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Yunxiao Gu,* Jiaming Feng,* Jiayi Shi,* Guanyi Xiao,* Weiwei Zhang, Shuijin Shao, Baonian Liu, Haidong Guo Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Baonian Liu; Haidong Guo, Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China, Email bnliu15@fudan.edu.cn; hdguo8@hotmail.comBackground: Exosomes in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have attracted huge attention with substantial value and potential. Our bibliometrics is based on literature from the field of cardiovascular exosomes over the past 30 years, which has been visualized to display the development process, research hotspots, and cutting-edge trends of clinical practices, mechanisms, and management strategies related to psych cardiology.Methods: We selected articles and reviews on exosomes in CVDs from the core collection of Web of Science, and generated visual charts by using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software.Results: Our research included 1613 publications. The number of exosome articles in CVD fluctuates slightly, but overall shows an increasing trend. The main research institutions were Tongji University and Nanjing Medical University. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences has the highest publication volume, while the Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine has the highest citation count. Among all the authors, Eduardo Marban ranks first in terms of publication volume and H-index. The most common keywords are exosome, extracellular vesicles, and angiogenesis.Conclusion: This is a bibliometric study on the research hotspots and trends of exosomes in CVD. Exosome research in the field of cardiovascular medicine is on the rise. Some exosome treatment methods may become the focus of future research.Keywords: exosomes, cardiovascular diseases, bibliometric, citespace, VOSviewer

Yibin Lin,1,2 Lehua Liu,1 Siyang Lu,1 Linqi Fan,1 Huaqi Hu,1 Xuanyin Wang,1 Jichao Zhu,3 Xinhua Qiang,4 Jie He,5 Hongchang Zhou,1,2,6 Shengwen Shao,1,6 Gaoming Zheng7 1School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory for Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 31300, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China; 4Clinical Laboratory, First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China; 5Infectious Diseases Department, First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China; 6Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China; 7Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Gaoming Zheng; Shengwen Shao, Email zheng151031@sina.com; shaoshw@zjhu.edu.cnBackground: Bacillus cereus is a common bacterium found in the environment. Some strains can cause food poisoning, and very few can cause clinically severe infections, leading to death. Here, we characterized the genome sequence of B. cereus LIN78 isolated from teeth with deep caries and compared it with those of 25 other related species.Methods: Third-generation sequencing technology, bacteriological analyses, biochemistry, and mass spectrometry were applied to characterize the drug-resistance genes and virulence factors of B. cereus LIN78.Results: The complete genome sequence of B. cereus Lin78 consists of 5647 genes distributed on a circular chromosome, a 393 kbp plasmid, and 928 pseudogenes (37.4% of whole-genome DNA). The LIN78 genome contains 14 sets of 16s, 23s, and 5s ribosomal RNA operons; 106 tRNA genes, one tmRNA, 12 genomic islands, six prophases, 64 repeats; 37 antibiotic-resistant genes; and 1119 putative virulence genes, including enterotoxins and cytolysins. The B. cereus LIN78 genome carries multiple copies of non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase (NRPS) and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Phylogenetic analysis of the 26 B. cereus strains showed that B. cereus LIN78 is evolutionarily closely related to B. thuringiensis ATCC 10792 and B. cereus ATCC 14579.Conclusion: The newly isolated B. cereus carries many virulence genes, including enterotoxins and hemolysins, similar to B. anthracis, and multiple antibiotic resistance genes. These findings suggest that the strain has a potential risk of causing disease. Our studies are vital for further exploration of the evolution of B. cereus, its pathogenic mechanisms, and the control and treatment of bacterial infections.Keywords: bacillus cereus, whole-genome DNA sequencing, virulence factor, drug resistance gene, human teeth

Xiaoling Zhang,1,2 Jing Tao,1,2 Song Gong,1,2 Xuefeng Yu,1,2 Shiying Shao1,2 1Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shiying Shao, Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Jiefang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13627144576, Fax +86-27-83662883, Email shaoshiyingtj@163.comBackground: Diabetic lower extremity ulcer, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and leg ulcer, is one of the refractory complications of diabetes, the treatment of which is challenging, expensive, and lengthy. Recombinant Human Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor (rhGM-CSF) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that has been mainly applied in the treatment of hematological diseases. Clinical evidence regarding GM-CSF in the treatment of diabetic lower extremity ulcers is limited. This study is the first case series that investigates the repurpose effects of rhGM-CSF on diabetic ulcer healing in real clinical practice.Methods: Nine patients diagnosed with diabetes and refractory lower extremity ulcer (ulcer duration ≥ 2 weeks) were included from September 2021 to February 2023 in the Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Patients with Wagner grade ≥ 4 and SINDAD ≥ 5 were excluded. The included subjects were treated with rhGM-CSF plus standard of care (SOC) including glycemic control, foot care education, debridement of necrotic tissues, topical wound dressings, offloading, and infection control when necessary. The observation endpoint was complete epithelialization. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and therapeutic effects were extracted and analyzed.Results: The case series included 9 cases aged from 29 to 80 years and all the patients were male. Seven of 9 patients presented neuropathic ulcer. Only one case showed non-infected ulcer from tissue samples and one case presented ankle brachial index (ABI) < 0.9. It was observed that the ulcer areas among these 9 patients gradually declined throughout the whole treatment period with the average healing velocity 0.32 ± 013 cm2/day and the mean time to complete healing 16.0 ± 3.7 days. The relative area (percentage of initial ulcer area) decreased to 66.7 ± 13.0% on average after the first treatment. Ulcers in all the 9 patients achieved complete epithelialization after 4– 8 times treatments.Conclusion: The case series suggests rhGM-CSF as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic ulceration. More robust data from randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate its clinical efficacy.Keywords: recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, diabetic lower extremity ulcer, diabetic foot ulcer

Cairong Ruan,1– 4 Yuchen Li,1– 4 Zijing Ran,2– 4 Guodong Liu,2– 4 Weihao Li,2– 4 Xinyu Zhang,2– 4 Shanshan Shao,2– 4 Yuan Li1– 4 1Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 3Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shanshan Shao, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-531-68776375, Fax +86-531-87068707, Email shaoshanshan11@126.com Yuan Li, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-531-68776375, Fax +86-531-87068707, Email liyuan@sdfmu.edu.cnBackground: The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) ratio has been linked to metabolic disorders. However, there is limited research on the predisposition to MHR and prediabetes. Hence, we conducted a study to investigate the relationship between MHR and the prevalence of prediabetes.Methods: In total, 85,293 participants were included in our cross-sectional observational study. Multivariable regression analysis, subgroup analyses, and interaction testing were used to determine the relationship between MHR and prediabetes. To explore the non-linear association of MHR with prediabetes risk, generalized additive model (GAM) and smoothing splines were applied. The threshold effect analysis of MHR on the risk of prediabetes was further employed to identify the turning point.Results: After controlling for covariates, the results indicated that a positive correlation persisted between MHR and prediabetes (odds ratio (OR) =1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48– 1.82), and subgroup analyses found a more robust correlation between MHR and prediabetes in individuals with lower age, SBP, DBP, TG, TC and higher values of BMI and LDL-C than in their counterparts. Additionally, the correlation between MHR and the risk of prediabetes was found to be non-linear, with a turning point of − 0.4 (Log-Likelihood Ratio, P< 0.001). The impact of variables on the two sides of the turning point were 1.94 (1.72, 2.19) and 0.88 (0.69, 1.14).Conclusion: The positive correlation between MHR and the risk of prediabetes in Chinese participants was observed to be non-linear, and MHR ≤ − 0.4 was strongly positively correlated with prediabetes risk. Keywords: prediabetes, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, non-linear relationship, inflammation

Huili Tang, Xueqing Wu, Jiamei Feng, Qingqian Gao, Shijun Shao, Wenchao Qu, Lu Xie, Jiaye Sun Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xueqing Wu, Department of Breast, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Pu ‘an Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86-13817792022, Fax + 86-200021, Email snow_zi@hotmail.comPurpose: To determine the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of adolescent non-puerperal mastitis patients.Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 cases of NPM in adolescents who underwent surgical treatment at Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2021 to August 2023. We analyze the patient’s general information, clinical characteristics, related medical history, laboratory indicators, breast magnetic resonance imaging examination, postoperative pathology, prognosis, etc.Results: The clinical manifestations of NPM in adolescents mainly included redness, swelling and pain in the breasts, congenital nipple retraction, and extensive lesion range. Inflammatory markers and prolactin were elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging showed circular enhancement with abscess formation as the main type. All patients underwent surgical treatment with a fast recovery time after surgery. No recurrence was observed during follow-up and the postoperative breast appearance was satisfactory. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that congenital nipple retraction, elevated prolactin levels and trauma were independent risk factors for adolescents non-puerperal mastitis.Conclusion: Adolescent non-puerperal mastitis is a rare and unique type. Summarizing its main risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis provides a basis for further research.Keywords: adolescents, non-puerperal mastitis, risk factors, clinical characteristics, prognosis

Pingping Yao,1 Yuying Jia,1 Xuewei Kan,1 Jiaqi Chen,1 Jinliang Xu,1 Huichao Xu,1 Shuyang Shao,1 Bing Ni,2 Jun Tang1 1Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bing Ni; Jun Tang, Email nibing@tmmu.edu.cn; tangjun0212@ustc.edu.cnBackground: Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin disease. Identifying novel and potential biomarkers is valuable in the treatment and diagnosis of psoriasis. The goal of this study was to identify novel key biomarkers of psoriasis and analyze the potential underlying mechanisms.Methods: Psoriasis-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to screen differential genes in the datasets. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Candidate biomarkers for psoriasis were identified from the GSE30999 and GSE6710 datasets using four machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest (RF), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and were validated using the GSE41662 dataset. Next, we used CIBERSORT and single-cell RNA analysis to explore the relationship between ADAM23 and immune cells. Finally, we validated the expression of the identified biomarkers expressions in human and mouse experiments.Results: A total of 709 overlapping DEGs were identified, including 426 upregulated and 283 downregulated genes. Enhanced by enrichment analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were spatially arranged in relation to immune cell involvement, immune-activating processes, and inflammatory signals. Based on the enrichment analysis, the DEGs were mapped to immune cell involvement, immune-activating processes, and inflammatory signals. Four machine learning strategies and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis showed that ADAM23, a disintegrin and metalloprotease, may be a unique, critical biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy for psoriasis. Based on CIBERSORT analysis, ADAM23 was found to be associated with a variety of immune cells, such as macrophages and mast cells, and it was upregulated in the macrophages of psoriatic lesions in patients and mice.Conclusion: ADAM23 may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of psoriasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis by regulating immunological activity in psoriatic lesions.Keywords: psoriasis, machine learning, differential gene analysis, CIBERSORT, ADAM23

Shuai Shao,1,&ast; Zhijin Zhang,1,&ast; Lin Feng,2 Lirong Liang,2 Zhaohui Tong1 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhaohui Tong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Email tongzhaohuicy@sina.comPurpose: To discover potential inflammatory biomarkers, which can compare favorably with traditional biomarkers, and their best cut-offs at first admission to predict clinical outcomes (short-term and long-term) and the risk of readmission among acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients.Patients and Methods: Novel inflammatory biomarkers (such as the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet–lymphocyte ratio [PLR], etc.) were compared with traditional biomarkers by Pearson’s correlation test. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to judge the accuracy of these novel biomarkers to predict in-hospital mortality.Results: Surviving AECOPD patients had lower NLR, PLR, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios than non-survival patients (all P < 0.001). According to Pearson’s correlation test, there was a linear correlation between novel and traditional biomarkers (all P < 0.05). In terms of a single biomarker, the AUC value of NLR was the largest, which was not inferior to C-reactive protein (Z-P = 0.064), and superior to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Z-P = 0.002) and other novel single inflammatory biomarkers (all Z-P < 0.05). The mortality of patients with NLR ≥ 4.43 was 2.308-fold higher than that of patients with NLR < 4.43. After dividing patients into a higher or lower NLR group, pooled results showed that patients with NLR ≥ 4.43 had a higher rate of treatment failure, intensive care unit admission, longer hospital length of stay, one-year mortality after the index hospitalization, and overall mortality than patients with NLR < 4.43 (all P < 0.001). Patients with NLR ≥ 4.43 were associated with higher and earlier first readmission due to AECOPD than patients with lower NLR.Conclusion: NLR was the best to forecast the clinical prognosis and readmission risk among AECOPD patients, which was not inferior to CRP, and the best cut-off value of NLR was 4.43.Keywords: acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, mortality, inflammatory biomarkers, readmission rate, treatment failure rate

Haoqiang Liu,1,&ast; Zeyidan Jiapaer,1,&ast; Fanxing Meng,1 Wanfeng Wu,1 Chengyi Hou,2 Mengjiao Duan,1 Yanan Qin,1 Shuxuan Shao,1 Minwei Zhang1 1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuxuan Shao; Minwei Zhang, Email Shaoshux@126.com; zhangmw@xju.edu.cnBackground: Natural bioactive substances have been widely studied for their superior anti-tumor activity and low toxicity. However, natural bioactive substances suffer from poor water-solubility and poor stability in the physiological environment. Therefore, to overcome the drawbacks of natural bioactive substances in tumor therapy, there is an urgent need for an ideal nanocarrier to achieve high bioactive substance loading with low toxicity.Materials and Methods: Face-centered cubic hollow mesoporous Prussian Blue (HMPB) NPs were prepared by stepwise hydrothermal method. Among them, PVP served as a protective agent and HCl served as an etching agent. Firstly, MPB NPs were obtained by 0.01 M HCl etching. Then, the highly uniform dispersed HMPB NPs were obtained by further etching with 1 M HCl.Results: In this work, we report a pH-responsive therapeutic nanoplatform based on HMPB NPs. Surprisingly, as-prepared HMPB NPs with ultra-high bioactive substances loading capacity of 329 μg mg− 1 owing to the large surface area (131.67 m2 g− 1) and wide internal pore size distribution (1.8– 96.2 nm). Moreover, with the outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of HMPB NPs (30.13%), natural bioactive substances were released in the tumor microenvironment (TME). HMPB@PC B2 achieved excellent synergistic therapeutic effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy (CT) in vivo and in vitro without causing any extraneous side effects.Conclusion: A biocompatible HMPB@PC B2 nanoplatform was constructed by simple physical adsorption. The in vitro and in vivo experiment results demonstrated that the synergy of PTT/CT provided excellent therapeutic efficiency for cervical cancer without toxicity. Altogether, as-designed nanomedicines based on natural bioactive substances may be provide a promising strategy for cancer therapy.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: HMPB NPs, natural bioactive substances, synergistic therapy, negligible side effect

Su’e Shao,1 Meifang Huang,2 Heng Zhang,1 Gangqiang Peng,1 Min Song,1 Jing Liu,1 Dan Xu1 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Meifang Huang, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430061, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13307110223, Email 1657791068@qq.com Heng Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, No. 26 Shengli Street, Jiang’an District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18627886610, Email 653262549@qq.comPurpose: To retrospectively collect and analyze demographic information as well as symptoms, laboratory results, endoscopic and pathologic findings, and treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in Wuhan, China.Methods: Patients who were diagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hospitalized from January 2012 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics including symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Totally 821 cases were screened, and finally 430 UC patients and 286 CD patients were selected and enrolled in this study. The most common symptom in UC patients was bloody stool (90.7%) followed by diarrhea (87.7%), mucus in stool (72.1%), and abdominal pain (66.3%), which were significantly different from those of CD patients (P < 0.01). In contrast, the most common symptom in CD patients was abdominal pain (80.0%) followed by diarrhea (58.4%), bloody stool (27.6%), and fever (18.2%). Erythrocyte sedimentation, C-reactive protein, and platelets were significantly increased, while hemoglobin was decreased, in the moderately or highly active IBD. The percentage of positive perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was significantly higher in UC patients (31.1%) than that in CD patients (4.8%, P < 0.001), while the percentage of positive anti-intestinal goblet cell antibody was significantly higher in CD patients (23.1%) than that in UC patients (14.9%, P = 0.037).Conclusion: The findings of the current study may provide evidence-based information for Chinese gastroenterologists to treat IBD more effectively in the future.Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis

ZhaoHui Xu,1,2,&ast; Hui Qu,1,2,&ast; YanYing Ren,1 ZeZhong Gong,1,2 Hyok Ju Ri,1,2 Fan Zhang,1,&ast; Shuai Shao,1 XiaoLiang Chen,1 Xin Chen1 1Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Chen, Tel +86 17709872266, Email chenxincjz@gmail.comBackground: The E2 factor (E2F) family of transcription factors is dysregulated in numerous cancer types and may play a vital role in the development of various malignancies. However, to our knowledge, the specific function of each of the E2Fs and their relation to the disease prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain unknown.Materials and Methods: We used different publicly available databases and tools, such as ONCOMINE, GEPIA2, UALCAN, cBioPortal, Kaplan–Meier plotter, Metascape, and TIMER analysis, to do an in silico exploration of the potential roles of E2Fs in CRC.Results: In our analyses, we found a downregulation of E2F2 expression and an upregulation of E2F1 and E2F3-8 expression in CRC tissues compared to normal controls. These findings were consistent with our subgroup analysis using the different clinicopathological features of CRC patients. Furthermore, overexpression of E2F3 and E2F4 were significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in colon cancer patients. Meanwhile, low levels of E2F2 resulted in a shorter OS in rectal cancer patients. The E2F family members had varying degrees of genetic alterations with the highest alteration rate observed in E2F1 (23%). Interestingly, a moderate positive express correlation had been found in the following E2F family members: E2F1 with E2F4, E2F2 with E2F7, E2F2 with E2F8, and E2F7 with E2F8. In addition, spearman analysis revealed that E2Fs have a strong positive correlation with the critical oncogenes in CRC patients. Lastly, the expression of E2Fs was significantly associated with the infiltration of six immune cells.Conclusion: In this study, we found that E2F2, E2F3, and E2F4 have the potential to be novel prognostic biomarkers in CRC. The role of these E2F family members in disease pathology may be related to their functions in cell cycle regulation, therapeutic resistance, immune cell infiltration, and epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition. Further studies are required to validate our results; however, our findings may help provide a foundation for broadening our understanding of CRC pathology.Keywords: colorectal cancer, E2F, biomarkers, prognosis, bioinformatics

Lanju Wang,1,2,&ast; Mengli Wu,2,&ast; Jingjing Ma,2,&ast; Ziwei Ma,2 Jiahui Liang,2 Ningya Tao,2,3 Yangguang Ren,4 Shujun Shao,1 Xin Qi,1 Zhizeng Wang2 1Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People’s Republic of China; 2Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China; 3Pingyu Health School, Zhumadian, Henan, 463400, People’s Republic of China; 4Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Qi, Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15038239612, Email zlyyqixin4215@zzu.edu.cn Zhizeng Wang, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15093628687, Email wzhzeng@126.comPurpose: A rapid, convenient, cost-effective in-home test method for identifying heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in plasma and blood by a lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was developed.Methods: SeNPs were synthesized by using L-ascorbic acid to reduce seleninic acid at room temperature and conjugated with an anti-H-FABP monoclonal antibody. The limit of detection, specificity, and stability were measured, and clinical samples were analyzed.Results: The SeNPs were spherical with a diameter of 39.48 ± 3.72 nm and were conjugated successfully with an anti-H-FABP antibody, resulting in a total diameter of 46.52 ± 2.95 nm. The kit was designed for the determination of H-FABP in plasma specimens and whole blood specimens. The limit of detection was 1 ng/mL in plasma and blood, and the results could be determined within 10 min. No cross-reaction occurred with cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB or myoglobin. The kits were stored at 40 °C for up to 30 days without significant loss of activity. The sensitivity was determined to be 100%, the specificity 96.67%, and the overall coincidence rate 97.83%.Conclusion: This SeNP assay kit can conveniently, rapidly, and sensitively detect H-FABP in plasma or blood with a readout of a simple color change visible to the naked eye with no special device, and can be used as an auxiliary means for the early screening of AMI.Clinical Trial Registration: Plasma and blood samples were used under approval from the Experimental Animal Ethics committee of the Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University. The clinical trial registration number was HUSOM-2019-047.Keywords: heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, selenium nanoparticle, lateral-flow immunoassay, point-of-care test, blood

Honglin Li,1,&ast; Chunzheng Ma,1,&ast; Sisi Chang,2 Yutan Xi,2 Shuai Shao,2 Mengli Chen,2 Juan Ren,2 Mingyue Sun,1 Liang Dong1 1Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Oncology Department, Henan Provincial University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Honglin Li, Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People’s Republic of China, Email 46991701@qq.com Chunzheng Ma, Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People’s Republic of China, Email mchzh666@126.comObjective: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient form of personalized medicine and may improve morbidity and mortality in patients with esophageal cancer. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the utility of TCM in the treatment of stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods: We collected the medical records of patients with stage IV SCC admitted to Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Linzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2017 and June 2020. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to determine if the use of TCM improved patient prognosis. Moreover, cluster analysis was used to classify the patients according to TCM syndrome type and identify the most frequently used combinations of remedies.Results: After that 402 patients were included in PSM, of which 196 (48.8%) were treated with traditional Chinese medicine. TCM prolonged the survival time of patients with stage IV esophageal SCC (P=0.084), and was an independently associated with prognosis as demonstrated by Cox multivariate regression analysis [risk ratio (RR) =0.543, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.390– 0.755, P< 0.001]. Association analysis revealed 75 cases (38.26%) had obstruction of phlegm and qi syndrome, 53 cases (27.04%) had phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, 38 cases (19.39%) had yang-qi deficiency syndrome, and 30 cases (15.31%) had heat retention and fluid consumption syndrome.Conclusion: Treatment with TCM derived therapies may increase the survival time of patients with stage IV esophageal SCC. Since these patients were diagnosed with different TCM syndromes, individualized TCM therapy is essential for improving symptoms and survival.Keywords: esophageal cancer, survival time, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type, syndrome differentiation, syndrome treatment

ZhaoHui Xu,1,2 Hui Qu,1,2 YanYing Ren,1 ZeZhong Gong,1,2 Hyok Ju Ri,1– 3 Fan Zhang,1 XiaoLiang Chen,1 WanJi Zhu,1 Shuai Shao,1 Xin Chen1 1Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China; 2Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Hospital of Pyongyang Medical College, Pyongyang, 999093, People’s Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Xin Chen Tel +86 17709872266Email chenxincjz@gmail.comBackground: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ravaging the world. To date, there are no standard therapies available to cure the disease. Consequently, research on COVID-19 vaccines is booming. This report aimed to assess the research trends of the global COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: The relevant publications on the COVID-19 vaccines were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC) database from December 2019 to 11 August 2021. The VOSviewer1.6.16 was used to assess the co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation of countries, institutions, authors, journals, and hotspot keywords. The HistCiteTM (http://www.histcite.com/) software was used to calculate the total local citation score (TLCS) and total global citation score (TGCS) of each variable and generate the citation historiography graph of COVID-19 vaccine development using the citation time series analysis method.Results: A total of 5070 studies authored by 21,151 researchers and published by 1364 different journals were eventually included in this study. The bulk of the retrieved studies were original articles (n = 2401, 47.36%). Among these studies, 1204 (23.75%) were published in 2020. A total of 3863 (76.19%) were published in 2021 and 4295 (84.71%) were open access. The highest number of studies was conducted in the USA, followed by England, China, and Germany. The main partners of the USA were China, England, and Canada. The University of Maryland (TLCS: 1618, TGCS: 2991) and Prof. Ugur Sahin from the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (TLCS: 1397, TGCS: 2407) were the most cited institution and author, respectively. The vaccines featured the highest number of papers, with 294 publications (TLCS: 0, TGCS: 1226). The most cited journal was the New England Journal of Medicine (TLCS: 3310, TGCS: 5914), with an impact factor (IF) of 91.245. The related topics included the following six aspects: attitudes towards vaccination, immunoinformatics analysis, clinical research, effectiveness and side effects, and the public management of vaccines. The timing diagram revealed that the research hotspots focused on the side effects of vaccines and public attitude towards vaccination.Conclusion: This novel comprehensive bibliometric analysis can help researchers and non-researchers to rapidly identify the potential partners, landmark studies, and research topics within their domains of interest. Through this study, we hope to provide more data to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.Keywords: bibliometric analysis, COVID-19, vaccines

Minwei Zhang,1,2,&ast; Shuxuan Shao,1,2,&ast; Haitao Yue,1,2 Xin Wang,3 Wenrui Zhang,1,2 Fei Chen,1,2 Li Zheng,1,2 Jun Xing,1,2 Yanan Qin1,2 1College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China; 2Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi, 830046, People’s Republic of China; 3The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yanan Qin Email qingyalan12345@sina.comAbstract: In recent years, Au-based nanomaterials are widely used in nanomedicine and biosensors due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, these applications require Au NPs to have excellent stability in different environments, such as extreme pH, high temperature, high concentration ions, and various biomatrix. To meet the requirement of multiple applications, many synthetic substances and natural products are used to prepare highly stable Au NPs. Because of this, we aim at offering an update comprehensive summary of preparation high stability Au NPs. In addition, we discuss its application in nanomedicine. The contents of this review are based on a balanced combination of our studies and selected research studies done by worldwide academic groups. First, we address some critical methods for preparing highly stable Au NPs using polymers, including heterocyclic substances, polyethylene glycols, amines, and thiol, then pay attention to natural product progress Au NPs. Then, we sum up the stability of various Au NPs in different stored times, ions solution, pH, temperature, and biomatrix. Finally, the application of Au NPs in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), clinical diagnosis, nanozyme, and radiotherapy (RT), was addressed concentratedly.Keywords: high stability Au NPs, polymer, natural product, resistance, nanomedicine

Hongzhi Li,1 Honggang Wang,2 Shanshan Shao,1 Yawen Gu,1 Juan Yao,1 Junxing Huang1 1Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Junxing HuangDepartment of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, No. 210 Yingchun Road, Taizhou City, 225300 Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail dr_huangjunxing@hotmail.comBackground: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery of total mesorectal excision (TME) is currently accepted as the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to investigate the potential prognostic factors, including the albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) for LARC patients.Methods: We retrospectively recruited LARC patients (cT3-4 and/or cN1-2) who underwent nCRT followed by TME between January 2011 and January 2015. The cut-off value of pretreatment AFR for overall survival (OS) was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The potential predictive factors for prognosis in the LARC patients were assessed by the univariate and multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard regression and Kaplan–Meier curve analyses.Results: AFR was a significant predictor for OS with a cut-off value of 8.65 and an AUC of 0.882 (P< 0.001). The pretreatment AFR level was the only independent risk factor for pathologic response to nCRT (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.43– 4.17, P=0.003), 5-year OS (HR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.51– 6.77, P=0.005) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.34– 5.47, P=0.007) in LARC patients. A low pretreatment AFR level was significantly associated with a poor 5-year OS and DFS by the Log rank test (P=0.003 and 0.006, respectively).Conclusion: Pretreatment AFR level was an independent prognostic factor in LARC patients undergoing TME after nCRT.Keywords: locally advanced rectal cancer, total mesorectal excision, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, prognosis, albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio

Shike Shao, Yongjun Fan, Chongpei Zhong, Xianlong Zhu, Jiaqiu Zhu Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiaqiu Zhu Email neurosurgeon0215@163.comObjective: To assess the expression levels of COTL1 in human GBM tissues and evaluate the potential involvement of COTL1 in cancer progression.Methods: Bioinformation analysis was performed to evaluate COTL1 mRNA levels in GBM tissues and normal tissues, according to the TCGA database, and explore the effects on prognosis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were performed to evaluate COTL1 expression in human GBM tissues and the clinical pathological analysis was performed. Colony formation and MTT assays were performed to evaluate the effects of COTL1 on GBM cell proliferation. Immunoblot assays were performed to detect the expression level of COTL1, Ki67, and PCNA. A xenograft model was developed in mice to assess the effects of COTL1 on tumor growth in vivo.Results: We found COTL1 had an obvious high expression in human GBM tissues. The expression of COTL1 was related to recurrence (P=0.006**) and prognosis of patients with GBM. Our data further demonstrated COTL1 promoted cell proliferation in vitro and contributed to tumor growth of GBM cells in mice.Conclusion: We therefore identified a novel and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM.Keywords: coactosin-like protein, COTL1, glioblastoma), GBM, proliferation, recurrence, prognosis

Minghe Lv, Shali Shao, Qi Zhang, Xibing Zhuang, Tiankui Qiao Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tiankui QiaoCenter for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail qiaotiankui@fudan.edu.cnObjective: Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a triterpenoid, which is the main component of boswellic acid from Boswellia Serrata, a medicinal plant that has shown immense potential in anti-cancer therapy. This study aims to explore the roles and molecular mechanisms of AKBA on cell behavior in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Materials and Methods: The effects of AKBA on the cell viability in A549, H460, H1299, and BEAS-2B cells were determined by the CCK-8 assay. The colony formation assay was used to identify the effects of AKBA on cell proliferation. Potential roles of AKBA in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy in A549 were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF).Results: AKBA reduced cell viability in A549, H460, H1299, and BEAS-2B. In A549 cells, AKBA suppressed the clone formation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, induced cellular apoptosis. We found that AKBA suppressed the formation of autolysosome, and decreased the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3A/B-I, and LC3A/B-II proteins. Furthermore, AKBA also inhibited the expression levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins.Conclusion: AKBA exerts the anti-cancer effects via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression in NSCLC cells. This body of evidence supports the potential of AKBA as a promising drug in the treatment of NSCLC.Keywords: Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, non-small cell lung cancer

Wenlong Zhong,1–3,* Lei Zhang,1–3,* Jiajian Ma,4 Shan Shao,5 Rongcheng Lin,1–3 Xuesong Li,1–3 Gengyan Xiong,1–3 Dong Fang,1–3 Liqun Zhou1–3 1Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 2Institute of Urology, Peking University, 3National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, 4Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 5Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: To investigate the effect of aristolochic acids (AA) exposure, including exposure duration and years since last exposure, on oncologic outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).Methods: We retrospectively collected clinicopathologic and AA exposure variables for 942 UTUC patients treated with RNU between 1999 and 2014 in a high-volume center of China. AA exposure duration was categorized as (>3 vs ≤3 years) and time since last AA exposure to surgery as (>5 vs ≤5 years).Results: A total of 856 patients (90.9%) had none or possible AA exposure and 86 patients (9.1%) had credible AA exposure history. Among the 86 patients, 57 (66.3%) had AA exposure for ≤3 years and 29 (33.7%) had exposure for >3 years. The median follow-up duration was 60 months. By multivariate analysis, AA exposure history was significantly associated with cancer specific survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.43, p=0.02), intravesical recurrence (IVR) (HR: 2.25, p3 years vs none/possible AA, HR: 3.07, p5 years ago regarding cancer specific mortality (p=0.67) and IVR (p=0.54).Conclusion: AA exposure was associated with worse cancer-specific survival, higher rate of IVR and contralateral UTUC recurrence of UTUC treated with RNU. The association between AA exposure and IVR seems to be time-dependent. Exposure cessation >5 years prior to RNU cannot mitigate the impact of AA on the UTUC prognosis. Keywords: aristolochic acid, urothelial carcinoma, upper urinary tract, radical nephroureterectomy, survival, prognosis

Shuai Shao,1,2 Yechu Hua,3 Ying Yang,4 Xiaojuan Liu,5 Jingruo Fan,6 An Zhang,7 Jingling Xiang,8 Mingjing Li,9 Lijing L Yan1,2 1Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; 2Duke Global Health Institute, 3School of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; 4Department of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 5Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; 6Department of Accounting, School of Business and Management, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong; 7Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 8School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 9Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China Objective: This study aimed to reveal the latest evidence on salt reduction initiatives in China in order to identify the contextual cost-effective interventions, as well as the barriers encountered during China’s long march to reach its population salt reduction goal.Background: Population-based salt reduction has been considered as one of the most cost-effective strategies in the world for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. China, along with its sustained economic growth, faces increasing burdens from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and kidney diseases. With policy support and cross-sector collaboration, various salt reduction initiatives have been adopted in China in order to reduce such dietary risk, especially since the beginning of this millennium. Methods: This study conducted structured literature reviews in both English and Chinese databases and synthesized the latest evidence on the association of salt intake and health, as well as salt intake among Chinese and population-based salt reduction strategies in China and around the world. Findings: Dietary salt restriction has been found to contribute to the reduction of blood pressure among both the normotensives and hypertensives bringing associated reduced disease burdens and great public health benefits. With gender, ethnic, and regional variations, salt intake levels in the population in China are well above the recommended threshold and physiological need. Admittedly, excessive salt intake precipitates the high prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease among the Chinese. Considering that the majority of the dietary salt is added during cooking in China, salt substitutes, salt restriction tools, and health education are the most common salt reduction initiatives with varying levels of effectiveness and acceptability among the Chinese population. Implication: Overwhelming evidence is in support of a well-coordinated nationwide salt restriction initiative as a key public health strategy for the prevention and control of hypertension and its related diseases. Orchestrated efforts from the government, industries, academia, health professionals, and the general public are required to achieve China’s long-term goal for salt reduction. Keywords: chronic disease, hypertension, salt reduction, health policy, Chinese population

Shan Liu,1,2 Wei Huang,1,2 Ming-Ji Jin,1,2 Qi-Ming Wang,1,2 Gan-Lin Zhang,3 Xiao-Min Wang,3 Shuai Shao,1,2 Zhong-Gao Gao1,2 1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: To our knowledge, the mechanism underlying the high transfection efficiency of ­alkylated low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine (PEI) is not yet well understood. In this work, we grafted branched PEI (molecular weight of 1,800 Da; bPEI1800) with lauryl chains (C12), and found that bPEI1800-C12 was structurally similar to gemini surfactant and could similarly assemble into micelle-like particles. Stability, cellular uptake, and lysosome escape ability of bPEI1800-C12/DNA polyplexes were all greatly enhanced after C12 grafting. bPEI1800-C12/DNA polyplexes exhibited significantly higher transfection efficiency than Lipofectamine™ 2000 in the presence of serum. Bioluminescence imaging showed that systemic injection of bPEI1800-C12/DNA polyplexes resulted in intensive luciferase expression in vivo and bioluminescence signals that could be detected even in the head. Altogether, the high transfection efficacy of bPEI1800-C12 was because bPEI1800-C12, being an analog of gemini surfactant, facilitated lysosome escape and induced the coil–globule transition of DNA to assemble into a highly organized micelle-like structure that showed high stability. Keywords: self-organization, alkylation, luciferase, bioluminescence imaging

C32H39CuF2N3O7, triclinic, P1̅̅̅ (No. 2), a = 7.331(3) Å, b = 8.983(3) Å, c = 26.34(1) Å, α = 95.570(6)°, β = 95.797(6)°, γ = 110.811(5)°, V = 1596.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.040, wRref(F2) = 0.103, T = 298 K.

C36H48Cu2F4N10O13, monoclinic, C1c1 (No. 9), a = 14.870(8) Å, b = 20.78(1) Å, c = 14.660(7) Å, β = 101.308(9)°, V = 4441.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.053, wRref(F2) = 0.147, T = 298 K.

Kagome superconductors with TC up to 7 K have been discovered for over 40 y. Recently, unconventional chiral charge order has been reported in kagome superconductor KV3Sb5, with an ordering temperature of one order of magnitude higher than the TC. However, the chirality of the charge order has not been reported in the cousin kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, and the electronic nature of the chirality remains elusive. In this paper, we report the observation of electronic chiral charge order in CsV3Sb5 via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We observe a 2 × 2 charge modulation and a 1 × 4 superlattice in both topographic data and tunneling spectroscopy. 2 × 2 charge modulation is highly anticipated as a charge order by fundamental kagome lattice models at van Hove filling, and is shown to exhibit intrinsic chirality. We find that the 1 × 4 superlattices form various small domain walls, and can be a surface effect as supported by our first-principles calculations. Crucially, we find that the amplitude of the energy gap opened by the charge order exhibits real-space modulations, and features 2 × 2 wave vectors with chirality, highlighting the electronic nature of the chiral charge order. STM study at 0.4 K reveals a superconducting energy gap with a gap size 2Δ=0.85meV, which estimates a moderate superconductivity coupling strength with 2Δ/kBTC=3.9. When further applying a c-axis magnetic field, vortex core bound states are observed within this gap, indicative of clean-limit superconductivity.

C16H20AgAsF6N12, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.004(1) Å, b = 8.696(2) Å, c = 11.006(2) Å, α = 68.95(3)°, β = 76.49(3)°, γ = 81.90(3)°, V = 607.1 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.044, wRref(F2) = 0.111, T = 293 K.

C30H46CoN8O8, monoclinic, P121/c1 (No. 14), a = 12.779(3) Å, b = 10.938(2) Å, c = 12.218(2) Å, β = 97.56(3)°, V = 1693.0 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.085, wRref(F2) = 0.201, T = 293 K.

C26H42N8NiO8, monoclinic, C12/c1 (No. 15), a = 22.784(5) Å, b = 10.886(2) Å, c = 12.208(2) Å, β = 95.50(3)°, V = 3014.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.074, wRref(F2) = 0.156, T = 293 K.

C58H48Cl2Co3N12O12, triclinic, P1̅̅̅̅ (No. 2), a = 11.640(3) Å, b = 11.693(3) Å, c = 12.218(3) Å, α = 78.968(5)°, β = 89.827(5)°, γ = 60.605(4)°, V = 1414.0 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.062, wRref(F2) = 0.136, T = 293 K.

C12H44N10NiO16, triclinic, P1̅̅̅ (No. 2), a = 9.06(1) Å, b = 9.32(1) Å, c = 9.67(1) Å, α = 87.64(2)°, β = 75.59(2)°, γ = 61.11(1)°, V = 689.7 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.056, wRref(F2) = 0.147, T = 298 K.

C18H24AgN5O9, monoclinic, P121/n1 (No. 14), a = 6.2181(3) Å, b = 26.975(2) Å, c = 13.1982(7) Å, β = 99.648(2)°, V = 2182.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.038, wRref(F2) = 0.082, T = 293 K.

This paper presents a study of the effect of a time-delay feedback controller on the dynamics of a Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitor actuated by DC and AC voltages. It is shown that negative time-delay feedback control gain can lead to an unstable system, even if AC voltage is relatively small compared to DC voltage. Perturbation method is utilized to present analytically the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the MEMS capacitor. Agreements among the results of a shooting technique, long-time integration, basin of attraction analysis with the perturbation method are achieved.

In this study, we explore the use of unsteady transit time distribution (TTD) theory to model solute transport in biofilters, a popular form of nature-based or “green” storm water infrastructure (GSI). TTD theory has the potential to address many unresolved challenges associated with predicting pollutant fate and transport through these systems, including unsteadiness in the water balance (time-varying inflows, outflows, and storage), unsteadiness in pollutant loading, time-dependent reactions, and scale-up to GSI networks and urban catchments. From a solution to the unsteady age conservation equation under uniform sampling, we derive an explicit expression for solute breakthrough during and after one or more storm events. The solution is calibrated and validated with breakthrough data from 17 simulated storms at a field-scale biofilter test facility in Southern California, using bromide as a conservative tracer. TTD theory closely reproduces bromide breakthrough concentrations, provided that lateral exchange with the surrounding soil is accounted for. At any given time, according to theory, more than half of the water in storage is from the most recent storm, while the rest is a mixture of penultimate and earlier storms. Thus, key management endpoints, such as the pollutant treatment credit attributable to GSI, are likely to depend on the evolving age distribution of water stored and released by these systems.