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Background: Brain tumors are one of the leading causes of epilepsy, and brain tumor‐related epilepsy (BTRE) is recognized as the major cause of intractable epilepsy, resulting in huge treatment cost and burden to patients, their families, and society. Although optimal treatment regimens are available, the majority of patients with BTRE show poor resolution of symptoms. BTRE has a very complex and multifactorial etiology, which includes several influencing factors such as genetic and molecular biomarkers. Advances in multi‐omics technologies have enabled to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and related biomarkers of BTRE. Here, we reviewed multi‐omics technology‐based research studies on BTRE published in the last few decades and discussed the present status, development, opportunities, challenges, and prospects in treating BTRE. Methods: First, we provided a general review of epilepsy, BTRE, and multi‐omics techniques. Next, we described the specific multi‐omics (including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) techniques and related molecular biomarkers for BTRE. We then presented the associated pathogenetic mechanisms of BTRE. Finally, we discussed the development and application of novel omics techniques for diagnosing and treating BTRE. Results: Genomics studies have shown that the BRAF gene plays a role in BTRE development. Furthermore, the BRAF V600E variant was found to induce epileptogenesis in the neuronal cell lineage and tumorigenesis in the glial cell lineage. Several genomics studies have linked IDH variants with glioma‐related epilepsy, and the overproduction of D2HG is considered to play a role in neuronal excitation that leads to seizure occurrence. The high expression level of Forkhead Box O4 (FOXO4) was associated with a reduced risk of epilepsy occurrence. In transcriptomics studies, VLGR1 was noted as a biomarker of epileptic onset in patients. Several miRNAs such as miR‐128 and miRNA‐196b participate in BTRE development. miR‐128 might be negatively associated with the possibility of tumor‐related epilepsy development. The lncRNA UBE2R2‐AS1 inhibits the growth and invasion of glioma cells and promotes apoptosis. Quantitative proteomics has been used to determine dynamic changes of protein acetylation in epileptic and non‐epileptic gliomas. In another proteomics study, a high expression of AQP‐4 was detected in the brain of GBM patients with seizures. By using quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry assay, a study revealed that patients with astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas showed high BCL2A1 expression and poor seizure control. By performing immunohistochemistry, several studies have reported the relationship between D2HG overproduction and seizure occurrence. Ki‐67 overexpression in WHO grade II gliomas was found to be associated with poor postoperative seizure control. According to metabolomics research, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is associated with the development of glioma‐related epileptogenesis. Another metabolomics study found that SV2A, P‐gb, and CAD65/67 have the potential to function as biomarkers for BTRE. Conclusions: Based on the synthesized information, this review provided new research perspectives and insights into the early diagnosis, etiological factors, and personalized treatment of BTRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the drawbacks of typical Fe-C micro-electrolysis in wastewater treatment, we developed a new electrolysis material, integrated Fe/C aggregate (FCA) made from Fe0 and carbon powder, and used it for phosphate removal from wastewater. Results show that the free iron ions could quickly react with PO 4 3 − and form an iron phosphate precipitate in phosphate-containing wastewater. The release rate of iron ions was extremely rapid in the first 10 h, indicating that Fe-C microscopic galvanic cells formed on the aggregate surface. Acid conditions are beneficial for accelerating the Fe-C micro-electrolysis reaction and enhancing the iron ion release capacity and phosphate removal capacity. In batch experiments, the maximum phosphate removal capacity of FCA was found to be 10.84 mg P/g. The phosphate removal behaviour of FCA can be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. SEM and XPS investigations also revealed that phosphates were absorbed by ferrous or ferric hydroxide and generated Fe-P precipitate, which adhered to the surface of FCA throughout the phosphate removal process. Because of its low cost and outstanding performance, the FCA aggregate has a high potential for P removal in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, B, P co-doped porous carbon (PCBP) was prepared from K2B4O7 and phytic acid-modified cellulose via chemical activation and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Of which, K2B4O7 not only acts as a source of boron, but also as an activation agent in the process of activation. The electrochemical properties of porous carbon materials were significantly improved by doping P and B. Compared with the porous carbon doped by B, PCBP shows almost higher specific capacitance and better rate performance. When evaluated as supercapacitor electrode materials in 6 M KOH electrolyte under two-electrode test systems, the as-prepared PCBP exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance: a high specific capacitance of 214 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, a good rate capability of 142 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 and 2.7% capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles. Thus, the co-doping of B and P holds great promise for improving the specific capacitance and rate capability, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of B and P co-doped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five different configurations of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) grids were tested for the control of plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete using carbon FRP rods with two different spacings, two configurations of conventional steel wire meshes, and fiber reinforced concrete with two different fiber volume fractions. The experimental program followed the standard acceptance criteria test method for concrete with synthetic fibers. Test results showed that carbon FRP grids meet or exceed the acceptance criteria of minimum 40% reduction in shrinkage cracking of concrete. Introducing a crack reduction efficiency factor as the ratio of crack reduction to the equivalent area of steel reinforcement, carbon grids proved to be the most efficient type of reinforcement tested in this study. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:5(441) CE Database subject headings: Carbon; Concrete; Cracking; Fiber reinforced polymers; Grid systems; Shrinkage.

In recent years, concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) has been used as precast piles, girders, and pier columns in federally funded innovative bridge projects around the country. While the monotonic behavior of CFFT columns is studied rather extensively, their cyclic response is not yet fully understood. This paper presents a comprehensive composite beam-column libel element for large displacement nonlinear inelastic analysis of CFFT beam columns. A two-dimensional three-node combined element is used with 13 degrees of freedom, including five for each end node and three for the middle node. The constitutive models for cyclic loading of FRP and concrete are described. The model is verified against the available cyclic test data of an earlier study on six CFFTs with and without internal steel reinforcement. A study is carried out to evaluate the effect of CFFT parameters on its hysteretic response, and to compare the response with reinforced concrete (RC) and concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs). The study shows the feasibility of designing CFFT columns with comparable hysteretic performance to RC columns. However, hysteretic response of CFFT columns cannot measure up to their CFST counterparts, unless their superior durability is considered in the selection process. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:2(292) CE Database subject headings: Beam columns; Concrete, reinforced; Constitutive models; Cyclic tests; Fiber reinforced plastics; Hysteresis; Nonlinear analysis; Tubes.

A novel and convenient approach to the synthesis of polysubstituted isochromanones is described. Irradiation of 2-formyl phenylalkeno-derivatives with UV light in benzene solution afforded the corresponding products in up to 98% yield. The possible reaction mechanism is proposed and further supported by the isotopic experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C(20)H(19)O(4)P, the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 73.3 (4)° and the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the two phenyl rings are 43.0 (3) and 54.3 (1)°. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak O-H⋯O inter-actions are observed, which form a supra-molecular sheet parallel to (010).