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1. Decentralized and Centralized IDD Schemes for Cell-Free Networks

Author

Ssettumba, T., Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

In this paper, we propose iterative interference cancellation schemes with access points selection (APs-Sel) for cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems. Closed-form expressions for centralized and decentralized linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) receive filters with APs-Sel are derived assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI). Furthermore, we develop a list-based detector based on LMMSE receive filters that exploits interference cancellation and the constellation points. A message-passing-based iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme that employs low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is then developed. Moreover, log-likelihood ratio (LLR) refinement strategies based on censoring and a linear combination of local LLRs are proposed to improve the network performance. We compare the cases with centralized and decentralized processing in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance, complexity, and signaling under perfect CSI (PCSI) and imperfect CSI (ICSI) and verify the superiority of the distributed architecture with LLR refinements., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

2. Prior Cognitive Task Analysis of Test Item Difficulty

Author

Shao, Z. F. and Yu, L.

Subjects
Psychology: Applied Cognitive Psychology, Applied Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

The pass rate of a test item often serves as an index of its difficulty. This posterior index, though easy to obtain and definite, is susceptible to students' learning level. It cannot play a leading role in designing test items. The present research tried to design a prior-to-test index of test item difficulty. According to the principles of cognitive task analysis, a frame and a procedure to be strictly executed were mapped out for the prior assessment of higher mathematics test items. Taking into account the characteristics of math problems, we designed such indexes as number of elements in a problem, element identification difficulty, number of principles used in answering, principle identification difficulty and cognitive load. The results show that prior difficulty is most significantly correlated with the pass rates of math test items. High correlation also exists among sub-indexes in assessment and among evaluators, indicating sufficient validity and reliability of the prior assessment method developed by the present reseach.

Published
2008

3. Perceptual learning of dot pattern

Author

Shao, Z. F. and He, M. X.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

Dot pattern is a type of pattern defined by specific spatial relationship among some dots. As a compensation for concrete and meaningful visual stimuli, meaningless dot pattern can be used as stimuli in learning tasks. We performed an experiment for exploring the perceptual learning process of dot pattern against random-dot background. Participants were required to learn two types of dot patterns (9-dot and 11-dot). They were assigned to two groups: participants in Group 1 learned 9-dot pattern first and 11-dot pattern later, while those in Group 2 learned 11-dot pattern first and 9-dot pattern later. The results showed that participants could acquire the spatial relationship of dot pattern through perceptual learning in relatively short learning time. In comparison with 9-dot pattern, learning time of 11-dot pattern was slightly longer and its accuracy rate lower, but there was significant positive transfer effect from 11-dot pattern learning to 9-dot learning.

Published
2007

4. Iterative Detection and Decoding Schemes with LLR Refinements in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks

Author

Ssettumba, T., Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R. C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

In this paper, we propose low-complexity local detectors and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) refinement techniques for a coded cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (CF- mMIMO) systems, where an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) scheme is applied using parallel interference cancellation (PIC) and access point (AP) selection. In particular, we propose three LLR processing schemes based on the individual processing of the LLRs of each AP, LLR censoring, and a linear combination of LLRs by assuming statistical independence. We derive new closed-form expressions for the local soft minimum mean square error (MMSE)-PIC detector and receive matched filter (RMF). We also examine the system performance as the number of iterations increases. Simulations assess the performance of the proposed techniques against existing approaches., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures

Published
2024

5. A Bipolar Model of Concept Multi-Representation (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

This paper reviewed various views of concept formation, and advocates that the famous five approaches to conceptual structure—classical, prototype, exemplar, schemata/scripts, and knowledge-based—construct different representation systems. They form obviously a bipolar continuum of logicality and of flexibility. Compared with the views based on similarity, the views based on explanation only use a new kind of similarity. This paper classifies conceptual representation into four categories—the representation based on rules, on cues, on exemplars, and on schemata — and describe their bipolar structure.

Published
2006

6. An Experimental Research on Search Order Based on Contour (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F. and Wang, X. J.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

Contour is an important cue for pattern recognition. Further feature search may have something to do with contour, which is produced by parallel processing. In this research, 3 experiments were undertaken to explore the effects of contour on searching sequence. Experiment 1 aims at confirming the key role of contour in visual search. It’s results show that there exists mental representation of potential targets in visual search. Experiment 2 aims to verify the hypothesis that the new features produced by two figures’ overlapping will accelerate visual search. The results show that although the figures’ overlapping may produce new features, these byproducts may not make search faster. An alternative hypothesis was introduced that contour has effects on searching sequence. On the basis of contour, the search of distinct features follows this order: in the outer band of contour----along contour----in the inner band of contour. Experiment 3 tests this hypothesis further.

Published
2006

7. An Experimental Research on the pCI Rule and Causal Judgment (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F. and Wang, J.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

This research examined the precision of the pCI rule through three experiments. The results show that first , the tendency of the subjects’ casual judgments was basically similar to the pCI rule. But (a + d) / n predicted human’s casual judgments were even better; second, the increase of subjects’ casual judgments was milder than the pCI rule, and the subjects needed time to construct their own way of judging relationship; finally, different people had different ways of causal judgments, and could be grouped into some categories.

Published
2005

8. Re-examination of artificial grammar paradigm (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F. and Lu, Z.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

This paper reviewed many researches on implicit learning with the finite-state grammar. This grammar is a inclusive concept, a concept without any irrelevant attributes, a concept with limited variance. In the previous researches, it was treated only as a tool to generate strings. It’s biases during string generation was ignored. These biases include: The strings were ill-proportioned according to path, what the learning strings expressed was not what the testing strings tested, and the learning strings in each path couldn’t express the rules of this path. So the string set of previous researches didn’t express the grammars designed by experimenters completely, accurately and exclusively. Subjects who didn’t learn grammar sufficiently, and what he learned may not be the grammar which experimenter initialized. Therefore, the evidence of implicit learning and its characteristics was not sufficient and strong.

Published
2004

9. An Experimental Research on Causal Illusion (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F. and Zhao, J.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

The research examined humans’ causal attribution of response-outcome under controllable and uncontrollable conditions respectively and attempted to find out whether providing appropriate external cues could be beneficial to them in making accurate judgments. The results indicate: 1) under controllable conditions, the delay of feedback might lead to causal illusion; 2) under uncontrollable conditions, the subjects developed superstition and illusion of control rather than helplessness; 3) providing appropriate external cues helped the subjects eliminate their former established causal illusion.

Published
2004

10. The Norm of the Learning-Disability Checklist for Elementary and Middle School Children (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F., Chen, G. P., and Shan, Y.

Subjects
Psychology: Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychology
Abstract

The Learning-Disabilities Checklist for Elementary and Middle School Children was administered to 1067 subjects in Shanghai. The data analyses brought us the following: 1) The mean and standard deviation of each variable of raw data; 2) There were significant age differences and sex differences for each variable; 3) The reliability and validity of this test was up to the criteria of psychometrology; 4) A Shanghai norm was made.

Published
2000

11. Influence of task difficulty on Judgment Efficiency Under the Condition of Implicit Learning (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

In this research, a system of various levels of task difficulty was set up by a complex rule. Three characteristics of implicit learning were detected with this system: 1) Implicit learning didn't work under the condition of the most difficult task. 2) When the task became easier, implicit learning started working on some level of task difficulty. 3) The efficiency of implicit learning would become higher if the task became easier; but there was a limit to the efficiency of implicit learning. A conclusion could be made indirectly that implicit learning acquired some kind of exemplar information.

Published
1998

12. Research on Problem Difficulty (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F., Liu, Y. F., and Zhong, Y. P.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

This paper examines some sources of problem difficulty with the tool of a new type of artificial problems. The sources are: 1) the number of known variables: it has no effects on problem difficulty. 2) the number of unknown variables: problem difficulty will increase when it increases. 3) whether prompting the names are not prompted. 4) the arrangement of variables; problem difficulty will increase if variables are arranged in disorder. 5) the number of operations (processes) to choose; problem difficulty will increase when it increases. 6) the similarity of the operations to choose: problem difficulty will increase when operations are similar. 7) the style of presentation of the former problems; it can change the likelihood that the attributes of problems enter man’s sphere of consciousness; problem difficulty will increase when the attributes of the former problems are unlikely to enter man’s sphere of consciousness.

Published
1996

13. Two Fundamental Factors Affecting Concept Difficulty (in Chinese)

Author

Shao, Z. F. and Yang, Z. L.

Subjects
Psychology: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Psychology
Abstract

On the basis of the improved materials, many factors affecting the concept difficulty were generalized as the following two fundamental factors: attribute saliency (AS) and attribute frequency (AF). The more salient the relevant attribute, or the more frequent it appears in the positive examples, the easier the concept, and vice versa. When the AS or AF of an irrelevant attribute is greater, it will disturb the correct concept formation. In addition, a somewhat strange result was noticed that at least when there are only 2-3 relevant attributes, the number of relevant attributes does not affect the concept difficulty.

Published
1992

14. Spontaneous supercrystal formation during a strain-engineered metal-insulator transition

Author

Gorobtsov, O. Yu., Miao, L., Shao, Z., Tan, Y., Schnitzer, N. I., Goodge, B. H., Ruf, J., Weinstock, D., Cherukara, M., Holt, M. V., Nair, H., Chen, L. -Q., Kourkoutis, L. F., Schlom, D. G., Shen, K. M., and Singer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Mott metal-insulator transitions possess electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom promising next generation energy-efficient electronics. We report a previously unknown, hierarchically ordered state during a Mott transition and demonstrate correlated switching of functional electronic properties. We elucidate in-situ formation of an intrinsic supercrystal in a Ca2RuO4 thin film. Machine learning-assisted X-ray nanodiffraction together with electron microscopy reveal multi-scale periodic domain formation at and below the film transition temperature (TFilm ~ 200-250 K) and a separate anisotropic spatial structure at and above TFilm. Local resistivity measurements imply an intrinsic coupling of the supercrystal orientation to the material's anisotropic conductivity. Our findings add an additional degree of complexity to the physical understanding of Mott transitions, opening opportunities for designing materials with tunable electronic properties.

Published
2023

15. Effect of Chloroquine on Type 2 Inflammatory Response in MC903-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mice [Corrigendum]

Author

Wei M, Yang H, Shao Z, Wan H, Wang Y, and Chen W

Subjects
atopic dermatitis, chloroquine, toll-like receptor 3, nlrp3 inflammasome, type 2 inflammation, mc903, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

The authors have advised there are errors in the Y-axis of Figures 1, 2 and 4 on pages 1097, 1099 and 1101, respectively. The Y-axis label “Body weight (kg)” in figure parts 1B, 2C and 4c should read “Body weight (g)”. The Y-axis label “Th2 cell counts (×103)” in figure parts 1G, 2H and 4H should read “Proportion of Th2 cells (%)”. The correct figures are as follows. Figure 1 Continued. Figure 1 CQ relieved MC903-induced type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. (A) The severity of ear skin lesions; (B) dermatitis severity score; (C) left ear thickness; (D) H&E staining; (E) TB staining; (F) ELISA measurements of serum TSLP, IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IgE levels; (G) flow cytometry to determine the content of peripheral blood Th2 cells (CD3+CD4+CD193+). N = 6. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation, one-way ANOVA was for data comparisons in panels A/D-G, with Tukey’s test serving for post hoc testing. ns represented P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Two-way ANOVA was adopted in panels B-C, and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was implemented for post hoc test. *Represented comparisons with the Control group, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, #Represented comparisons with the AD group, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01. Figure 2 Continued. Figure 2 CQ abated type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice by inactivating TLR3. (A) Western blot detection of TLR3 protein expression; (B) the severity of ear skin lesions; (C) dermatitis severity score; (D) left ear thickness; (E) H&E staining; (F) TB staining; (G) ELISA detections of serum TSLP, IL-4, IL-13, IFN-γ, and IgE levels; (H) flow cytometry to assess the content of Th2 cells (CD3+CD4+CD193+). N = 6. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation. Data in panel A were tested by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc testing using Tukey’s test. Two-way ANOVA was used for panels (C and D), and Šídák’s multiple comparisons test was used for post hoc test. Data in panels B/E-H were examined by independent sample t-test. ns represented P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Figure 4 Continued. Figure 4 Activation of NLRP3 partially averted the alleviating effect of CQ on type 2 inflammatory response in AD mice. (A) Western blot to test the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 proteins; (B) the severity of ear skin lesions; (C) dermatitis severity score; (D) left ear thickness; (E) H&E staining; (F) TB staining; (G) ELISA detection of serum TSLP, IL-4, IL-13, IgE, IL-1β and IL-18 levels; (H) flow cytometry to assess the content of Th2 cells (CD3+CD4+CD193+). N = 6. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation, and independent sample t-test was employed for comparisons in panels A-B/E-H. Two-way ANOVA was used in panels C-D, and Šídák’s multiple comparisons test was conducted for post hoc test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. These corrections do not significantly impact the overall findings and conclusions of the paper. We would like to assure readers that the corrected values and labels do not alter the interpretations or validity of the research. The authors sincerely apologize for any confusion these errors may have caused.

Published
2024

17. Roman domination in graphs with minimum degree at least two and some forbidden cycles

Author

Sheikholeslami, S. M., Chellali, M., Khoeilar, R., Karami, H., and Shao, Z.

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C69
Abstract

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of order $n$ and let $\gamma _{R}(G)$ and $\partial (G)$ denote the Roman domination number and the differential of $G,$ respectively. In this paper we prove that for any integer $k\geq 0$, if $G$ is a graph of order $n\geq 6k+9$, minimum degree $\delta \geq 2,$ which does not contain any induced $\{C_{5},C_{8},\ldots ,C_{3k+2}\}$% -cycles, then $\gamma _{R}(G)\leq \frac{(4k+8)n}{6k+11}$. This bound is an improvement of the bounds given in [E.W. Chambers, B. Kinnersley, N. Prince, and D.B. West, Extremal problems for Roman domination, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 23 (2009) 1575--1586] when $k=0,$ {and [S. Bermudo, On the differential and Roman domination number of a graph with minimum degree two, Discrete Appl. Math. 232 (2017), 64--72] when }$k=1.$ Moreover, using the Gallai-type result involving the Roman domination number and the differential of graphs established by Bermudo et al. stating that $\gamma _{R}(G)+\partial (G)=n$, we have $\partial (G)\geq \frac{(2k+3)n}{6k+11},$ thereby settling the conjecture of Bermudo posed in the second paper.

Published
2021

19. Dynamic Oversampling Tecniques for 1-Bit ADCs in Large-Scale MIMO Systems

Author

Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

In this work, we investigate dynamic oversampling techniques for large-scale multiple-antenna systems equipped with low-cost and low-power 1-bit analog-to-digital converters at the base stations. To compensate for the performance loss caused by the coarse quantization, oversampling is applied at the receiver. Unlike existing works that use uniform oversampling, which samples the signal at a constant rate, a novel dynamic oversampling scheme is proposed. The basic idea is to perform time-varying nonuniform oversampling, which selects samples with nonuniform patterns that vary over time. We consider two system design criteria: a design that maximizes the achievable sum rate and another design that minimizes the mean square error of detected symbols. Dynamic oversampling is carried out using a dimension reduction matrix $\mathbf{\Delta}$, which can be computed by the generalized eigenvalue decomposition or by novel submatrix-level feature selection algorithms. Moreover, the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of convergence, computational complexity and power consumption at the receiver. Simulations show that systems with the proposed dynamic oversampling outperform those with uniform oversampling in terms of computational cost, achievable sum rate and symbol error rate performance., Comment: 11 figures, 12 pages

Published
2021

20. Study of Channel Estimation Algorithms for Large-Scale Multiple-Antenna Systems using 1-Bit ADCs and Oversampling

Author

Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R. C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Large-scale multiple-antenna systems with large bandwidth are fundamental for future wireless communications, where the base station employs a large antenna array. In this scenario, one problem faced is the large energy consumption as the number of receive antennas scales up. Recently, low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have attracted much attention. Specifically, 1-bit ADCs are suitable for such systems due to their low cost and low energy consumption. This paper considers uplink large-scale multiple-antenna systems with 1-bit ADCs on each receive antenna. We investigate the benefits of using oversampling for channel estimation in terms of the mean square error and symbol error rate performance. In particular, low-resolution aware channel estimators are developed based on the Bussgang decomposition for 1-bit oversampled systems and analytical bounds on the mean square error are also investigated. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed channel estimation algorithms and the derived theoretical bounds., Comment: 11 figures, 14 pages

Published
2020

21. Understanding breast cancer complexity to improve patient outcomes: The St Gallen International Consensus Conference for the Primary Therapy of Individuals with Early Breast Cancer 2023

Author

Aebi, S., Al-Foheidi, M., André, F., Anikusko, M., Badwe, R., Barrio, A.V., Barrios, C., Bergh, J., Bonnefoi, H., Bretel Morales, D., Brucker, S., Burstein, H.J., Caldas, C., Cameron, D., Cardoso, F., Cardoso, M.J., Carey, L., Chia, S., Coles, C., Cortes, J., Curigliano, G., de Boniface, J., Delaloge, S., DeMichele, A., Denkert, C., Fastner, G., Fitzal, F., Francis, P., Gamal, H., Gentilini, O., Gnant, M., Gradishar, W., Gulluoglu, B., Harbeck, N., Heil, J., Huang, C.-S.H., Huober, J., Jiang, Z., Kaidar-Person, O., Kok, M., Lee, E.-S., Loi, S., Loibl, S., Martin, M., Meattini, I., Morrow, M., Partridge, A., Penault-Llorca, F., Piccart, M., Pierce, L., Poortmans, P., Regan, M., Reis-Filho, J., Rubio, I., Rugo, H., Rutgers, E., Saura, C., Senkus, E., Shao, Z., Singer, C., Spanic, T., Thuerlimann, B., Toi, M., Tolaney, S., Turner, N., Tutt, A., Vrancken Peeters, M.-J., Watanabe, T., Weber, W., Wildiers, H., Xu, B., Regan, M.M., Weber, W.P., and Thürlimann, B.

Published
2023
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22. Investigation of Channel Estimation Techniques with 1-bit Quantization and Oversampling for Multiple-Antenna Systems

Author

Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R. C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Large-scale multiple-antenna systems have been identified as a promising technology for the next generation of wireless systems. However, by scaling up the number of receive antennas the energy consumption will also increase. One possible solution is to use low-resolution analog-to-digital converters at the receiver. This paper considers large-scale multiple-antenna uplink systems with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters on each receive antenna. Since oversampling can partially compensate for the information loss caused by the coarse quantization, the received signals are firstly oversampled by a factor M. We then propose a low-resolution aware linear minimum mean-squared error channel estimator for 1-bit oversampled systems. Moreover, we characterize analytically the performance of the proposed channel estimator by deriving an upper bound on the Bayesian Cram\'er-Rao bound. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed channel estimator., Comment: 6

Published
2019

23. Study of Channel Estimation with Oversampling for 1-bit Large-Scale MIMO Systems

Author

Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this paper, we propose an oversampling based low-resolution aware least squares channel estimator for large-scale multiple-antenna systems with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters on each receive antenna. To mitigate the information loss caused by the coarse quantization, oversampling is applied at the receiver, where the sampling rate is faster than the Nyquist rate. We also characterize analytical performances, in terms of the deterministic Cram\'er-Rao bounds, on estimating the channel parameters. Based on the correlation of the filtered noise, both the Fisher information for white noise and a lower bound of Fisher information for colored noise are provided. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the mean square error performances of the proposed channel estimator and the corresponding Cram\'er-Rao bound as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2019

28. Probing the 9.7\mu m Interstellar Silicate Extinction Profile through the Spitzer/IRS Spectroscopy of OB Stars

Author

Shao, Z. Z., Jiang, B. W., Li, Aigen, Gao, Jian, Lv, Z. P., and Yao, J. W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The 9.7$\mu$m interstellar spectral feature, arising from the Si--O stretch of amorphous silicate dust, is the strongest extinction feature in the infrared (IR). In principle, the spectral profile of this feature could allow one to diagnose the mineralogical composition of interstellar silicate material. However, observationally, the 9.7$\mu$m interstellar silicate extinction profile is not well determined. Here we utilize the Spitzer/IRS spectra of five early-type (one O- and four B-type) stars and compare them with that of unreddened stars of the same spectral type to probe the interstellar extinction of silicate dust around 9.7$\mu$m. We find that, while the silicate extinction profiles all peak at ~9.7$\mu$m, two stars exhibit a narrow feature of FWHM ~2.0$\mu$m and three stars display a broad feature of FWHM ~3.0$\mu$m. We also find that the width of the 9.7$\mu$m extinction feature does not show any environmental dependence. With a FWHM of ~2.2$\mu$m, the mean 9.7\mu m extinction profile, obtained by averaging over our five stars, closely resembles that of the prototypical diffuse interstellar medium along the lines of sight toward Cyg OB2 No.12 and WR 98a. Finally, an analytical formula is presented to parameterize the interstellar extinction in the IR at $0.9\mu {\rm m} < \lambda < 15\mu {\rm m}$., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2018
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29. A focus on L dwarfs with trigonometric parallaxes

Author

Wang, Y., Smart, R. L., Shao, Z., Jones, H. R. A, Marocco, F., Luo, A., Burgasser, A., Zhong, J., and Du, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report new parallax measurements for ten L and early T type dwarfs, five of which have no previous published values, using observations over 3 years at the robotic Liverpool Telescope. The resulting parallaxes and proper motions have median errors of 2\,mas and 1.5\,mas/year respectively. Their space motions indicate they are all Galactic disk members. We combined this sample with other objects with astrometry from the Liverpool Telescope and with published literature astrometry to construct a sample of 260 L and early T type dwarfs with measured parallaxes, designated the Astrometry Sample. We study the kinematics of the Astrometry Sample, and derived a solar motion of $(U,V,W)_{\bigodot} = (7.9\pm1.7,13.2\pm1.2,7.2\pm1.0)$\,\kms~ with respect to the local standard of rest, in agreement with recent literature. We derive a kinematic age of 1.5-1.7\,Gyr for the Astrometry Sample assuming the age increases monotonically with the total velocity for a given disk sample. This kinematic age is less than half literature values for other low mass dwarf samples. We believe this difference arises for two reasons (1) the sample is mainly composed of mid to late L dwarfs which are expected to be relatively young and (2) the requirement that objects have a measured parallax biases the sample to the brighter examples which tend to be younger., Comment: 11 pages, 14 eps figures

Published
2018
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30. Study of SIC and RLS Channel Estimation for Large-Scale Antenna Systems with 1-Bit ADCs

Author

Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We propose a novel low-resolution-aware recursive least squares channel estimation algorithm for uplink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output systems. In order to reduce the energy consumption, 1-bit ADCs are used on each receive antenna. The loss of performance can be recovered by the large-scale antenna arrays at the receiver. The proposed adaptive channel estimator can mitigate the distortions due to the coarse quantization. Moreover, we propose a low-resolution-aware minimum mean square error based successive interference canceler to successively mitigate the multiuser interference. Simulation results show good performance of the system in terms of mean square error and bit error rate., Comment: 4 pages

Published
2018

32. Study of Iterative Detection and Decoding for Large-Scale MIMO Systems with 1-Bit ADCs

Author

Shao, Z., Landau, L., and de Lamare, R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We present a novel iterative detection and decoding scheme for the uplink of large-scale multiuser multiple-antenna systems. In order to reduce the receiver's energy consumption and computational complexity, 1-bit analog-to-digital converters are used in the front-end. The performance loss due to the 1-bit quantization can be mitigated by using large-scale antenna arrays. We propose a linear low-resolution-aware minimum mean square error detector for soft multiuser interference mitigation. Moreover, short block length low-density parity-check codes are considered for avoiding high latency. In the channel decoder, a quasi-uniform quantizer with scaling factors is devised to lower the error floor of LDPC codes. Simulations show good performance of the system in terms of bit error rate as compared to prior work., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures

Published
2017

35. On the Optical-to-Silicate Extinction Ratio as a Probe of the Dust Size in Active Galactic Nuclei

Author

Shao, Z. Z., Jiang, B. W., and Li, Aigen

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Dust plays a central role in the unification theory of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Whether the dust that forms the torus around an AGN is tenth-$\mu$m-sized like interstellar grains or much larger has a profound impact on correcting for the obscuration of the dust torus to recover the intrinsic spectrum and luminosity of the AGN. Here we show that the ratio of the optical extinction in the visual band ($A_V$) to the optical depth of the 9.7 $\mu$m silicate absorption feature ($\Delta\tau_{9.7}$) could potentially be an effective probe of the dust size. The anomalously lower ratio of $A_V/\Delta\tau_{9.7} \approx 5.5$ of AGNs compared to that of the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium of $A_V/\Delta\tau_{9.7} \approx 18$ reveals that the dust in AGN torus could be substantially larger than the interstellar grains of the Milky Way and of the Small Magellanic Cloud, and therefore, one might expect a flat extinction curve for AGNs., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2017
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38. Evaluation and Prediction Analysis of 3- and 5-Year Survival Rates of Patients with Cecal Adenocarcinoma Based on Period Analysis

Author

Shao Z, Zheng S, Chen C, and Lyu J

Subjects
cecal adenocarcinoma, seer, period analysis, survival rates, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Zi‘an Shao,1,2,&ast; Shuai Zheng,3,&ast; Chong Chen,3 Jun Lyu2 1The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jun LyuDepartment of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13379060167Email lyujun2020@jnu.edu.cnBackground: Cecal adenocarcinoma has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, thereby bringing serious disease burden to patients. The long-term survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma deserves us to explore more deeply. In addition, appropriate methods that evaluate the survival outcome of cecal adenocarcinoma are few.Methods: This study used the data provided by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate and predict the survival rates of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma from 2002 to 2016 and from 2017 to 2021, respectively. The cohort of population taken are all older than 20 years old, which is from National Cancer Institute. The period analysis was used to check the data in the SEER database. Reliable results could be obtained using period analysis, which provided important information for prevention and treatment strategies.Results: From 2002 to 2016, the relative survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma increased yearly. Compared with those in previous 15 years, the relative survival rate between 2017 and 2021 still increased but to a low extent. The relative survival rates of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma were remarkably different in terms of age, sex, race, differentiation grade, stages, and socioeconomic status. Even if there is a significant improvement, the survival rate of patients with distant-stage cancer is at a very low level.Conclusion: Understanding the survival rate of patients with cecal adenocarcinoma in the past 15 years is helpful in predicting the future trend and providing basic data and scientific basis to evaluate the harm of cecal adenocarcinoma to patients’ health, prepare cancer prevention plans, and evaluate the effect of cancer prevention and treatment by exploring the differences in survival rate corresponding to different ages, sexes, races, differentiation grades, stages, and socioeconomic status.Keywords: cecal adenocarcinoma, SEER, period analysis, survival rates

Published
2021

39. The β3/5 Integrin-MMP9 Axis Regulates Pulmonary Inflammatory Response and Endothelial Leakage in Acute Lung Injury

Author

Tong Y, Bao C, Xu YQ, Tao L, Zhou Y, Zhuang L, Meng Y, Zhang H, Xue J, Wang W, Zhang L, Pan Q, Shao Z, Hu T, Guo Q, Xue Q, Lu H, and Luo Y

Subjects
acute lung injury, endothelial cells, integrin, mmp-9, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Yao Tong,&ast; Chengrong Bao,&ast; Yi-Qiong Xu,&ast; Lei Tao,&ast; Yao Zhou, Lei Zhuang, Ying Meng, Hui Zhang, Jingjing Xue, Weijun Wang, Lele Zhang, Qingbo Pan, Zhenzhen Shao, Tianran Hu, Qian Guo, Qingsheng Xue, Han Lu, Yan Luo Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yan Luo; Han Lu Email ly11087@rjh.com.cn; luhan0301@163.comBackground: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe respiratory disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Many mediators regarding endogenous or exogenous are involved in the pathophysiology of ALI. Here, we have uncovered the involvement of integrins and matrix metalloproteinases, as critical determinants of excessive inflammation and endothelial permeability, in the regulation of ALI.Methods: Inflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA levels and ELISA for secretion levels. Endothelial permeability assay was detected by the passage of rhodamine B isothiocyanate-dextran. Mice lung permeability was assayed by Evans blue albumin (EBA). Western blot was used for protein level measurements. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using a cell-permeable probe, DCFH-DA. Intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice was conducted to establish the lung injury model.Results: Exogenous MMP-9 significantly aggravated the inflammatory response and permeability in mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) treated by LPS, whereas knockdown of MMP-9 exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Knockdown of integrin β 3 or β 5 in LPS-treated PMVECs significantly downregulated MMP-9 expression and decreased inflammatory response and permeability in the presence or absence of exogenous MMP-9. Additionally, the interaction of MMP-9 and integrin β 5 was impaired by a ROS scavenger, which further decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines production and endothelial leakage in PMVECs subjected to co-treatment (LPS with exogenous MMP-9). In vivo studies, exogenous MMP-9 treatment or knockdown β 3 integrin significantly decreased survival in ALI mice. Notably, knockdown of β 5 integrin alone had no remarkable effect on survival, but which combined with anti-MMP-9 treatment significantly improved the survival by ameliorating excessive lung inflammation and permeability in ALI mice.Conclusion: These findings support the β 3/5 integrin-MMP-9 axis as an endogenous signal that could play a pivotal role in regulating inflammatory response and alveolar-capillary permeability in ALI.Keywords: acute lung injury, endothelial cells, integrin, MMP-9

Published
2021

40. Supplement: The Rate of Binary Black Hole Mergers Inferred from Advanced LIGO Observations Surrounding GW150914

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calder'on, Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavagli`a, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. Cerboni, Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., De, S., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Del'eglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R. T., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., D'iaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Fournier, J. -D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, F., Gatto, A., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., Gonz'alez, G., Castro, J. M. Gonzalez, Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Hofman, D., Hollitt, S. E., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y. M., Huang, S., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idrisy, A., Indik, N., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Islas, G., Isogai, T., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jang, H., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jim'enez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., K, Haris, Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., K'ef'elian, F., Kehl, M. S., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, Nam-Gyu, Kim, Namjun, Kim, Y. -M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Kr'olak, A., Krueger, C., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Lackey, B. D., Landry, M., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lasky, P. D., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, K., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B. M., Li, T. G. F., Libson, A., Littenberg, T. B., Lockerbie, N. A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., L"uck, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., na-Sandoval, F. Maga, Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., M'arka, S., M'arka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Mezzani, F., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mirshekari, S., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, B. C., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D. J., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nedkova, K., Nelemans, G., Neri, M., Neunzert, A., Newton, G., Nguyen, T. T., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., Ochsner, E., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Paris, H. R., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patricelli, B., Patrick, Z., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Porter, E., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Predoi, V., Premachandra, S. S., Prestegard, T., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., P"urrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rakhmanov, M., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rew, H., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, R., Romanov, G., Romie, J. H., Rosi'nska, D., Rowan, S., R"udiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sandeen, B., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Schilling, R., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Sch"onbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serna, G., Setyawati, Y., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shah, S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stevenson, S., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepa'nczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., T'apai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., T"oyr"a, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifir`o, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Vallisneri, M., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vas'uth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Vicer'e, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Wessels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., zny, A. Zadro., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., and Zweizig, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Supplemental information for a Letter reporting the rate of binary black hole (BBH) coalescences inferred from 16 days of coincident Advanced LIGO observations surrounding the transient gravitational wave signal GW150914. In that work we reported various rate estimates whose 90\% credible intervals fell in the range $2$--$600 \, \mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Here we give details of our method and computations, including information about our search pipelines, a derivation of our likelihood function for the analysis, a description of the astrophysical search trigger distribution expected from merging BBHs, details on our computational methods, a description of the effects and our model for calibration uncertainty, and an analytic method of estimating our detector sensitivity that is calibrated to our measurements., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, as accepted by ApJS (see also associated Letter)

Published
2016
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41. Search for transient gravitational waves in coincidence with short duration radio transients during 2007-2013

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, others, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. Cerboni, Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr, M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R. T., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fournier, J. -D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, F., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Castro, J. M. Gonzalez, Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Hofman, D., Hollitt, S. E., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y. M., Huang, S., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idrisy, A., Indik, N., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Islas, G., Isogai, T., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jang, H., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., K, Haris, Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kéfélian, F., Kehl, M. S., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, Nam-Gyu, Kim, Namjun, Kim, Y. -M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Królak, A., Krueger, C., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Lackey, B. D., Landry, M., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lasky, P. D., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, K., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B. M., Li, T. G. F., Libson, A., Littenberg, T. B., Lockerbie, N. A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Mezzani, F., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mirshekari, S., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, B. C., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, K. N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D. J., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nedkova, K., Nelemans, G., Neri, M., Neunzert, A., Newton, G., Nguyen, T. T., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E. N., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., Ochsner, E., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ott, C. D., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Paris, H. R., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patricelli, B., Patrick, Z., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Pereira, R., Perreca, A., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Pletsch, H. J., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Predoi, V., Premachandra, S. S., Prestegard, T., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rakhmanov, M., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rew, H., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, J. D., Romano, R., Romanov, G., Romie, J. H., Rosińska, D., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sandeen, B., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O. E. S., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Schilling, R., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serna, G., Setyawati, Y., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stiles, D., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tápai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifirò, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D. V., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Wessels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., zny, A. Zadro., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., Zweizig, J., Archibald, A. M., Banaszak, S., Berndsen, A., Boyles, J., Cardoso, R. F., Chawla, P., Cherry, A., Dartez, L. P., Day, D., Epstein, C. R., Ford, A. J., Flanigan, J., Garcia, A., Hessels, J. W. T., Hinojosa, J., Jenet, F. A., Karako-Argaman, C., Kaspi, V. M., Keane, E. F., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Leake, S., Lorimer, D., Lunsford, G., Lynch, R. S., Martinez, J. G., Mata, A., McLaughlin, M. A., McPhee, C. A., Penucci, T., Ransom, S., Roberts, M. S. E., Rohr, M. D. W., Stairs, I. H., Stovall, K., van Leeuwen, J., Walker, A. N., and Wells, B. L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present an archival search for transient gravitational-wave bursts in coincidence with 27 single pulse triggers from Green Bank Telescope pulsar surveys, using the LIGO, Virgo and GEO interferometer network. We also discuss a check for gravitational-wave signals in coincidence with Parkes Fast Radio Bursts using similar methods. Data analyzed in these searches were collected between 2007 and 2013. Possible sources of emission of both short-duration radio signals and transient gravitational-wave emission include starquakes on neutron stars, binary coalescence of neutron stars, and cosmic string cusps. While no evidence for gravitational-wave emission in coincidence with these radio transients was found, the current analysis serves as a prototype for similar future searches using more sensitive second-generation interferometers.

Published
2016
Full Text
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42. A First Targeted Search for Gravitational-Wave Bursts from Core-Collapse Supernovae in Data of First-Generation Laser Interferometer Detectors

Author

Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calder'on, Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavagli`a, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. Cerboni, Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corpuz, A., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Del'eglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R. T., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., D'iaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. 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Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present results from a search for gravitational-wave bursts coincident with a set of two core-collapse supernovae observed between 2007 and 2011. We employ data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), the Virgo gravitational-wave observatory, and the GEO 600 gravitational-wave observatory. The targeted core-collapse supernovae were selected on the basis of (1) proximity (within approximately 15 Mpc), (2) tightness of observational constraints on the time of core collapse that defines the gravitational-wave search window, and (3) coincident operation of at least two interferometers at the time of core collapse. We find no plausible gravitational-wave candidates. We present the probability of detecting signals from both astrophysically well-motivated and more speculative gravitational-wave emission mechanisms as a function of distance from Earth, and discuss the implications for the detection of gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae by the upgraded Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors.

Published
2016
Full Text
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43. Supplement: Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

Author

Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R. T., De Rosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

This Supplement provides supporting material for arXiv:1602.08492 . We briefly summarize past electromagnetic (EM) follow-up efforts as well as the organization and policy of the current EM follow-up program. We compare the four probability sky maps produced for the gravitational-wave transient GW150914, and provide additional details of the EM follow-up observations that were performed in the different bands., Comment: For the main Letter, see arXiv:1602.08492

Published
2016
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44. The Sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO Detectors at the Beginning of Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Author

Martynov, D. V., Hall, E. D., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Anderson, R. A., Anderson, S. B., Arai, K., Arain, M. A., Aston, S. M., Austin, L., Ballmer, S. W., Barbet, M., Barker, D., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Batch, J. C., Bell, A. S., Belopolski, I., Bergman, J., Betzwieser, J., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Biscans, S., Biwer, C., Black, E., Blair, C. D., Bogan, C., Bond, C., Bork, R., Bridges, D. O., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Carbone, L., Celerier, C., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Cook, D., Countryman, S. T., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Damjanic, M., Dannenberg, R., Danzmann, K., Costa, C. F. Da Silva, Daw, E. J., DeBra, D., DeRosa, R. T., DeSalvo, R., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Driggers, J. C., Dwyer, S. E., Effler, A., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Factourovich, M., Fair, H., Feldbaum, D., Fisher, R. P., Foley, S., Frede, M., Freise, A., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Galdi, V., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gleason, J. R., Goetz, R., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greenhalgh, R. J. S., Grote, H., Guido, C. J., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hammond, G., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harry, G. M., Haughian, K., Heefner, J., Heintze, M. C., Heptonstall, A. W., Hoak, D., Hough, J., Ivanov, A., Izumi, K., Jacobson, M., James, E., Jones, R., Kandhasamy, S., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Kells, W., Kijbunchoo, N., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kokeyama, K., Korth, W. Z., Kuehn, G., Kwee, P., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Roux, A. Le, Levine, B. M., Lewis, J. B., Lhuillier, V., Lockerbie, N. A., Lormand, M., Lubinski, M. J., Lundgren, A. P., MacDonald, T., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Mageswaran, M., Mailand, K., M'arka, S., M'arka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Massinger, T. J., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., Merilh, E. L., Meyer, M. S., Meyers, P. M., Miller, J., Mittleman, R., Moreno, G., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murray, P. G., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., O'Dell, J., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Palamos, J. R., Paris, H. R., Parker, W., Patrick, Z., Pele, A., Penn, S., Phelps, M., Pickenpack, M., Piero, V., Pinto, I., Poeld, J., Principe, M., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Raab, F. J., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Ramet, C. R., Reed, C. M., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Robertson, N. A., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romie, J. H., Rowan, S., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sannibale, V., Savage, R. L., Schofield, R. M. S., Schultz, B., Schwinberg, P., Sellers, D., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Shoemaker, D. H., Sigg, D., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, M. R., Smith-Lefebvre, N. D., Sorazu, B., Staley, A., Stein, A. J., Stochino, A., Strain, K. A., Taylor, R., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tokmakov, K. V., Torrie, C. I., Traylor, G., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., van Veggel, A. A., Vargas, M., Vecchio, A., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Vo, T., Vorvick, C., Waldman, S. J., Walker, M., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wessels, P., Wilkinson, C., Willems, P. A., Williams, L., Willke, B., Wilmut, I., Winkelmann, L., Wipf, C. C., Worden, J., Wu, G., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yu, H., Zhang, L., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) consists of two widely separated 4 km laser interferometers designed to detect gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz. The first observation run of the Advanced LIGO detectors started in September 2015 and ended in January 2016. A strain sensitivity of better than $10^{-23}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ was achieved around 100 Hz. Understanding both the fundamental and the technical noise sources was critical for increasing the observable volume in the universe. The average distance at which coalescing binary black hole systems with individual masses of 30 $M_\odot$ could be detected was 1.3 Gpc. Similarly, the range for binary neutron star inspirals was about 75 Mpc. With respect to the initial detectors, the observable volume of Universe increased respectively by a factor 69 and 43. These improvements allowed Advanced LIGO to detect the gravitational wave signal from the binary black hole coalescence, known as GW150914.

Published
2016
Full Text
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45. Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914

Author

Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. C., Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. C., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R. T., De Rosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fournier, J. -D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S. G., Garufi, F., Gatto, A., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Castro, J. M. G., Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Hofman, D., Hollitt, S. E., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y. M., Huang, S., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idrisy, A., Indik, N., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isa, H. N., Isac, J. -M., Isi, M., Islas, G., Isogai, T., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jang, H., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kéfélian, F., Kehl, M. S., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, Y. -M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Królak, A., Krueger, C., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Lackey, B. D., Landry, M., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lasky, P. D., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, K., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B. M., Li, T. G. F., Libson, A., Littenberg, T. B., Lockerbie, N. A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

A gravitational-wave (GW) transient was identified in data recorded by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors on 2015 September 14. The event, initially designated G184098 and later given the name GW150914, is described in detail elsewhere. By prior arrangement, preliminary estimates of the time, significance, and sky location of the event were shared with 63 teams of observers covering radio, optical, near-infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths with ground- and space-based facilities. In this Letter we describe the low-latency analysis of the GW data and present the sky localization of the first observed compact binary merger. We summarize the follow-up observations reported by 25 teams via private Gamma-ray Coordinates Network circulars, giving an overview of the participating facilities, the GW sky localization coverage, the timeline and depth of the observations. As this event turned out to be a binary black hole merger, there is little expectation of a detectable electromagnetic (EM) signature. Nevertheless, this first broadband campaign to search for a counterpart of an Advanced LIGO source represents a milestone and highlights the broad capabilities of the transient astronomy community and the observing strategies that have been developed to pursue neutron star binary merger events. Detailed investigations of the EM data and results of the EM follow-up campaign are being disseminated in papers by the individual teams., Comment: For Supplement, see https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07864

Published
2016
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46. High-energy Neutrino follow-up search of Gravitational Wave Event GW150914 with ANTARES and IceCube

Author

Adrián-Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Avgitas, T., Baret, B., Barrios-Martí, J., Basa, S., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bormuth, R., Bouwhuis, M. C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Celli, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Costantini, H., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Deschamps, A., De Bonis, G., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsässer, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fehn, K., Felis, I., Fusco, L. A., Galatà, S., Gay, P., Geißelsöder, S., Geyer, K., Giordano, V., Gleixner, A., Glotin, H., Gracia-Ruiz, R., Graf, K., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C., Illuminati, G., James, C. W, de Jong, M., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kießling, D., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lachaud, C., Lahmann, R., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Loucatos, S., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mathieu, A., Melis, K., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Mueller, C., Nezri, E., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Racca, C., Riccobene, G., Roensch, K., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schüssler, F., Seitz, T., Sieger, C., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Sánchez-Losa, A., Taiuti, M., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Turpin, D., Vallage, C. T B., Vallée, C., Van Elewyck, V., Vivolo, D., Wagner, S., Wilms, J., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Aartsen, . M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Archinger, M., Arguelles, C., Arlen, T. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the high-energy-neutrino follow-up observations of the first gravitational wave transient GW150914 observed by the Advanced LIGO detectors on Sept. 14th, 2015. We search for coincident neutrino candidates within the data recorded by the IceCube and ANTARES neutrino detectors. A possible joint detection could be used in targeted electromagnetic follow-up observations, given the significantly better angular resolution of neutrino events compared to gravitational waves. We find no neutrino candidates in both temporal and spatial coincidence with the gravitational wave event. Within 500 s of the gravitational wave event, the number of neutrino candidates detected by IceCube and ANTARES were three and zero, respectively. This is consistent with the expected atmospheric background, and none of the neutrino candidates were directionally coincident with GW150914. We use this non-detection to constrain neutrino emission from the gravitational-wave event., Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures

Published
2016
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47. GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bohémier, K., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. Cerboni, Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clayton, J. H., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cokelaer, T., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., De, S., DeBra, D., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R. T., De Rosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Dietz, A., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dojcinoski, G., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. 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Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) simultaneously observed the binary black hole merger GW150914. We report the results of a matched-filter search using relativistic models of compact-object binaries that recovered GW150914 as the most significant event during the coincident observations between the two LIGO detectors from September 12 to October 20, 2015. GW150914 was observed with a matched filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1 {\sigma}., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures

Published
2016
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48. Calibration of the Advanced LIGO detectors for the discovery of the binary black-hole merger GW150914

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Altin, P. A., Amariutei, D. V., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arun, K. G., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Baker, P. T., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Behnke, B., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Biwer, C., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D., Blair, R. M., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bork, R., Bose, S., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Brau, J. E., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Buonanno, A., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Caride, S., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cepeda, C., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. S., Dave, I., Daveloza, H. P., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., DeBra, D., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dergachev, V., DeRosa, R., DeSalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Di Palma, I., Dojcinoski, G., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H. -B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Engels, W., Essick, R. C., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Everett, R., Factourovich, M., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Fang, Q., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Ferreira, E. C., Fisher, R. P., Fletcher, M., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A. G., Gair, J. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Gaur, G., Gehrels, N., George, J., Gergely, L., Ghosh, A., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gill, K., Glaefke, A., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gondan, L., González, G., Gopakumar, A., Gordon, N. A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Graef, C., Graff, P. B., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Green, A. C., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hacker, J. J., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Heintze, M. C., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Hollitt, S. E., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y. M., Huang, S., Huerta, E. A., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idrisy, A., Indik, N., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isa, H. N., Isi, M., Islas, G., Isogai, T., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jang, H., Jani, K., Jawahar, S., Jiménez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Ju, L., K, Haris, Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kehl, M. S., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, Y. -M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Krueger, C., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kuo, L., Lackey, B. D., Landry, M., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lasky, P. D., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, K., Lenon, A., Leong, J. R., Levin, Y., Levine, B. M., Li, T. G. F., Libson, A., Littenberg, T. B., Lockerbie, N. A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lord, J. E., Lormand, M., Lough, J. D., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magana-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meadors, G. D., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Miao, H., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Mukund, K. 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Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In Advanced LIGO, detection and astrophysical source parameter estimation of the binary black hole merger GW150914 requires a calibrated estimate of the gravitational-wave strain sensed by the detectors. Producing an estimate from each detector's differential arm length control loop readout signals requires applying time domain filters, which are designed from a frequency domain model of the detector's gravitational-wave response. The gravitational-wave response model is determined by the detector's opto-mechanical response and the properties of its feedback control system. The measurements used to validate the model and characterize its uncertainty are derived primarily from a dedicated photon radiation pressure actuator, with cross-checks provided by optical and radio frequency references. We describe how the gravitational-wave readout signal is calibrated into equivalent gravitational-wave-induced strain and how the statistical uncertainties and systematic errors are assessed. Detector data collected over 38 calendar days, from September 12 to October 20, 2015, contain the event GW150914 and approximately 16 of coincident data used to estimate the event false alarm probability. The calibration uncertainty is less than 10% in magnitude and 10 degrees in phase across the relevant frequency band 20 Hz to 1 kHz., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures

Published
2016
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49. The Rate of Binary Black Hole Mergers Inferred from Advanced LIGO Observations Surrounding GW150914

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calder'on, Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. 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J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rakhmanov, M., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rew, H., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, R., Romanov, G., Romie, J. H., Rosi'nska, D., Rowan, S., R"udiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sandeen, B., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Schilling, R., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Sch"onbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serna, G., Setyawati, Y., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shah, S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stevenson, S., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepa'nczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., T'apai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., T"oyr"a, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifir`o, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Vallisneri, M., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vas'uth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Vicer'e, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Wessels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., zny, A. Zadro., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., and Zweizig, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

A transient gravitational-wave signal, GW150914, was identified in the twin Advanced LIGO detectors on September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC. To assess the implications of this discovery, the detectors remained in operation with unchanged configurations over a period of 39 d around the time of the signal. At the detection statistic threshold corresponding to that observed for GW150914, our search of the 16 days of simultaneous two-detector observational data is estimated to have a false alarm rate (FAR) of $< 4.9 \times 10^{-6} \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, yielding a $p$-value for GW150914 of $< 2 \times 10^{-7}$. Parameter estimation followup on this trigger identifies its source as a binary black hole (BBH) merger with component masses $(m_1, m_2) = \left(36^{+5}_{-4},29^{+4}_{-4}\right) \, M_\odot$ at redshift $z = 0.09^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$ (median and 90\% credible range). Here we report on the constraints these observations place on the rate of BBH coalescences. Considering only GW150914, assuming that all BBHs in the Universe have the same masses and spins as this event, imposing a search FAR threshold of 1 per 100 years, and assuming that the BBH merger rate is constant in the comoving frame, we infer a 90% credible range of merger rates between $2$--$53 \, \mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ (comoving frame). Incorporating all search triggers that pass a much lower threshold while accounting for the uncertainty in the astrophysical origin of each trigger, we estimate a higher rate, ranging from $13$--$600 \, \mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ depending on assumptions about the BBH mass distribution. All together, our various rate estimates fall in the conservative range $2$--$600 \, \mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, as accepted by ApJL (see also associated Supplement)

Published
2016
Full Text
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50. Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Baune, C., Bavigadda, V., Bazzan, M., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Bell, A. S., Bell, C. J., Berger, B. K., Bergman, J., Bergmann, G., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bohe, A., Bojtos, P., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brown, N. M., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Cannon, K. C., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Baiardi, L. Cerboni, Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chen, H. Y., Chen, Y., Cheng, C., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L., Constancio Jr., M., Conte, A., Conti, L., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Canton, T. Dal, Danilishin, S. L., DÁntonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darman, N. 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A., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., London, L. T., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lück, H., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, J., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., MacDonald, T., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Mageswaran, M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. S., Maros, E., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Meidam, J., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mendoza-Gandara, D., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Mezzani, F., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mirshekari, S., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, B. C., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D. J., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nedkova, K., Nelemans, G., Neri, M., Neunzert, A., Newton, G., Nguyen, T. T., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., Ochsner, E., O'Dell, J., Oelker, E., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, H., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Paris, H. R., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patricelli, B., Patrick, Z., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Predoi, V., Premachandra, S. S., Prestegard, T., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rakhmanov, M., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rew, H., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, R., Romanov, G., Romie, J. H., Rosińska, D., Röver, C., Rowan, S., Rüdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sanchez, E. J., Sandberg, V., Sandeen, B., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Schilling, R., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serna, G., Setyawati, Y., Sevigny, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shah, S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shao, Z., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, R., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, J. R., Smith, N. D., Smith, R. J. E., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Srivastava, A. K., Staley, A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stephens, B. C., Stevenson, S. P., Stone, R., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Stratta, G., Strauss, N. A., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tápai, M., Tarabrin, S. P., Taracchini, A., Taylor, R., Theeg, T., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Töyrä, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trifirò, D., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tse, M., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van der Sluys, M. V., van Heijningen, J. V., Vañó-Viñuales, A., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Voss, D., Vousden, W. D., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Wessels, P., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, G., Yablon, J., Yam, W., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yap, M. J., Yu, H., Yvert, M., zny, A. Zadro., Zangrando, L., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. E., Zuraw, S. E., Zweizig, J., Boyle, M., Brügmann, B., Campanelli, M., Clark, M., Hemberger, D. A., Kidder, L. E., Kinsey, M., Laguna, P., Ossokine, S., Scheel, M. A., Szilagyi, B., Teukolsky, S., and Zlochower, Y.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

On September 14, 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detected a gravitational-wave transient (GW150914); we characterize the properties of the source and its parameters. The data around the time of the event were analyzed coherently across the LIGO network using a suite of accurate waveform models that describe gravitational waves from a compact binary system in general relativity. GW150914 was produced by a nearly equal mass binary black hole of $36^{+5}_{-4} M_\odot$ and $29^{+4}_{-4} M_\odot$; for each parameter we report the median value and the range of the 90% credible interval. The dimensionless spin magnitude of the more massive black hole is bound to be $<0.7$ (at 90% probability). The luminosity distance to the source is $410^{+160}_{-180}$ Mpc, corresponding to a redshift $0.09^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$ assuming standard cosmology. The source location is constrained to an annulus section of $610$ deg$^2$, primarily in the southern hemisphere. The binary merges into a black hole of $62^{+4}_{-4} M_\odot$ and spin $0.67^{+0.05}_{-0.07}$. This black hole is significantly more massive than any other inferred from electromagnetic observations in the stellar-mass regime., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures

Published
2016
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