiction between Fe3O4 nanoparticle content and transparency limits the application of transparent magnetic films. In this work, the spherical bamboo nanocellulose (SBN) with an average size of 61 nm was prepared from bamboo powder by NaOH/Urea/Thiourea aqueous system, which was an effective, inexpensive and less toxic strategy. The basic structure of SBN was investigated. The SBN exhibited the cellulose II type crystal structure. The molecular chain length of SBN were lower than before dissolution. The magnetic SBN/Fe3O4 composite films with light penetration were prepared. The results revealed that the dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the SBN/Fe3O4 composite films was much better than that in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/Fe3O4 composite films because of the abundant hydrogen bonds between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and SBN. The transparent results indicated the highest transmittance of the films was 94% in the wavelength range of visible light, which was almost 23.7% higher than that of NFC/Fe3O4 composite films with the same amount of Fe3O4 addition (15 wt%). The findings in this study also revealed that the SBN in the SBN/Fe3O4 composite films was distributed in layers. The saturation magnetization of the SBN/Fe3O4 composite films was 10.65 emu g−1 with 15 wt% Fe3O4 incorporated, which guaranteed the excellent magnetic properties.

Different biomass sources (bamboo, rape straw, lignin, and Yaupon holly) were liquefied using microwave energy to produce biopolyols, which were then used to prepare biofoams without any further separation process. The results indicated that the content of hydroxyl groups in biopolyols derived from different biomass sources was sorted in descending order as rape straw, Yaupon holly, bamboo, and lignin. The rheological analysis demonstrated that the biopolyols were pseudoplastic, and the yield stress of biopolyols was remarkably increased with increasing biomass content. The compressive strength of polyurethane (PU) foam was rendered smaller by introducing biomass sources. Nevertheless, the biofoam obtained from biomass sources with higher hydroxyl groups content had better PU performance. In addition, the termite resistance performance of PU foam increased with the introduction of Yaupon holly, rape straw, and bamboo sources. Accordingly, the biofoams derived from the liquefaction of rape straw performed better than those from other biomass sources.

Based on the precipitation data observed by stations and data simulated by 23 CMIP5 models, the features and future changes of summer (Jun-Jul-Aug) extreme precipitation events in Sichuan Province of China were analysed. We found that the total precipitation (RSum), extreme precipitation threshold (Threshold90), extreme precipitation (TR90), extreme precipitation percentage (TR90pct) and extreme precipitation intensity (TR90str) decreased from the southeast to the northwest in Sichuan Province, reflecting the differences between eastern Sichuan (ESC, basins) and western Sichuan (WSC, mountains). Compared with the observations, most of the CMIP5 models showed that there were wet biases in WSC and an unclear bias pattern in ESC for the RSum, Threshold90, TR90, and TR90str. However, the extreme precipitation days (ND90) and TR90pct values simulated by the models were generally overestimated and underestimated, respectively. Compared with the historical period, most models showed obvious increases in the TR90 and TR90pct in the 21 century, while the characteristics of Rsum, ND90, and TR90str were inconspicuous. Compared with the mid-21st century, the extreme precipitation in the late-21st century exhibited a certain degree of increase. Even during the same period, the results of RCP8.5 were higher than those of RCP4.5, especially for the ND90, TR90, and TR90pct.

Noise is a significant part within a millimeter-wave molecular line datacube. Analyzing the noise improves our understanding of noise characteristics, and further contributes to scientific discoveries. We measure the noise level of a single datacube from MWISP and perform statistical analyses. We identified major factors which increase the noise level of a single datacube, including bad channels, edge effects, baseline distortion and line contamination. Cleaning algorithms are applied to remove or reduce these noise components. As a result, we obtained the cleaned datacube in which noise follows a positively skewed normal distribution. We further analyzed the noise structure distribution of a 3D mosaicked datacube in the range l = 40 ⋅ ° 7 to 43 ⋅ ° 3 and b = − 2 ⋅ ° 3 to 0 ⋅ ° 3 and found that noise in the final mosaicked datacube is mainly characterized by noise fluctuation among the cells.

Over recent decades, hydrologists have proposed a variety of methods to predict discharge in ungauged catchments, and significant progress has been made in the field of hydrological model parameter regionalization. However, uncertainties from both hydrological models and regionalization methods make it a challenge to draw clear conclusions for some questions in regionalization (e.g., the best performing regionalization method, the optimal number of donor catchments, and the optimal efficiency threshold of donor catchments). In this study, for the first time, we made an attempt to address such questions in one paper through a comprehensive evaluation of model performance by using five regionalization methods with two weighting schemes, two averaging options, and five efficiency thresholds, as well as four lumped hydrological models over a broad set of 3444 catchments under varying hydroclimatic conditions in North America. The results show that: (1) Spatial Proximity with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method and the output average option (SPI-out) generally performs better than or is comparable to other regionalization methods for different climate regions and hydrological models, while the global mean method performs the worst. (2) The rank of different regionalization methods is similar among different climatic regions and hydrological models. Compared to catchments with other climates, the performance of regionalization methods is worst for catchments with arid climate. (3) The selection of five donors is relatively efficient for distance/attributes-based regionalization approaches with the output averaging option disregarding the efficiency threshold. (4) The differences of median KGE values among threshold “all”, 0.6 and 0.7 are no more than 0.05 for each regionalization scheme. However, the regionalization performance significantly deteriorates from threshold of 0.7 to 0.9. Thus, the poorly calibrated catchments may need to be included in the regionalization process, especially when the number of catchment is not sufficient.

Background:To describe the preliminary suppressive effects of iodine 125 brachytherapy for malignant lacrimal gland tumors after excisionMethods:The study recruit 9 patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma from May 2017 to December 2020. All patients underwent eye sparing surgical tumor resection first and then received iodine 125 interstitial brachytherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. We look over whether tumor recurred or metastasized by detecting the visual function and CT/MRI/PET MRI of every patient.Results1 patient was lost visit. The median follow up period was 29 months of other 8 patients (range, 7 43 months). One patient experienced recurrence two years later but was free from local disease after iodine 125 seeds were implanted one more time. The vision of one female patient was lost due to the seeds moving to the optic nerve. In the remaining 6 patients the vision was no changed, and CT/MRI showed no tumor was recurrencedConclusions:Permanent iodine 125 strip implantation in the orbit can be used as an alternative eye sparing surgery for malignant lacrimal gland tumors after tumor excision. It can control tumor recurrence and maintenance of vision and good cosmesis.

OBJECTIVES: Primary malignant tumours of the lacrimal sac are rare, surgery and radiotherapy may induce substantial side effects for patients. Here, this article reports an innovative technique of interstitial brachytherapy developed for the treatment of malignant lacrimal sac tumours. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients (male 3, female 1), with an average age of 52.7 years (range 41–72 years), were individually diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma. All patients received Iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy after surgical resection for malignant lacrimal sac tumours. Visual function examination (vision, intraocular tension, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography) and CT/MRI/PET-MRI were performed to look for signs of recurrent tumours or metastasis. RESULTS: Four patients were followed for an average of 28 months (range, 23–37 months). All patients were free from local disease. Their visual function was normal, and CT/MRI did not reveal any tumour recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy can be used as an alternative to wide excision or exenteration of these tumours. There was good local control, reasonable maintenance of vision, and good cosmesis.

To provide an accurate estimate of global water resources and help to formulate water allocation policies, global hydrological models (GHMs) have been developed. However, it is difficult to obtain parameter values for GHMs, which results in large uncertainty in estimation of the global water balance components. In this study, a framework is developed for building GHMs based on parameter regionalization of catchment scale conceptual hydrological models. That is, using appropriate global scale regionalization scheme (GSRS) and conceptual hydrological models to simulate runoff at the grid scale globally and the Network Response Routing (NRF) method to converge the grid runoff to catchment streamflow. To achieve this, five regionalization methods (i.e. the global mean method, the spatial proximity method, the physical similarity method, the physical similarity method considering distance, and the regression method) are first tested for four conceptual hydrological models over thousands medium-sized catchments (2500–50000 km2) around the world to find the appropriate global scale regionalization scheme. The selected GSRS is then used to regionalize conceptual model parameters for global land grids with 0.5°×0.5° resolution on latitude and longitude. The results show that: (1) Spatial proximity method with the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method and the output average option (SPI-OUT) offers the best regionalization solution, and the greatest gains of the SPI-OUT method were achieved with mean distance between the donor catchments and the target catchment is no more than 1500 km. (2) It was found the Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) value of 0.5 is a good threshold value to select donor catchments. And (3) Four different GHMs established based on framework were able to produce reliable streamflow simulations. Overall, the proposal framework can be used with any conceptual hydrological model for estimating global water resources, even though uncertainty exists in terms of using difference conceptual models.

The multi-model combination is a technique to improve the performances of hydrological streamflow simulations. An area that has not been investigated much is the performance dependence of combination techniques on the hydrological model calibration strategy and ensemble size. This study aims at investigating the joint effect of the hydrological models, calibration strategies and ensemble sizes on combination abilities for selecting the most appropriate multi-model combination method. The ensemble members were constructed by applying four hydrological models and four objective functions over 383 catchments in China. The ensemble members were combined by using nine commonly used methods, which are Equal Weights (EWA), Akaike Information Criterion (AICA), Bayes Information Criterion (BICA), Bates and Granger (BGA), Granger Ramanathan A, B, and C (GRA, GRB, and GRC), Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Multi-model Super Ensemble (MMSE). The GRC is found as the best multi-model combination method for hydrological simulations. Adding ensemble members by either multiple hydrological models or calibration strategies could help to improve the simulation abilities. Specifically, the increase of ensemble members can obviously enhance the performance of multi-model combinations when the ensemble size is less than six, while only limited improvement is achieved when the ensemble size is more than nine. The combination of ensemble members with various calibration strategies is hard to compensate for the weakness of hydrological model structures. As well, the application of a single calibration strategy in ensemble members only emphasizes single discharge periods and neglects other important discharge periods. This study found that various models with different objective functions are more robust and efficient. The combination performs better than any individual model in terms of Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for approximately 70% catchments, but the multi-model combination is less efficient in terms of low-flow simulations.

BACKGROUND ALOX5, IL6R and SFTPD are all immune related genes that may be involved in the development of lung cancer. We sought to explore the effect of polymorphisms of these genes on the risk of lung cancer. METHODS Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using a MassARRAY platform in a case-control cohort including 550 patients with lung cancer and 550 healthy controls. RESULTS The rs4845626-T and rs4329505-C alleles were associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (p

Entropic uncertainty relation (EUR) quantifies the precision of measurements for arbitrary two non-commuting observables within a specified system. Due to exposure in a noisy environment, a practical system unavoidably suffers from decay by interacting with the environment. Inthis paper, we investigate the dynamic behaviors of EUR for a pair of non-commuting observables under two typical dissipative environments. Specifically, we study the dynamics features of EUR in a single-qubit system under the degradation induced by amplitude damping (AD) and depolarizing noises, respectively. It has been found that AD and depolarizing noises do not always cause the increase of the uncertainty, and can reduce the amount in a relative long-time regime. Remarkably, it has been shown that there exists a critical phenomenon that AD noise can always lead to the reducing of the uncertainty when the ratio of ground state and excited state is beyond a threshold in the system. Furthermore, we propose a general and effective approach to steer EUR by means of a kind of non-unitary operations, namely, quantum weak measurements. It is verified that quantum weak measurements can effectively reduce the entropic uncertainty in the dissipative environment.

Aim To investigate the effects of lentivirus (LV) mediated integrin-linked kinase (ILK) RNA interference (RNAi) on biological behaviors of human lens epithelial cells (LECs). Methods Human cataract LECs and immortalized human LEC line, human lens epithelial (HLE) B-3 cells were transfected by lentiviral vector expressing ILK-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and then stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), the silencing of ILK gene and protein was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods; biological behaviors including cell cycle and apoptosis, cell morphology, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) stress fiber formation and cell migration were examined. Results Remarkable decreases of ILK protein expression were detected in LECs carrying lentiviral ILK-shRNA vector; flow cytometry revealed arresting of cell cycle progression through the G1/S transition and higher apoptosis rate in ILK-RNAi-LV transfected cells. Less α-SMA stress fiber formation and migration was observed in ILK-RNAi-LV transfected LECs. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that ILK was an important regulator for LECs proliferation and migration. LV mediated ILK RNAi is an effective way to decrease ILK-regulated cell growth by arresting cell cycle progression and increasing cell apoptosis, as well as, to prevent cell migration by inhibiting TGF-β induced α-SMA stress fiber formation. Thus, LV mediated ILK RNAi might be useful to prevent posterior capsular opacification.

For effective and convenient mobile healthcare management, we have designed and implemented a web-based healthcare management system to manage physiological data collected by Android app. The users can check their records and share them to their friends using a famous social network software called WeChat in China. A lot of different kind of wearable health monitoring devices and relevant app emerged in the market in recent years, but there isn’t a universal health data management platform which can manage different physiological data collected from different devices. This paper aims to build a mobile healthcare management platform (MHMP) based on Joomla and WeChat to manage different health data collected from different health monitoring devices. A MHMP prototype has been implemented based on Joomla, Apache, MySQL and WeChat. The laboratory tests show that the prototype MHMP has the advantage of managing different source health data very conveniently and effectively.

Based on NEWTON and dynamical analysis the half car model is built, in which air spring is a nonlinear system on the basis of force model and the shock absorber has soft and hard states. By the simulation of the model and combination with experiments, the model is proved right and the influencing factor of angle-displacement and acceleration of body can be gained. Then with the application of genetic algorithm in Matlab tools, appropriate control parameters is being set, the above-mentioned model can be optimized, results of optimizations will be compared with three ride comfort evaluation indexes before optimizations. By judging the corresponded extents of curve before and after optimizations, it shows that the parameters after optimizations can improve the ride comfort.

A hydro-thermo-mechanical model was presented for concrete at elevated temperature. Three phases of continuum were adopted in this model: gaseous mixture of water vapor and dry air, liquid water, and solid skeleton of concrete. Mass conservation equations, linear momentum conservation equation, and energy conservation equation were derived on the basis of the macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations for a general continuum, along with assumptions made for the purpose of simplification. Mathematical relationships between selected primary variables and secondary variables were given with existing data from references. Specifications of the constitutive relations were made for the kinetic variables and their conjugate forces.

This paper adopts large finite element software ANSYS to establish finite element model of twin-tower building with enlarged base, uses dynamic time history analysis method for seismic response calculation, compare and analyze the calculation results of twin-tower building with enlarged base under elastic boundary conditions and rigid boundary conditions. The results showe that dynamic response for model under elastic boundary conditions is larger than dynamic response for model under rigid boundary conditions, and elastic boundary conditions is more close to the actual situation.

Based on Winkler model and engineering example, the behavior of elastic long pile under horizontal load was analyzed in test status while pile top at free. The analysis results show that under same horizontal static load, the maximum of pile shaft bending moment in work status is higher than it in test status. Directly using the horizontal bearing capacity obtained by horizontal static load test in project design is unsafe and inapposite. The horizontal bearing capacity of pile in work status can be get based on the proportion coefficient of the horizontal resistance coefficient.

Summary Aims The intravenous anesthetic propofol caused episodic memory impairments in human. We hypothesized propofol caused episodic-like spatial memory retention but not acquisition impairments in rats and rescuing cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling using selective type IV phosphodiesterase (PDEIV) inhibitor rolipram reversed these effects. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: control; propofol (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal); rolipram; and rolipram + propofol (pretreatment of rolipram 25 min before propofol, 0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Sedation and motor coordination were evaluated 5, 15, and 25 min after propofol injection. Invisible Morris water maze (MWM) acquisition and probe test (memory retention) were performed 5 min and 24 h after propofol injection. Visible MWM training was simultaneously performed to resist nonspatial effects. Hippocampal CREB signaling was detected 5 min, 50 min, and 24 h after propofol administration. Results Rolipram did not change propofol-induced anesthetic/sedative states or impair motor skills. No difference was found on the latency to the platform during the visible MWM. Propofol impaired spatial memory retention but not acquisition. Rolipram reversed propofol-induced spatial memory impairments and suppression on cAMP levels, CaMKIIα and CREB phosphorylation, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and Arc protein expression. Conclusions Propofol caused spatial memory retention impairments but not acquisition inability possibly by inhibiting CREB signaling.

Purpose To compare the clinical efficacy and complications of limited internal fixation combined with external fixation (LIFEF) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in the treatment of Pilon fracture. Methods We searched databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library and China Biology Medicine disc for the studies comparing clinical efficacy and complications of LIFEF and ORIF in the treatment of Pilon fracture. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the rate of nonunion, malunion/delayed union and the excellent/good rate assessed by Mazur ankle score. The complications including infections and arthritis symptoms after surgery were also investigated. Results Nine trials including 498 pilon fractures of 494 patients were identified. The meta-analysis found no significant differences in nonunion rate (RR = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.66 to 3.86, p = 0.30), and the excellent/good rate (RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.04, p = 0.28) between LIFEF group and ORIF group. For assessment of infections, there were significant differences in the rate of deep infection (RR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.55, p = 0.002), and the rate of arthritis (RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.53, p = 0.02) between LIFEF group and ORIF group. Conclusion LIFEF has similar effect as ORIF in the treatment of pilon fractures, however, LIFEF group has significantly higher risk of complications than ORIF group does. So LIFEF is not recommended in the treatment of pilon fracture.

Based on the panel data of 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 1995 to 2010, this paper uses a semi-parametric panel data additive model to study the influences of coal, electricity, oil consumptions to regional economic growth. The obtained results indicate that the influence directions and intensities of coal, electricity and oil consumptions to GDP are different in estern, central and western regions of China. They are decided by the combination of linear and nonlinear influences.

The laminar convective heat transfer behavior of CuO nanoparticle dispersions in water with three different particle sizes (23 nm, 51 nm, and 76 nm) is investigated experimentally in a flow loop with constant heat flux. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of particle size on convective heat transfer in laminar region. The experimental results show that the suspended nanoparticles remarkably increase the convective heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid, and the nanofluid with 23nm particles shows higher heat transfer coefficient than nanofluids containing the other two particle sizes about 10% under the same Re. Based on the effective medium approximation and the fractal theory, the effective thermal conductivity of suspension is obtained. It is shown that if the new effective thermal conductivity correlation of the nanofluids is used in calculating the Prandtl and Nusselt numbers, the new correlation accurately reproduces the convective heat transfer behavior in tubes.

Crash sense module of vehicle emergency call system determines whether or not the system can sense accurately the accident happened in time. Based on the function requirements of crash sense module, this paper researched on its software and hardware so that implemented the serial communication between MCU and LabVIEW. And the result of sled crash test shows the reliability of software and hardware of crash sense module.

Nuclear power station has high safety requirements, and the safety systems related to the nuclear island must be checked by hydraulic calculation. In the conventional island, the safe shutdown of the nuclear island most closely relates to the feedwater system, which determines the quantity and quality of the feedwater supply to the steam generator. In this paper, feedwater evolution in case of steamline break will be presented by using Flowmaster hydraulic software, and the results was used as the input for the analysis of security assessment in the nuclear island.

The crusher dust in Manufactured fine aggregate (MFA), e.g. limestone powder in calcareous MFA, constitutes micro gradation of the aggregate and suitable content of crusher dust in MFA can improve the properties of concretes. In this paper, early hydration processes of samples substituting limestone powder and fly ash for part of cement are analyzed, and effects of limestone powder on cement hydrates are studied through experiment of mortar prepared with MFA partially replaced by limestone powder and fly ash. The result reveals that both the dormant period and acceleration period of hydration ended earlier in the samples substituting limestone powder for part of cement, and amount of crystals of calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium carboaluminate increases in hardened paste in the samples substituting limestone powder for part of MFA, i.e. calcareous dust (limestone powder) in MFA can stimulate and enhance hydration of cement.

The aim is to study the efficacy and safety of etoricoxib in the treatment of acute gout, as compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We conducted a computerized search of electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine disc, and Cochrane Library. The search terms were as follows: gout arthritis, tophus, etoricoxib, indometacin naproxen, diclofenac, and NSAIDs. Articles were searched from 1983 until August 2014. A manual search of peer-reviewed English documents was performed by cross-checking the bibliographies of selected studies. These trials reported pain relief as the primary outcome. Tenderness, swelling, patients’ global assessments of response to treatment, and investigators’ global assessments of response to treatment were reported as the secondary outcomes. All adverse events were recorded for safety assessment. Six trials including 851 patients were identified. Both etoricoxib and NSAIDs had an effect on inflammation and analgesia. Compared with indometacin and diclofenac, etoricoxib had a lower incidence of adverse events. Etoricoxib 120 mg administered orally once daily has the same efficacy on acute gout as indometacin and diclofenac. Etoricoxib is tolerated better by patients than NSAIDs such as indometacin and diclofenac.

This paper presents a kind of watermarking algorithm based on numerical attribute in the relational databases. The watermarking is embedded by the Arnold transforming and scrambling technology and modifying the parity of the low decimal number of numeric attribute, connected with some attribute in the physical storage space in the relational databases. This algorithm may achieve the purpose of copyright protection of database effectively because of the strong robustness.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on respiratory system, circulatory system and renal function in rats. To investigate the difference between the direct measure and indirect measure methods (via inferior vena cava and bladder) for IAP.Sixty Sprague-Drawly (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with different IAP (IAP value of 1-5 groups was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mm Hg,respectively) and healthy control group, 10 rats in each group. The parameters of respiratory system, circulatory system, renal function, and IAP value were recorded. The correlation between direct and indirect measurement methods was also analyzed.There were no significant differences in above parameters between IAPI and healthy control groups. Compared with those in healthy control group, PaO2 significantly decreased (P0.05), SCr and BUN increased significantly in IAP2 group (P0.05). Other indexes in IAP3, IAP4 groups increased (P0.05 or P0.01) except for respiratory frequency(RF) and MAP (P0.05). PaO2 and MAP decreased (P0.01), and other indexes increased (P0.05 or P0.01) in IAP5 group. The values obtained from the indirect measure method were positively correlated with that from the direct measure method (r = 0.937, 0.955, P0.01, respectively).IAP can affect respiratory system, circulatory system and renal function in different degrees in rats. The indirect measure method can replace the direct measure method for IAP measure with little injuries.